Underlying

Philosophies of
Globalization
Lesson Objectives:

Identify the Differentiate

underlying globalization and
philosophies of globalism.
globalization.

The Contemporary World.

2
“
Dimension of Globalization

3
The
economic
dimension of
globalization
4
 Economic globalization
• intensification and stretching of economic connections across the globe. ‘

“ The economic dimension of globalization’ gives a brief history of the

emergence of the global economic order. Towards the end of the Second World
War, the Bretton Woods Conference laid the foundations for institutions such as
the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and World
Trade Organization.
In the 1980s, rising neoliberalism led to the deregulation of financial
transactions. Significant developments include:

1. internationalization of trade
2. the increasing power of transnational corporations,
3. the enhanced role of international economic institutions.

https://www.veryshortintroductions.com/view/10.1093/actrade/9780198849452.001.0001/actrade-9780198849452-chapter-4
5
Political dimension of globalization

• intensification and expansion of political interrelations across the

globe.
‘The political dimension of globalization’ raises political issues relating
to state sovereignty and the question of whether the nation-state will
survive globalization. Growing social, economic, and cultural
interconnectedness has facilitated migration in large numbers and
permeated borders.
Contemporary globalization has put pressure on traditional forms of
global governance by fostering the growth of supraterritorial social
spaces and institutions that unsettle both familiar political arrangements
and cultural traditions.
The worldwide intensification of cultural interactions makes greater
accommodation and tolerance possible, but it is just as likely to increase
political resistance and opposition.

6
Cultural dimension of globalization

• arises from increased cultural flows across the world. ‘

The cultural dimension of globalization’ focuses on tension between
cultural sameness and cultural difference, broadly defining culture as
the ideas, customs, and social behaviour of people or society.

The globalization of culture is often primarily attributed to

international mass media. New technologies such as satellite television
and the Internet have created a steady flow of images and messages
which have had a strong effect on cultures and communities, profoundly
impacting the way people experience their everyday lives. As the world
becomes more connected, language diversity is decreasing as more
languages become obsolete.

7
Ecological dimension of globalization

• examines the impact of the economic, political, and cultural

aspects of globalization on ecological issues.

Human-made disasters such as Chernobyl, Deepwater

Horizon, and the Fukushima meltdown have made an impact
described as glocal, in which their effects were not confined within
one nation’s borders.
Uncontrolled population growth, global warming, and climate
change are all accentuated by the process of globalization. Some
progress has been made such as at the 2015 Paris climate
meeting, but progress is slow. This phase of globalization has
severely damaged the environment, and it remains to be seen
whether the breaking down of borders will now help us cooperate
on a solution.
8
 Ideological confrontations
over globalization
Market globalism
Justice globalism
Religious globalism

Debates about globalization are often characterized by rhetoric suggesting it

is either ‘a good thing’ or ‘a bad thing’. ‘Ideological confrontations over
globalization’ focuses on the assumptions behind these concepts and clashes.

9
Theories

Market globalism is underpinned by

neoliberal theories which suggested
that globalization is both positive
and inevitable.

10
Justice globalism has sprung
up around the world with
various ‘Occupy’-style
movements.

11
Religious globalism

- seek to mobilize a religious community

imagined in global terms in defense of
religious values and beliefs thought to be
under attack by the forces of secularism and
consumerism. Recently, there has been a rise
in ‘anti-globalization’ voices in authority from
populist movements.

12
Globalization vs Globalism
Globalism
– a political ideology that
endows globalization with
certain norms, values, and
meanings
Globalization
– a multidimensional set of
social processes that extend
and intensify social
connections across the
globe.

This distinction helps to foreground the considerable role played by

various globalism’s to shape the conditions of our interconnected world.

13
Reference:

Manfred Steger, Globalization: A Very Short Introduction, Fifth

Edition, Oxford University Press: 2017

14