LESSON 1- INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION

• Overview:

This lesson will focus on student’s

sharing of ideas and a self-concept
about globalization
Learning Objectives:

• At the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

1. Engage in a sharing of ideas about globalization.
2. Show enthusiasm in learning the course by active
participation
3. Give personal definition of globalization based on a
concept map.
GLOBALIZATION
BY: ELIZABETH L. PAMBUENA, MEM

•
• WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION
• wIt refers to the increased
flow of trade, people,
investment, technology,
culture, ideas among
countries and creates a
more integrated and
interdependent world.
•wGlobalization has been around since
the 15th century when European
exploration & colonization created
global empires & markets, but most
historians and economists agree that
today is special by the extent of
interdependence and the speed by
which it has occurred.
•wGlobalization means the speedup of
movements and exchanges (of human
beings, goods, and services, capital,
technologies or cultural practices) all over
the planet. One of the effects of
globalization is that it promotes and
increases interactions between different
regions and populations around the globe.
• ACCDG. TO WHO - Globalization can be
defined as ” the increased interconnectedness and
interdependence of peoples and countries. It is
generally understood to include two inter-related
elements: the opening of international borders to
increasingly fast flows of goods, services,
finance, people and ideas; and the changes in
institutions and policies at national and
international levels that facilitate or promote such
flows.”
• What Is Globalization in the Economy?
• According to the 
Committee for Development Policy (a
subsidiary body of the United Nations), from
an economic point of view, globalization can
be defined as:
“(…) the increasing interdependence of world
economies as a result of the growing scale of
cross-border trade of commodities and
services, the flow of international capital and
the wide and rapid spread of technologies.
• What Is Globalization is Globalization in
Geography?
• In geography, globalization is defined as
the set of processes (economic, social,
cultural, technological, institutional) that
contribute to the relationship between
societies and individuals around the
world. It is a progressive process by which
exchanges and flows between different
parts of the world are intensified.
• When Did Globalization Begin?
• The History of Globalization
• When Did Globalization Begin?
• The History of Globalization
• When Did Globalization Begin?
• The History of Globalization
•ASPECTS OF GLOBALIZATION

ECONOMICAL

CULTURAL SOCIAL

GLOBALIZATION

TECHNOLOGICL ECOLOGICAL

POLITICAL
•ASPECTS OF GLOBALIZATION

ECONOMICAL

CULTURAL SOCIAL

GLOBALIZATION

TECHNOLOGICL ECOLOGICAL

POLITICAL
• They are all interconnected!
• DRIVERS OF GLOBALIZATION
• Two factors underlie globalization
• “Decline in barriers to the free flow of
goods, services, and capital” that has
occurred since the end of World War II”
(PANDEMIC SITUATION)
• The Benefits of Globalization
• Globalization has benefits that cover many
different areas. It reciprocally developed
economies all over the world and increased
cultural exchanges
• Globalization Benefits – A Financial
Example
• At the same time, finance also became
globalized. From the 1980s, driven by neo-
liberal policies, the world of finance gradually
opened. Many states, particularly the US under
Ronald Reagan and the UK under Margaret
Thatcher introduced the famous “3D Policy”:
• Disintermediation, Decommissioning,
Deregulation.
•  
Technological change
DECLINING TRADE AND
INVESTMENT BARRIERS
 Course Materials: Views on Globalization:
 Thomas Larsson- a Swedish journalist, saw globalization as a “process of world shrinkage, of
distances getting shorter, things moving closer.
 Martin Khor- the former President of Third World Network in Malaysia, once regarded
globalization as colonization.
 Ohmae (1992), stated globalization means the onset of borderless world.
 Robert Cox-the characteristics of globalization trend include the internationalizing of production,
the new international division of labor, new migratory movements from South to North, the new
competitive environment, and the internationalizing of the state.
 Ritzer (2015) “globalization is a trans planetary process or a set of processes involving increasing
liquidity and the growing multidirectional flows of people, objects, places, and information, as
well as the structures they encounter and create that are barriers to, or expedite, those flows..
• 
• WATCH: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xPD477FuqtY
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJ0nFD19eT8
 • Metaphors of Globalization
 Solidity- refers to barriers that prevent
or make difficult the movement of things.
 Liquidity- refers to the increasing ease of
movement of people, things, and
information, and places in the
contemporary world.
• Source: https://www.educba.com/globalization-example/
Activity/ Assessment:

•   Answer the following questions:

a.Enumerate at least three of the most recent songs you have
listened. Where did they originate? Identify the nationality of
the writer and/ or artist for each music.
b.What gadgets or devices do you usually use to listen to music?
c.Where were these devices made? Where is the company
based?
d.How did you access this music?
.
• Assignment:

