CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION

CHAPTER OVERVIEW

Globalization plays a vital role in the economic system of the world. The
world economy is set to be a system of being globalized. What does it mean? It
means that the whole world is increasingly involved in a single market, with
interdependent production, consuming similar goods, and responding to the same
impulses. It also involves spreading ideas, practices, and technologies. The
connectivity across the entire world of economic and cultural life increased
throughout the centuries. However, what is the real concept of globalization and
when did it begin? Does the perspective of every expert differ from one another?
What are some impacts of globalization on developing the world’s economy? Do
you think it is beneficial? Why or why not?

This chapter outlines some of the main dimensions of globalization and

indicates some ways in which they are being studied and criticized by experts. This
chapter is an attempt to open more doors than it closes and to point the reader in
directions that I have found fruitful.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

A. At the end of the unit, the students shall be able to:

1. Examine the various conceptions of globalization
2. Distinguish the different definitions from experts
3. Adopt a working definition of globalization

Lesson Outline

I. Introduction to Globalization

1. Concepts of Globalization
2. Definitions of Globalization from Experts
3. Attributes of Globalization

REFERENCES
Brazalote T., and Leomardo R. (2019). The Contemporary World. C & E Publishing, Inc. Quezon City

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DEFINITION OF TERMS:

Cultural Imperialism – a conviction that there is a better culture.

Globalism - the widespread belief among powerful people that the global
integration of economic markets is beneficial for everyone since it spreads
freedom and democracy across the world.

Globalization - the expansion and intensification of social relations and

consciousness across time and space.

Globality - future social conditions characterized by thick economic, political, and

cultural interconnections and global flows that make currently existing political
borders and economic barriers irrelevant

Global Village – through globalization and communication technology, the world

has become borderless.

LESSON 1 Concepts of Globalization

CONCEPTS OF GLOBALIZATION

DEFINITION OF GLOBALIZATION

● Globalization is comprised of multiple sameness and interconnectedness

that go beyond the nation-states. McGrew (1990)
● Ohmae in 1992 stated, “Globalization means the onset of the borderless
world”(p.14).
● “Globalization is a world in which societies, cultures, politics and economics
have, in some sense, come closer together” – Ray Kiely and Phil Marfleet,
Globalisation and the Third World (London: Routledge, 1998), p.3.
● Globalization is the intensification of economic, political, social, and cultural
relations across borders. – Hans-Henrik Holm and Georg Sorensen (eds.)

Globality

● Globalization as a condition; Future social condition characterized by thick

economic, political, and cultural interconnections and global flows that
make currently existing political borders and economic barriers irrelevant
(Steger (2005).

Introduction to Globalization 2 fmdbeldiadaria

Globalism
● Steger (2014b) Globalization as an Ideology

Appadurai (1996) five dimensions of global cultural flow.

1. Ethnoscape- a global movement of people

2. Mediascape- the flow of culture
3. Technoscape- circulation of mechanical goods and software
4. Finacescape- global circulation of money
5. Ideoscape- the realm of political ideas
➢ Windows into the broader phenomenon of globalization

Globalization is also defined differently depending on someone else’s expertise,

experience, and perspective.

Economics expert globalization means;

- fast speed of trade (importing and exporting are done in just a millisecond
through technology)
- global economic organizations International Monetary Fund (IMF), World
Bank (WB), and World Trade Organization (WTO). International Labor Organization
(ILO), ASEAN, etc.
- multinational and transnational corporations
- free trade (governments not to restrict the importation of products and
the exportation of local products

Culture expert globalization means;

- establishment “global village” (media, Facebook has connected the world)

- “shrinking world” (breaking boundaries)
- cultural imperialism [when one country exercises power over another
through various methods of control) - (Better Culture)
- borderless world
- adoption of other cultures (KPOP)

Introduction to Globalization 3 fmdbeldiadaria

Political science expert globalization serves as a challenge to the
nation-state;

- strengthening of regional blocs (ASEAN) (UN)

- the emergence of global political norms (the norm that each country is entitled
to the exploitation of human resources for its growth)
- the emergence of corporations (businessmen and investors)
- international laws (conflicts)
- world governance

Four Attributes of Globalization

1. Globalization occurs worldwide

2. Intensification and acceleration of social exchanges and activities
3. Expansion and stretching of social relations
4. Various forms of connectivity

A. Globalization occurs worldwide (Every person is a global citizen because he or

she thinks about the issues of the world)
- Think about the world
- Associate ourselves with global trends
- Sense of responsibility

B. Globalization Intensification & acceleration of social exchanges and activities

- Door-to-door mail delivery to FB messages -IG, Snapchat, Twitter

- Live TV telecast
- Travel capacities brought about by low airfares

C. Globalization Expansion & stretching of social relations

- Regional and international non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
Humanitarian Institutions
- Government associations
- multinational companies

D. Globalization has Various forms of connectivity

- They are diverse (economic, political, cultural, etc.

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SYNTHESIS:
Globalization may be defined and conceptualized from different lenses, but an
interdisciplinary definition is necessary. Some scholars consider it as a process, a
condition, or an ideology. Experts from different fields of social sciences also
define globalization based on their specialization or expertise. Every one of them
talks about different networks and connections that are expanding and
intensifying in the contemporary world.

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SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS (SAC) 🎉

Why is it crucial to emphasize that globalization is uneven? Explain with
examples or real-life situations. Type your answer minimum of 300 WORDS

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