THE STRUCTURES

OF GLOBALIZATION
WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. differentiate the competing conceptions of globalization;
2. explain the structure of globalization; and
3. narrate personal experience of globalization.
GLOBALIZATION MEANING

Watch this video about globalization.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=JJ0nFD19eT8&t=130s
GLOBALIZATION MEANING

What word can you give to describe globalization?

How does the video describe globalization?
MEANING OF GLOBALIZATION

Let’s start with the story of Gio and Latif and the Laksa.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0AS65cI0pJA
GLOBALIZATION IN THE STORY

It was through such friendship that one was able to appreciate the meaning
and impact of globalization.
 The story of Gio and Latif shows how globalization operates at multiple,
intersecting levels through mass media. The spread of Filipino TV into
Malaysia suggests how fast this popular culture has proliferated and
crisscrossed all over Asia.
GLOBALIZATION IN THE STORY

 The Model UN activity is an international competition about international

politics.
The competition was held in Sydney – a global city that derives in wealth
and influence from the global capital that flows through it. Sydney is also
a metropolis of families of international immigrants or foreigners working
in the industries that also sell their products abroad.
GLOBALIZATION IN THE STORY

After the competition, the two kept in touch through Facebook, a global
social networking site that provides instantaneous communication across
countries and continents.
They preserved their friendship online and then rekindled this face-to-face
in Singapore, another hub for global commerce.
STRUCTURE OF GLOBALIZATION

Gio's story is a very privileged way of experiencing global flows,

but for other people, the shrinking of the world may not be as
exciting and edifying.
STRUCTURE OF GLOBALIZATION

Example:
Governments that decide to welcome the foreign investments on the belief
that they provide jobs and capital for the country offer public lands as
factory or industrial sites. In the process, poor people living in these lands,
also called “urban poor communities,” are being evicted by the government.
GLOBALIZATION: A WORKING DEFINITION

1. Is globalization good or bad? What do you

think?
2. Is it beneficial or detrimental? What do you
think?
WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?

• Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people,

companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by 
international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This
process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on 
economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in
societies around the world.

https://www.globalization101.org/what-is-globalization/
WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?

Globalization is the word used to describe the growing interdependence of

the world’s economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-
border trade in goods and services, technology, and flows of investment,
people, and information. 

https://www.piie.com/microsites/globalization/what-is-globalization
GLOBALIZATION: A WORKING DEFINITION

Manfred Steger describes globalization as a process.

It refers to the expansion and intensification of social relations and
consciousness across world-time and world-space.
Expansion refers to both the creation of new social networks and the
multiplication of existing connections that cut across traditional, political,
economic, cultural, and geographic boundaries.
GLOBALIZATION: A WORKING DEFINITION

 Connections occur at different levels.

Example:
1. Social media established new global connections between people.
2. International groups of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are networks that
connect a more specific group – social activists and workers form different corners of
the globe.
GLOBALIZATION: A WORKING DEFINITION

Intensification refers to the expansion, stretching and acceleration of these

networks. Not only are global connections multiplying, they also become
more closely-knit and expanding their reach.
Example:
There is a strong financial market connecting London and New York.
GLOBALIZATION: A WORKING DEFINITION

Manfred Steger notes that “globalization processes do not occur

merely at an objective, material level but they also involve the
subjective plane of human consciousness.”
GLOBALIZATION: A WORKING DEFINITION

Manfred Steger posits that his definition of globalization must be

differentiated with an ideology he calls globalism.
Globalization represents the many processes that allow for the expansion
and intensification of global connections.
Globalism is a widespread belief among powerful people that the global
integration of economic markets is beneficial for everyone , since it spreads
freedom and democracy across the world.
GLOBALIZATION: A WORKING DEFINITION

Arjun Appadurai describes globalization as 'scapes" manifests into" different

kinds of globalization occur on multiple and intersecting dimensions of
integration .
There are different kinds of scapes – ethnoscape, technoscape, mediascape,
financescape and  ideoscape. 
1. Ethnoscape refers to the global movement of people.
2. Technoscape refers to the circulation of mechanical goods and software.
GLOBALIZATION: A WORKING DEFINITION

3. Mediascape refers to the flow of culture.

4. Financescape denotes the global circulation of money.
5. Ideoscape refers to the realm where political ideas move around.
These various scapes are thus distinct windows into the broader phenomenon of
globalization.
Appadurai’s argument is simple: there are multiple globalizations.