•Based on activity above, create your

generalization and discuss what is
globalization. Make own definition of
globalization based on a concept map.
• LESSON 2
DEFINING GLOBALIZATION
Overview:
•This lesson discusses different
conceptions of globalization and the
underlying philosophies of the varying
definitions about globalization.
•Learning Objectives:
• At the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
1.Differentiate different conceptions of
globalization;
2.Identify the underlying philosophies of the
varying definitions about globalization;
3.Value the importance of the knowledge acquired
about globalization
• Course Materials:
• Prof. Theodore Levitt (19th century)

• Globalization refers to the existence of free

exchange of goods, services, culture, and even
people, between and among countries.
• 1. People become more interested to travel
• 2. People learn new languages
• 3. People immerse themselves into new cultures and
lifestyles.
• UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade
and Development)
•Globalization is a closer integration of
national economies through trade and financial
flows as well as cross-border migration of
people.
•Globalization brings three freedoms (Free
movement of goods or products, services, capital
or investment, and persons
• European Union
• 1. free movement of goods because of abolition of tariff
– tax on imported goods.
• 2. free movement of capital or investment because of
lifting of strict banking and financial regulations that
encourage investors
• 3. free movement of persons because of abolition of
visa restrictions
• a. wages hikes
• b. privatization
• c. migration and outsourcing of jobs
• Liberalization - economic process that
require laws or policies which are products
of confrontation between conflicting
interests.
• – globalization as the process of world
shrinkage, of distances getting shorter,
things moving closer. Increasing ease with
which somebody on one side of the world
can interact to mutual benefits with
somebody on the other side of the world.
 •Thomas Larsson (2001)-Globalization is the modern term
for colonization.
•Martin Khor- globalization is the onset of the borderless
world
•Ohmae (1992)- Differentiate the competing
conceptions of globalization
• Globalization’s definition is complex, multifaceted
because it deals with either economic, political and
social dimensions. It is not easy to define because it
has a shifting nature. It can be influenced by people
who define it.
• Globalization is the means by which
countries interact with each other. It is
growth to a global or worldwide scale.
• It is the process of interaction and
integration among the people and
government of different nations, a process
driven by international trade and
investment and aided by information
technology. 
• In simple terms, it is the flow of money, goods,
information, and people in increasing speed and
magnitude of movement.
• The globalization of the Philippines, in my
opinion, has grown since the development of the
country. There are a lot of technological and
global advances that have gone on in the
Philippines and I feel that if this country
continues to progress in this direction, it will
eventually reach the goals that have been set.
• SOLID VS LIQUID
Metaphors of Globalization
• Solidity - refers to the barriers that prevent
or make difficult movement of things; can
be natural or man-made.
• Liquidity - refers to the increasing ease of
movement of people, things, information,
and places in the contemporary world. It is
difficult to stop.
PHILOSOPHIES AND IDEOLOGIES OF/ON/AGAINST
GLOBALIZATION
• a. Globalization is about the liberalization and global
integration of markets.
• b. Globalization is inevitable and irreversible.
• c. Nobody is in-charge of globalization.
• d. Globalization benefits everyone.
• e. Globalization furthers the spread of democracy
around the world.
• f. Globalization requires war on terror.
• 1. Pro-globalization
• Neoliberal capitalism
• – freeing corporations from much government
regulation will encourage capitalists to invest
more on existing industries, even on experimental
and innovative ones. Privatizing industries and
services will create opportunities for corporations
to create more wealth from almost sure profits
and possibly reduce the price of commodities as
competition between enterprises becomes stiffer.
• Capitalism

• profit motive (people tend to buy stocks of profitable

companies, why Government of Third world countries allow
mining corporations to operate even in places where the
ecosystem is vulnerable).
• 2. Anti-globalization

• Anti-globalization side

 Wants to end to what is considers as a highly imbalanced

system of globalization that favors the first world countries
over developing countries, corporations over citizens and
communities, and profit-seeking over environmental
sustainability.
 changing the current system to make it more
humane, more pro-environment, and more grass-
roots driven.
• Alter-globalization
 The directing motive, the end and aim of capitalist
production, is to extract the greatest possible
amount of surplus-value, and consequently to
exploit labour-power to the greatest possible
extent. (Karl Marx's Das Kapital):
• Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hlE8gKHoHPo
• Activity/Assessment:
• Understanding Globalization
• Look in your bag, at the tags on your
clothing, at your cell phone, etc.  Try to
identify where at least one object you have
with you was made.  Do some research
about this object. Chart your discoveries on
a piece of paper.
• Assignment:

• From the activity, answer the following questions:

1. What do we know about each of the countries/regions where these objects were
made?
2. For those not made in the United States, why do you think these objects were
made overseas?
3. Who profits from these objects being made in another country but sold here? 
4. Who suffers or is exploited?
5. Why do you think our economy is set up in this way? 
• References:

