Globalization

MODULE 2: GLOBALIZATION
OVERVIEW OF THE MODULE:
This chapter includes Globalization, Global Experiences, Some Descriptions of

Globalization, Globalization: A Working Definition, and Globalization from Ground Up
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the session students are able to:

 Infer comprehension on the Definition of Globalization, Global Experiences, and
Some Descriptions of Globalization
 Attribute the Globalization as a Working Definition
PERIOD:
PRELIM
WEEK:
2nd WEEK
TIME ALLOTMENT:
3 hours /week
CONTENT DISCUSSION:
Dimaano, Patricia (Feb 13, 2020) Gio, Latif, and the Laksa,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0AS65cI0pJA
GLOBALIZATION
As
defined by piie.com (2020) it was told that, “Globalization is the word used to describe
the growing interdependence of the world’s economies, cultures, and populations,
brought about by cross-border trade in goods and services, technology, and flows of
investment, people, and information.” With this term considered, nowadays Nations all
over the World recognize the potentials and specializations of each and every country
adhering in its aim to provide an exceptional quality of life to its own constituents.
GLOBAL EXPERIENCES
Lisandro, Claudio E., and Abinales, Patricio N. (2018) C & E Publishing Inc., 839 EDSA,
South Triangle, Quezon City, Philippines
Gio and Latif’s story is fictional but very plausible since it is in fact, based on the real-life
experience of one of the authors. It was through such friendships that one was able to
appreciate the meaning and impact of globalization.
We begin our definition of globalization with the narrative to illustrate how concrete the
phenomenon is. The story shows how globalization operates at multiple, intersecting
levels. The spread of Filipino TV in Malaysia suggests how fast this popular culture has
proliferated and crisscrossed all over Asia.
The model UN Activity that Gio and Latif participated in is an international competition
about international politics. Gio met Latif (a Malaysian involved in the model UN) in
Sydney, a global city that derives its wealth and influence from the global capital that
flows through it. Sydney is also a metropolis of families of International Immigrants or
foreigners working in the industries that also sell their products abroad. After the two
had gone back to their home countries. Gio and Latif kept in touch through Facebook, a
global social networking site that provides instantaneous communication across
countries and continents. They preserved their friendship online and then rekindled this
face to face in Singapore, another hub for global commerce, with 40 percent of the
population being classified as “foreign talents.” What other hints of globalization did you
find in the story?
SOME DESCRIPTIONS OF GLOBALIZATION

Our discussion should begin with this intuitive sense that something is happening, and it
is not affecting everyone in the same way. Gio’s story is very privileged way of
experiencing global flows, but for other people, the shrinking of the world may not be as
exciting and edifying. For example. It is very common for young women in developing
countries to be recruited in the internet as “mail-order brides” for foreign men living in
other countries. After being promised a good life once married to a kind husband in a
rich city, they end up becoming sexual and domestic servants in foreign lands. Some
were even sold off by their “husbands’ to gangs which run the prostitute rings in these
cities. Like Gio, they too have experienced the shrinking of the world, albeit negatively.
Governments that decide to welcome the foreign investments on the belief that they
provide jobs and capital for the country offer public lands as factory or industrial sites. In
the process, poor people living in these lands, also called “urban poor communities,’ are
being evicted by the government. The irony is that these people forcibly removed from
their “slums” are also labor force sought by foreign companies. They had to be kicked
out of their homes, and then told that they could take an hour or two bus travel from
their relocated communities back to the “old home” for minimum-wage work.
Because different people encounter globalization in a variety of ways, it is deemed

useful to ask simple questions like: “Is globalization good or bad? Is it beneficial or
detrimental? The discussion begins with two premises. First, globalization is a complex
phenomenon that occurs at multiple levels. Second, it is an uneven process that affects
people differently.
GLOBALIZATION: A WORKING DEFINITION
Most accounts view globalization as primarily an economic process. When a newspaper
reports that nationalists are resisting “globalization,” it usually refers to the integration of
the national markets to a wider global market signified by the increased free trade.
When activists refer to the “anti-globalization” movement of the 1990’s, they mean
resisting the trade deals among countries facilitated and promoted by global
organizations like the World Trade Organization.
Globalization scholars do not necessarily disagree with people who criticize unfair
international trade deals or global economic organizations. In fact, many are
sympathetic to the critique of economic globalization. Academics differ from journalists
and political activists, however, because they see globalization in much broader terms.
They view the process through various lenses that consider multiple theories and
perspectives. Academics call this an interdisciplinary approach, and it is this approach
used by the general education (GE) courses that you will be taking alongside this one.
The best scholarly description of globalization is provided by Manfred Stenger who

