Universidad Católica del Cibao

Answer the following questions

1-What is an operating system?

Your computer's operating system (OS) manages all the software and hardware
on the computer. Most of the time, there are several different computer programs
running at the same time, and they all need to access your computer's central
processing unit (CPU), memory, and storage. The operating system coordinates
all of this to make sure each program gets what it needs.

2-What are the main functions of an operating system?

Security

The operating system uses a password protection to protect user data it also
prevents unauthorized access to programs and user data, but for external
functionality we need to install malware software to protect the system.

Control over system performance

The operating system monitors overall system setup to help in improving the
performance and it also records the response time between service requests and
system response so that it has a complete view of the system. This can help
improve performance by providing important information that is needed at the
time of troubleshooting problems.
Job Accounting

Operating systems always keep track of time and resources that are used by
various tasks and users, this information can be used to track resource usage for a
particular user or a group of users.

Error detecting aids

Operating systems constantly monitor the system which helps us to detect errors
and also avoid the malfunctioning of computer systems.

3- Explain the following operating system concepts: Processor scheduling,

multiprogramming, paging/segmentation, and multitasking.

Processor scheduling:

is the allocation of a computer's processor power to specific tasks. The practice

uses the term "scheduling" because it assigns a specific percentage of time the
processor is running to individual tasks

multiprogramming:

is a rudimentary form of parallel processing in which several programs run at the

same time on a uniprocessor system. However, because there is only one
processor, there is no true simultaneous execution of different programs.

Paging:

is a function of memory management where a computer will store and retrieve

data from a device's secondary storage to the primary storage. Memory
management is a crucial aspect of any computing device, and paging specifically
is important to the implementation of virtual memory.

Segmentation:

Segmentation means to divide the marketplace into parts, or segments, which are
definable, accessible, actionable, and profitable and have a growth potential. In
other words, a company would find it impossible to target the entire market,
because of time, cost and effort restrictions.
multitasking.

in a human context, is the practice of doing multiple things simultaneously, such

as editing a document or responding to email while attending a teleconference.
The concept of multitasking began in a computing context.

4- Describe IBM’s contributions to operating system development.

In the late 1990s, the IBM software team began considering the Linux operating
system for its potential to offer an entirely new way of creating mission-critical
enterprise software. Linux is an open-source operating system, developed not by
a company but by thousands of programmers collaborating around the world,
who contribute their time and effort for free. The software is available at no cost
to millions of people who use it in billions of devices and systems. Linux has
proven to the world that open-source software can become as robust as software
developed in traditional ways.

5.Describe the similarities and differences between VM and MVS.

VM:

The virtualized hardware resources are pooled together and made

available to the apps running on the VM. Then, an abstraction layer is
created to decouple the apps from the underlying physical
infrastructure. This means the physical hardware can be changed,
upgraded, or scaled without disrupting the app performance.

A VM will operate as an isolated PC and the underlying hardware can

operate multiple independent, isolated VMs for different workloads.
MVS

Multiple Virtual Storage) is an operating system from IBM that

continues to run on many of IBM's mainframe and large servers. MVS
has been said to be the operating system that keeps the world going
and the same could be said of its successor systems.

6.Describe the influence of the UNIX operating system.

Basically, is an operating system which was first developed in the 1960s, and has
been under constant development ever since. By operating system, we mean the
suite of programs which make the computer work. It is a stable, multi-user,
multi-tasking system for servers, desktops and laptops.

7. Why use an operating system?

The operating system is used everywhere today, such as banks, schools, hospitals,
companies, mobiles, etc. No device can operate without an operating system because it
controls all the user's commands.

9. When was windows 2.0 introduced? December 1987

10. Which O/P system dominate the personal computer and tablets market in the
world? Windows

11. Write what you consider the three main functions of the operation
system(OS)

Manage the computer, their resources and services