• http://www.cultureconnections.org/resources/curriculum-artifact-boxes/globalization-
an-introduction/unit-01/lesson-plans/activities-03.html

• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/41097877_Competing_Conceptions_of_Gl
obalization/link/0a85e533a81f37bd67000000/

• https://prezi.com/p/mffaqasqooc7/competing-conceptions-of-globalization/
• Assignment:
• From the activity, answer the following questions:
1. What do we know about each of the
countries/regions where these objects were made?
2. For those not made in the United States, why do you
think these objects were made overseas?
3. Who profits from these objects being made in
another country but sold here? 
4. Who suffers or is exploited?
5. Why do you think our economy is set up in this way? 
UNIT 2- MARKET INTEGRATION
Overview:
• Integration shows the relationship
of the firm in a market. The extent of
integration influences the conduct of
the firms and consequently their
marketing efficiency.
 
Learning Objectives:
•At the end of this lesson, students will be able
to:
1.
Explain the role of international financial
institutions in the creation of a global
economy;
2.
Narrate a short history of global market
integration in the twentieth century;
3.
Identify the attributes of global corporations.
Integration- is a state of affairs on a
process involving attempts to combine
separate national economics into longer
economic regions.
Two Types of Market Integration
 Negative Integration.
 Positive Integration
FORMS OF INTEGRATION
1.Preferential Agreement
2.Trade Force Area
3.Customs Union
4.Common Markets
5.Economic Union
THREE BASIC KIND OF MARKET INTEGRATION

1.Horizontal Integration
2.Vertical Integration
3.Conglomeration
20th Century Market Integration
• Started when a big American Corporations
began to emerge after the second World War.
• International trade and exchange of goods
and services were already practiced in this
century.
• Colonialism and imperialism rose as the new
way of putting order to the economic
interrelationships among countries.
 Role of International Financial Institutions
International Financial Institutions Their
common goal is:
 to reduce global poverty and improve people’s 
 living conditions and standards;
 to support sustainable economic, social and 
institutional development; and to promote
regional cooperation and integration.
Types and Role of International Financial
Institutions

World bank
a.To end extreme poverty.
b.To promote shared prosperity.
Types and Role of International Financial
Institutions

Asian Development Bank

a.To make loans and equity investments.
b.To provide technical assistance.
c.To promote investment of private and
public capital.
Types and Role of International Financial
Institutions
1.Islamic Development Bank
a.To foster the economic development
and social progress.
b.To participate in equity capital and
great loan for productive projects
and enterprise.
 Types and Role of International Financial Institutions

Islamic Development Bank

To establish and operate special
fund for specific purposes.
 Types and Role of International Financial Institutions

1.International Monetary Fund

a.To ensure the stability of the
international monetary system.
b.To monitor the economic and financial
stability
c.To provide loans to member countries.
 UNIT 3
THE GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM
 
• Overview:
  This lesson discusses different
institutions associated with World
Trade and the benefits of the United
Nation brought to globalization.
 UNIT 3
THE GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM
 
 Learning Objectives:
  At the end of the lesson, students will
be able to:
1.Explain the effects of globalization on
governments.
 UNIT 3
THE GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM
 
 Learning Objectives:
2. Identify the institutions that govern
international relations.
3. Differentiate globalization from
globalism
 UNIT 3
THE GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM
 
• Overview:
  This lesson discusses different
institutions associated with World
Trade and the benefits of the United
Nation brought to globalization.
 
 UNIT 3
THE GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM
 
Learning Objectives:
 

 1. Explain the effects of globalization on

governments.
2. Identify the institutions that govern
international relations.
3. Differentiate globalization from globalism
 
 UNIT 3
THE GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM
 
 Course Materials:
 

 Global Interstate System--is an

organized institution that governs
international relations for mutual
benefits.
 UNIT 3
THE GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM
 
  Globalization is a process of
 

economic exchange in the globe that

removes the barriers of the flow of
goods, services, capital and labor.
Effects of Globalization on Government

• Benefits of United Nations Brought to

Globalization
 To use its full resources, military or
economic, against those members of the
tripartite pact and its adherence with such
governments is at war.
Effects of Globalization on Government

To cooperate with government

signatory hereto and not to
make a separate armistice or
peace with the enemies.
Effects of Globalization on Government

• Benefits of United Nations Brought to

Globalization

 To use its full resources, military or

economic, against those members of
the tripartite pact and its adherence
with such governments is at war.
Effects of Globalization on Government

To cooperate with government signatory hereto and not

to make a separate armistice or peace with the enemies.

•These are the institutions associated with World Trade

• Organizations for Economic Cooperation and
Development
• World Bank, World Trade Organizations
•And other specialized agencies
 Globalism
and
Globalization
Globalism and Globalization

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