THE STRUCTURES
OF GLOBALIZATION
WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
1. differentiate the competing conceptions of globalization;
2. explain the structure of globalization; and
3. narrate personal experience of globalization.
GLOBALIZATION MEANING
Define globalization the way it is described in
the Edpuzzel video?
What word can you think to describe
globalization?
MEANING OF GLOBALIZATION
Let’s start with the story of Gio and Latif and the Laksa.
GLOBALIZATION IN THE STORY
1. How does globalization reflect in the
story?
2. How will you explain globalization in the
story?
GLOBALIZATION IN THE STORY
The story is fictional but very plausible since it is in fact based on the real-
life experience of one of the authors.
It was through such friendship that one was able to appreciate the
meaning and impact of globalization.
The story of Gio and Latif shows how globalization operates at multiple,
intersecting levels through mass media. The spread of Filipino TV into
Malaysia suggests how fast this popular culture has proliferated and
crisscrossed all over Asia.
GLOBALIZATION IN THE STORY
The Model UN activity is an international competition about international
politics.
The competition was held in Sydney – a global city that derives in wealth
and influence from the global capital that flows through it. Sydney is also
a metropolis of families of international immigrants or foreigners working
in the industries that also sell their products abroad.
GLOBALIZATION IN THE STORY
After the competition, the two kept in touch through Facebook, a global
social networking site that provides instantaneous communication across
countries and continents.
They preserved their friendship online and then rekindled this face-to-face
in Singapore, another hub for global commerce.
STRUCTURE OF GLOBALIZATION
Gio's story is a very privileged way of experiencing global flows, but for
other people, the shrinking of the world may not be as exciting and edifying.
For Example:
It is common for young women in developing countries to be recruited in the
internet as “mail-order-brides” for foreign men in other countries. However,
they end up becoming sexual and domestic servants.
STRUCTURE OF GLOBALIZATION
Another example:
Governments that decide to welcome the foreign investments on the belief
that they provide jobs and capital for the country offer public lands as
factory or industrial sites. In the process, poor people living in these lands,
also called “urban poor communities,” are being evicted by the government.
The irony is that these people forcibly removed from their “slums” are also
the labor force sought by foreign companies.
GLOBALIZATION: A WORKING DEFINITION
1. Is globalization good or bad? What do you
think?
2. Is it beneficial or detrimental? What do you
think?
GLOBALIZATION: A WORKING DEFINITION
The discussion begins with two premises:
1. Globalization is a complex phenomenon that occurs at multiple levels.
2. It is an uneven process that affects people differently.
GLOBALIZATION: A WORKING DEFINITION
Manfred Steger describes globalization as a process.
It refers to the expansion and intensification of social relations and
consciousness across world-time and world-space.
Expansion refers to both the creation of new social networks and the
multiplication of existing connections that cut across traditional, political,
economic, cultural, and geographic boundaries.
GLOBALIZATION: A WORKING DEFINITION
Connections occur at different levels.
Example:
1. Social media established new global connections between people.
2. International groups of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are networks that
connect a more specific group – social activists and workers form different corners of
the globe.
GLOBALIZATION: A WORKING DEFINITION
Intensification refers to the expansion, stretching and acceleration of these
networks. Not only are global connections multiplying, they also become
more closely-knit and expanding their reach.
Example:
There is a strong financial market connecting London and New York.
GLOBALIZATION: A WORKING DEFINITION
Manfred Steger notes that “globalization processes do not occur merely at an
objective, material level but they also involve the subjective plane of human
consciousness.”
In other words, people begin to feel that the world has become a smaller
place and distance has collapsed from thousand of miles to just a mouse-
click away.
Cable TV and internet has exposed one to news from across the globe.
GLOBALIZATION: A WORKING DEFINITION
Manfred Steger posits that his definition of globalization must be
differentiated with an ideology he calls globalism.
Globalization represents the many processes that allow for the expansion
and intensification of global connections.
Globalism is a widespread belief among powerful people that the global
integration of economic markets is beneficial for everyone , since it spreads
freedom and democracy across the world.
GLOBALIZATION: A WORKING DEFINITION
Arjun Appadurai describes globalization as 'scapes" manifests into" different
kinds of globalization occur on multiple and intersecting dimensions of
integration .
There are different kinds of scapes – ethnoscape, technoscape, mediascape,
financescape and ideoscape.
1. Ethnoscape refers to the global movement of people.
2. Technoscape refers to the circulation of mechanical goods and software.
GLOBALIZATION: A WORKING DEFINITION
3. Mediascape refers to the flow of culture.
4. Financescape denotes the global circulation of money.
5. Ideoscape refers to the realm where political ideas move around.
These various scapes are thus distinct windows into the broader phenomenon of
globalization.
Appadurai’s argument is simple: there are multiple globalizations.
