Corona Virus COVID-19

What is Coronavirus:
Coronavirus is a type of virus. There are
many different kinds, and some cause
disease.
A coronavirus identified in 2019, SARS-CoV-
2, has caused a pandemic of respiratory
illness, called COVID-19
Why is it called Coronavirus?
Coronaviruses are named for the crown-
likes Spikes on their Surface. Human
Coronavirus was first Identified in Mid
1960’s
What is Virus:
A virus is an infectious microbe
consisting of a segment of
nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA)
surrounded by a protein coat.
• A virus is a submicroscopic
infectious agent that replicates
only inside the living cells of
an organism.
• Viruses infect all life forms,
from animals and plants to
microorganisms, including
bacteria and archaea.
 Background Disease
Smallpox
Smallpox is a febrile, severe and infectious
disease, seen in all ages and sexes, showing
up as large fluid-filled pustules on the face
and all over the body that scabbed over and
often left behind ugly scars.
It was the most common cause of deaths in
history, killing 30% of those infected.
Spanish flu
Spanish flu or influenza was caused by a deadly
subtype of the H1N1 virus in 1918-1920.
The Spanish influenza is considered the worst in
modern history, killing an estimated 50 million to 100
million people in just 18 months.
Some 500 million were estimated to be infected by
the virus, and its spread was exacerbated by the
ongoing war.
 Black Death
• The plague has killed by far the
most people – claiming tens of
millions of lives around the world.
• Black Death, which caused great
destruction across Europe
between 1347 and 1351, is
estimated to have killed 75 million
to 100 million people. The
epidemic started in southwest
Asia and reached Europe in the
late 1340s.
Origin of Corona Virus
• Many health experts believe that
the new strain of coronavirus
likely originated in bats or
pangolins.
• The first transmission to humans
was in Wuhan, China. Since then,
the virus has mostly spread
through person-to-person
contact.
Causes
• Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,
or SARS-CoV-2, causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
• The virus can also spread if you touch a surface with the virus on
it and then touch your mouth, nose or eyes. But the risk is low
• The COVID-19 virus can spread from someone who is infected
but has no symptoms. This is called asymptomatic transmission.
 Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may appear 2 to 14 days after
exposure. This time after exposure and before having symptoms is called the incubation
period. You can still spread COVID-19 before you have symptoms.
Common signs and symptoms can include:
• Fever
• Cough
• Tiredness
• Sore throat
• Headache
• Chest pain
• Pink eye
• Vomiting
Disease Due to Coronavirus
• Pneumonia and trouble breathing.
• Organ failure in several organs.
• Heart problems.
• A severe lung condition that
causes a low amount of oxygen to
go through your bloodstream to
your organs
Effect of Coronavirus

• The global economy is expected to lose nearly $8.5 trillion in output

over the next two years due to the COVID-19 pandemic, wiping out
nearly all gains of the previous four years.
• Overall economic growth in Pakistan contracted to (-) 0.47% in 2019-
20 when it already had weak economic growth of just 1.9 percent in
the prior year. The COVID-19 further compounded long-standing
challenges, especially in the industrial and services sector
Early Control
• Avoid Crowded Places
As an individual, you can lower your risk of infection by reducing your
rate of contact with other people
• Wear a Face Mask
You should continue to use the surgical mask in all public places until you
are advised.
• Cover Mouth when Coughing
Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve (not your hands)
when coughing or sneezing.
Early Control
• Wash Hand Frequently
Wash hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. Use an
alcohol-based hand sanitizer if soap and water are not available.
• Seek Medical Care
Seek medical care right away. Before you go to a doctor’s office or
emergency room, call ahead and tell them about your recent travel and
your symptoms.
• Avoid Contact with Animals
Avoid animals animal markets, and products that come from animals
Vaccination of COVID-19
• In Pakistan from 3 January 2020 to 21
March 2023 There has been 1578358
confirmed cases of COVID-19 with
30645 Deaths report to World Health
Organization,
• As of 18 March 2023 a total of
334609866 vaccine doses have been
administered
Vaccination of COVID-19
Some Vaccines Granted Emergency Use Listing (EUL) by WHO
• CovoVax
• Nuvaxovid
• Spikevax
• Comirnaty
• Jcovden
• Vaxzevria
• Covaxin
• CoronaVac
Future Prevention of COVID-19
• Reduced deforestation,
• Better management of wildlife trade and hunting
• Better surveillance of zoonotic pathogens before they spill into
human populations are all key strategies that could help prevent
future pandemics, according to a new report.