Dionisio A.

Visco, EdD
2020-2021
 Acknowledgement

Special credit is accorded to Prof. John Mark B. Romero of the College of

Arts and Sciences, ASIST Bangued Campus, for constructing Unit I, consisting

of five (5) lessons. His work adds up to the substance of this module.

D.A.V.

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 Table of Contents
Page

UNIT I - Introduction to the Study of the Globalization . . . 1

LESSON 1 Defining Globalization . . . . . 1
LESSON 2 Metaphors of Globalization . . . . 5
LESSON 3 Theories of Globalization and Dynamics
of Local and Global Culture . . . . 11
LESSON 4 Origins and History of Globalization . . . 24
LESSON 5 Global Demography, Global Migration and
Globalization of Religion . . . . . 32
UNIT II - The Global Economy . . . . . . 41
LESSON 6 Economic Globalization and Global Trade . . 41
LESSON 7 Economic Globalization and Sustainable Development 55
LESSON 8 Economic Globalization, poverty and Inequality . 66
LESSON 9 Theories of Global Stratification . . . 70
UNIT III - Market Integration. . . . . . . 75
LESSON 10 International Financial Institutions . . 75
. . 88
LESSON 11 History of Market Integration . . . 91
. . 97
LESSON 12 Global Corporation . . . . . 97
UNIT IV - Global Interstate System . . . . .
LESSON 13 Global Governance in the 21 century
st . . 100
LESSON 14 Effect of Globalization to governments
relevance of the state amid Globalization

.
LESSON 15 Institutions than Govern International
Relations – UN, NATO, ASEAN . . . . 103
LESSON 16 Globalization and Globalism,
Informationalism, Regionalization . . . 110
LESSON 17 Global Citizenship . . . . . 117
REFRENCES . . . . . . . . . 119
UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF GLOBALIZATION

LESSON 1: DEFINING GLOBALIZATION

LESSON OBJECTIVES:

At the end of this lesson, you shall be able to:

1. Differentiate the competing conceptions of globalization

2. Identify the underlying philosophies of the varying definitions of globalization
3. Develop a working definition of globalization for the course

INTRODUCTION
Human beings have encountered many changes over the last century
especially their social relationships and socialstructures
important
The reality and omnipresence of globalization makes us see ourselves as
part of whatwe refer to asthe“globalage”
The internet allows every one of us to know what is happening around the
world through social media like Facebook and browsing engines such as
Google
Mass media also allows for connections among people, communities and
countries around the world
 We ask the question “WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?”

- It is a question that is probably not easy to answer

- Many scholars have tried give and formulate definitions
- This has resulted into different sometimes contradicting views
about the concept
- It proves that it cannot be contained within a specific time
frame, all people and all situations
- Globalizations encompasses a multitude of processes thatinvolves the
economy, political systems and culture
- social structures are directly affected by

globalization GLOBALIZATION IS VIEWED AS BOTH A POSITIVE AND A

NEGATIVE PHENOMENON

Globalization as a Positive phenomenon

- Globalization has gained many connotations pertaining to progress, development and

integration
Thomas Larsson – Swedish journalist

“… theprocessofworldshrinkage,ofdistancegettingshorter,things moving closer. It pertains

to the increasing ease with which somebody on one side of the world can interact, to
mutual benefit with somebody on the other side of the world.”

Globalization as a Negative Phenomenon

- Globalization occurs through and with regression, colonialism and
destabilization Martin Khor – former president of a TV network TWN
“…globalization is colonization”

This chapter will discuss different definitions about globalization using metaphors and
devoting a general discussion about globalization theories.

The Task of Defining Globalization

- Theword globalization firstappeared in the Webster’sdictionary in 1961

- Globalization has brought many opinions of different scholars
- The opinions have brought about many definitions to which they are classified as:

1. Broad and Inclusive - vague

Ex. “globalization means the onset of the borderless world” – Ohmae

2
 2. Narrow and Exclusive – limiting
Ex. Internationalizing of production, new international division of labor, new migratory
movements from North to South, the internationalizing of the state
The definition of globalization is complex and multifaceted because it deals with
economic, political and social dimensions.
According to the Geneva Center for Security Policy (GCSP) in 2006, from the 114
definitions of globalization, 67 of them refer to the economic dimensionwhile the others
refer to political and social dimensions.
More recently, Ritzer defines “Globalization is a transplanetary process or set of processes
involving increasing liquidity and the growing multidirectional flows of people, objects, places
and information as well as the structures they encounter and create that barriers to, or
expedite, those flows.”
Generally speaking, this definition assumes that globalization could bring either or
both integration and or fragmentation. Although things flow easily in the global world,
hindrances or structural blocks are also present.

Why are we going to spend time studying this concept? How can we appreciate these definitions?
How can this help us define globalization?

1. The perspective of the person who defines globalization shapes its definition.
2. Globalization is the debate; the debate is globalization.
3. Globalization is a reality.

ACTIVITY NO.1

Defining Globalization is indeed a daunting task since it has complicated meanings. Because
of this, in a short bond paper, make your own definition about globalization by expressing it in a
form of an art work.
Provide a simple explanation of your oeuvre in not more than 5 sentences. (30 pts) How do you
get your Score?
Creativity- 10

Originality- 10

Organization- 10

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Name: Date:

Course/Year/Section: Score:

ACTIVITY NO.1