Conceptions and Definition

of Globalization
Learning Outcomes:
1. Introduction to globalization
 

At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to demonstrate the following:
• Examine the various conceptions of globalization
• Distinguish the different definitions from experts
• Adopt a working definition of globalization
 Globalization is a phenomenon.

No person is particularly in charge of it.

Your experience of it might not be exactly the same as mine.

Based on your experience, how do you define or describe globalization?
Globalization is a challenge to the nation-state.
- strength of regional blocs
- emergence of global political norms
- multilateral and bilateral relations among nation-states
- emergence of corporations
- international laws
- world governance

From a political science expert

Globalizations means
- fast speed of trade
- global economic organizations
- multinational and transnational corporations
- trade blocs
- free trade
- privatization
- less tariffs

From economics expert

Globalization means

- establishment “global village”

- “shrinking world”
- cultural imperialism
- borderless world
- adoption of other cultures

From culture expert

Are they all correct?
The answer is precisely YES!
Based on scholarly works from the experts of the topic on globalization, there
are different conceptions of globalization.

Some would say it is a process.

Others say it is state.

Still some others would claim that it is an ideology.

 It is a social process that create, multiply, intensify
worldwide interdependence….
Waters, 2001

It denotes processes nestling under one rather

unwieldy epithet.
Freeden, 2003

Definitions of globalization
 It is signifies social condition characterized by thick economic,
political and cultural interconnections and global flows that make
existing political borders and economic barriers IRRELEVANT.
Steger, 2014

Definitions of globalization
 Globalization is an ideology.
a system of widely shared ideas, patterned beliefs, guiding norms
and values and ideals accepted as truth by some groups.

1. It is about liberalization and global integration of markets.

2. It’s inevitable.
3. Nobody is in charge of it.
4. It benefits everyone (in the long run).
5. It furthers the spread of democracy.

Definitions of globalization
Are they also correct?

The answer is also YES!

Globalization is experienced by economists, political scientists,
and culture experts. They have their own definitions or
descriptions what globalization.

Also, different scholars have their own conceptions of

globalization.

They are all correct.

Bringing these different definitions, descriptions and conceptions of
globalization. We need to put them together.

Now, we agree on a working definition that is academic and

interdisciplinary.
“The expansion & intensification of social
relations and consciousness across world time
and world space”
Steger, 2014

Academic Definition of
Globalization
This definition encompasses the various descriptions
and conceptions of Globalization
1. Various forms of connectivity

2. Expansion and stretching of social relations

3. Intensification and acceleration of social exchanges and activities

4. Occurs subjectively

Attributes of globalization
A. Various forms of connectivity

- They are diverse (economic, political, cultural, etc)

- They are enabled by various factors, pressures, media, etc.
- They are uneven (different degrees of interconnections)

Attributes of Globalization
B. Expansion & stretching of social relations

- Regional and international NGOs

- Sister-cities mechanism
- Government associations
- MNCs and TNCs

Attributes of Globalization
C. Intensification & acceleration of social exchanges and activities

- Door-to-door mail delivery to FB messages – IG, SnapChat, Twitter

- Live TV telecast
- Travel capacities brought about by low airfares

Attributes of Globalization
D. Occurs objectively

- Think about the world

- Associate ourselves with global trends
- Sense of responsibility

Attributes of Globalization
D. Occurs objectively

- Think about the world

- Associate ourselves with global trends #Pray4Lebanon
- Sense of responsibility KPop
Climate Change

Attributes of Globalization
This process is uneven.