VOCABULARY

Breathe/ verb: to move air into and out of the lungs

Breezes/ noun: a light and pleasant wind

Couplet/noun [ C ] :two lines of poetry next to each other, especially ones that rhyme
(= have words with the same sounds) and have the same length and rhythm
Earful/noun: to complain angrily to someone
Plaintive/adjective: used to describe something that sounds slightly sad
Rhythm/noun: a strong pattern of sounds, words, or musical notes that is used in
music, poetry, and dancing
Spurns/verb [ T ] : to refuse to accept something or someone because you feel that
thing or person is not worth having
Stanza/noun [ C ] : a group of lines of poetry forming a unit
Thankless/adjective: A thankless job is difficult or unpleasant,

and people do not
thank you for it
Vain/adjective: unsuccessful; of no value
Aesthetic/adjective: relating to the enjoyment or study of beauty
Alliteration/noun [ U ] : the use, especially in poetry, of the same sound or sounds,
especially consonants, at the beginning of several words that are close together
Blameless/adjective: not responsible for anything bad
Ceased/verb [ I or T ] : to stop something
Daisies/noun [ C ]: a small flower with white petals and a yellow centre that often
grows in grass
Filthy/adjective : extremely or unpleasantly dirty
Selfishness/noun [ U ]: the quality of thinking only of your own advantage
Telemachus: is a figure in Greek mythology, the son of Odysseus and Penelope, and
a central character in Homer's Odyssey.
Trembled/verb [ I ] : to shake slightly in a way that you cannot control, for example
because you are frightened, angry, or excited, or because of illness
Trotskyites : is a theoretical-practical political current of Marxism developed
essentially and initially by Leon Trotsky,
Background/noun : the things that can be seen behind the main things or people in a
picture
Childhood/noun [ C or U ] : the time when someone is a child
Condemn/verb [ T ] : to criticize something or someone strongly, usually for moral
reasons
Enlightening/ adjective : giving you more information and understanding of something
Essay/noun [ C ] : a short piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one done by
students as part of the work for a course
Joyful/adjective : very happy
Merely/adverb : used to emphasize that you mean exactly what you are saying and
nothing more
Metaphor/noun [ C or U ] : an expression, often found in literature, that describes a
person or object by referring to something that is considered to have similar
characteristics to that person or object
Nourishment/noun [ U ] : food that you need to grow and stay healthy
Worthless/adjective : having no value in money
Aphorisms/noun [ C ] : a short clever saying that is intended to express a general
truth
Attractiveness/noun [ U ] : the quality of being very pleasing in appearance or sound
Bothering/verb : to make the effort to do something
Cudgel/noun [ C ] : a short, heavy stick used for hitting people
Emasculation/noun [ U ] : the process of making a man feel less male by taking away
his power and confidence
Hyperbole/noun [ U ] : a way of speaking or writing that makes someone or
something sound bigger, better, more, etc. than they are
Incarnation/noun : a particular life, in religions that believe that we have many lives
Livelihood/noun [ C or U ] : (the way someone earns) the money people need to pay
for food, a place to live, clothing, etc.
Strongly/adverb : very much or in a very serious way
Syntax/noun [ U ] : the grammatical arrangement of words in a sentence
Unfortunate/adjective : unlucky or having bad effects

Carcass/noun [ C ] : the body of a dead animal, especially a large one that is soon to be
cut up as meat or eaten by wild animals
Dingledodies : Film BY Russell Howard
Dreadfully/adverb : extremely badly
Flabbergasted/adjective : feeling shocked, usually because of something you were
not expecting
Furtively/adverb : secretly and often dishonestly
Portray/verb [ T ] : to represent or describe someone or something in a painting, film,
book, or other artistic work
Saplings/noun [ C ] : a young tree
Surrounding/ adjective [ before noun ] : that is everywhere around something
Switches/noun plural: a place on a railway track where the rails (= metal bars on
which the trains travel) can be moved to allow a train to change from one track to
another
Unhappiness/noun [ U ] : the quality of being sad or not satisfied