described the process as “the expansion and intensification of social relations and
consciousness across world-time and across world-space.” Expansion refers to “both
the creation of new social networks and the multiplication of existing connections that
cut across traditional, political, economic, cultural, and geographic boundaries.” These
various connections occur at different levels. Social media, for example, establish new
global connections between people, while international groups of non-governmental
organizations (NGOs) are networks that connect more specific group--- social workers
and activists--- from different corners of the globe. In the story, Gio was able to join a
Model UN competition because his university was a part of an international network.
Intensification refers to the expansion, stretching, acceleration of these networks. Not

only are global connections multiplying, but they are also becoming more closely-knit
and expanding their reach. For example, there has always been a strong financial
market connecting London and New York. With the advent of electronic trading,
however, the volume of that trade increases exponentially, since traders can now trade
more at higher speeds.
The connection is thus accelerating. Apart from this acceleration, however, as the world
becomes more financially integrated, the intensified trading network between London
and New York may expand and stretch to cover more and more cities. After China
committed itself to the global economy in the 1980s for example, Shanghai steadily
returned to its old role as a major trading post.
It is not only in financial matters that you can find these connections. In 2012, when the
monsoon rains flooded much of Bangkok, the Honda plant making some critical car
parts temporarily ceased production. This had a strong negative effect on Honda-USA
which relied heavily on the parts being imported from Thailand. Not only was it unable to
reach the sales targets it laid out, but the ability of the service centers nationwide to
assist Honda owners also suffered. As a result, the Japanese car company’s global
profits also fell.
The final attribute of this definition relates to the way people perceive time and space.
Steger notes that “globalization processes do not occur merely at an objective, material
level but they also involve the subjective plane of human consciousness.” In other
words, people begin to feel that the world has become a smaller place and distance has
collapsed from thousands of miles to just a mouse click away. One can now e-mail a
friend in another country and get a reply instantaneously, and as a result, begins to
perceive their distance as less consequential. Cable TV and the internet has also
exposed one to news from across the globe, so now, he/she has this greater sense of
what is happening in other places.
Steger posits that his definition of globalization must be differentiated with an ideology
he calls globalism. If globalization represents the many processes that allow for the
expansion and intensification of global connections, globalism is a widespread belief
among powerful people that the global integration of economic markets is beneficial for
everyone, since it spreads freedom and democracy across the world.
For now, what is crucial to note is that when activities and journalists criticize
“globalization” they are, more often than not, criticizing some manifestations of
globalism. Often, these criticisms are warranted. Nevertheless, it is crucial to insist that
“globalization’ as a process refers to a larger phenomenon that cannot simply be
reduced to the ways in which global markets have been integrated.
GLOBALIZATION FROM GROUND UP

All this talk of large, intersecting processes may be confusing. Indeed, it may be hard to
assess globalization on comment on it because it is so diffuse and almost fleeting.
Some scholars have, therefore, found it simpler to avoid talking about globalization as a
whole. Instead, they want to discuss “multiple globalizations,” instead of just one
process.
For anthropologist Arjun Appadurai different kinds of globalization occur on multiple and
intersecting dimensions of integration that he calls “scapes.” An “ethnoscape,” for
example, refers to the global movement of people, while a “mediascape” is about the
flow of culture. A “technoscape” refers the circulation of mechanical goods and
software; a “financescape” denotes the global circulation of money; and an “ideoscape”
is the realm where political ideas more around. Although they intersect, these various
scapes have differing logics. They are thus distinct windows into the broader
phenomenon of globalization.
Appadurai’s argument is simple: there are multiple globalizations. Hence, even if one
does not agree not agree that globalization can be divided into the five “scapes,” it is
hard to deny Appadurai’s central thrust of viewing globalization through various lenses.
Depending on what is being globalized, a different dynamic (or dynamics) may emerge.
So while it is important to ask, “What is globalization?
It is likewise important to ask “What is/are being globalized? Depending on what is
being globalized, the vista and conclusion change.
The structure of the lessons that follow will reflect this multidimensional understanding
of globalization. Each of the lessons will focus on a particular kind of globalization.
Every one of them will be about different networks and connections that are expanding
and intensifying in the contemporary world.
Treat each lesson not as an end in itself but as window to the broader phenomenon of
globalization.
LEARNING ACTIVITIES/ RUBRICS:
I. Multiple Choice. DIRECTIONS: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the statements
provided below.
1. For example. It is very common for young women in developing countries to be

recruited in the internet as “mail-order brides” for foreign men living in other countries.
After being promised a good life once married to a kind husband in a rich city, they end
up becoming sexual and domestic servants in foreign lands. Some were even sold off
by their “husbands’ to gangs which run the prostitute rings in these cities.
A. Globalization and Global Experiences
B. Some Descriptions of Globalization
C. Globalization: A Working Definition
D. Globalization from Ground Up
2. The best scholarly description of globalization is provided by Manfred Stenger who

described the process as “the expansion and intensification of social relations and
consciousness across world-time and across world-space.”
3. Intensification refers to the expansion, stretching, acceleration of these networks. Not

only are global connections multiplying, but they are also becoming more closely-knit
and expanding their reach.
4. It may be hard to assess globalization on comment on it because it is so diffuse and

almost fleeting. Some scholars have, therefore, found it simpler to avoid talking about
globalization as a whole. Instead, they want to discuss “multiple globalizations,” instead
of just one process.
5. Governments that decide to welcome the foreign investments on the belief that they
provide jobs and capital for the country offer public lands as factory or industrial sites. In
the process, poor people living in these lands, also called “urban poor communities,’ are
being evicted by the government.
6. The model UN Activity that Gio and Latif participated in is an international competition
about international politics. Gio met Latif (a Malaysian involved in the model UN) in
Sydney, a global city that derives its wealth and influence from the global capital that
flows through it. Sydney is also a metropolis of families of International Immigrants or
foreigners working in the industries that also sell their products abroad.
7. After the two had gone back to their home countries. Gio and Latif kept in touch
through Facebook, a global social networking site that provides instantaneous
communication across countries and continents.
8. Most accounts view globalization as primarily an economic process. When a

newspaper reports that nationalists are resisting “globalization,” it usually refers to the
integration of the national markets to a wider global market signified by the increased
free trade.
9. Expansion refers to “both the creation of new social networks and the multiplication of
existing connections that cut across traditional, political, economic, cultural, and
geographic boundaries.”
10. “Globalization is the word used to describe the growing interdependence of the
world’s economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-border trade in
goods and services, technology, and flows of investment, people, and information.”
II. Essay Writing. DIRECTIONS: Your essay will be scored using the following criteria:
1. Comprehension in given questions (3 points) 2. Clarity of Content (3 points), 3.
Logical Organization of Ideas (2 points), 4. Accuracy in the following conventions (2
points) (Grammar, Capitalization, Punctuation, and Spelling)
Answer the following questions:

1. What is Globalization? Explain your perception of the definition of Globalization?
2. Is the story on Gio and Latif relatable in terms of Globalization?
3. What is your basis for Globalization according to your understanding?

Globalization

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MODULE 2: GLOBALIZATION

OVERVIEW OF THE MODULE:

This chapter includes Globalization, Global Experiences, Some Descriptions of

At the end of the session students are able to:

SOME DESCRIPTIONS OF GLOBALIZATION

Because different people encounter globalization in a variety of ways, it is deemed

The best scholarly description of globalization is provided by Manfred Stenger who

Intensification refers to the expansion, stretching, acceleration of these networks. Not

GLOBALIZATION FROM GROUND UP

LEARNING ACTIVITIES/ RUBRICS:

1. For example. It is very common for young women in developing countries to be

2. The best scholarly description of globalization is provided by Manfred Stenger who

3. Intensification refers to the expansion, stretching, acceleration of these networks. Not

4. It may be hard to assess globalization on comment on it because it is so diffuse and

8. Most accounts view globalization as primarily an economic process. When a

Answer the following questions:

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