1.

Liberalism and Institutionalism are theories that also provide perspectives for the
establishment of international organizations. Why and how these two theories explain the
existence of international organizations? Explain the linkages and provide clear discussion.
Liberalism and Institutionalism are two theories which is often linked in explaining how
countries find a way in establishing International Organizations. Liberalism basically revolves
around the liberty of the people; it is the rights of each person and the equality of everyone
before the Law. Liberalism in International Organizations is somehow linked to Institutionalism
as Institutionalism as a school of thought in International Relations explains the mutual gains
each state will benefit if both is engaged in cooperation. This idea of cooperation is also one of
the principles of Liberalism in International Relations. Liberals believe that an establishment of
an International Institution/Organization is an integral part in cooperation among states via
interdependence. That is why both the theories of Liberalism and Institutionalism are linked to
the establishment of different organizations like the United Nations.

2. The League of Nations was doomed to failure right from its start. First, discuss how it was
created. Who initiated it, and why was it doomed to failure. Secondly, discuss, if there are any,
concrete achievements by the League of Nations.
The League of Nations was the first world-wide Intergovernmental organization. The
idea of this driven from the 14 point speech of Woodrow Wilson which envisioned an
organization that was tasked to resolving conflicts like wars which caused a great loss for
nations. It was founded after the First World War to enforce the implementation of the Treaty of
Versailles to attain peace among nations. However, the success of the League of Nations was far-
fetched as the organization was likely to fail. First is even though it aims to support in
disarmament by improving working conditions of workers as well as preventing diseases yet
even the US and other countries are not so convinced if it has the capacity to do so. Second, It is
based on the Treaty of Versailles which in the first place is signed but not accepted by the
majority of the nations. Lastly, Even though the assembly is held yearly, having a small
secretariat as well as implementing different humanitarian work is not deemed as doable by some
countries as well as the US.
Even being short lived, the League of Nations however, having not gaining much
achievements of their goals, Still contributed in the area of International Relations. They settled
different disputes in the areas of Poland and Lithuania. It also includes the Geneva Protocol in
the 1920s to limit what is now known as biological weaponry and World Disarmament
Conference which also later on failed when Adolf Hitler broke off the league. There are no
concrete achievements of the League especially when it was diminished during the WWII other
than being a basis of the creation of the United Nations.

3. Describe the specific contributions of each diplomatic conference during WWII to the creation
of the United Nations.
 There are several Diplomatic conferences that were onset during the Second World War
leading to the creation of the United Nations which paved a way to promote diplomatic
understandings in attaining Peace among countries. Here are the different Conferences:
 St James Palace Conference – resulted with the Declaration of St. James Palace
which highlighted as the watchwords of peace.
 Altantic Charter – was the result of the meetings Churchill and Roosevelt to set
principles that were included in the charter
 Arcadia Conference – Which resulted to pledge for maximum war efforts and
cooperation among nations
 Moscow and Teheran Conference – which resulted to the Moscow Declaration
which calls to the establishment of an International Organization
 Dumbarton Oaks Conference – Calls to carry out Paragraph 4 of the Moscow
Declaration
 Yalta Meeting – decide military plans for the final defeat of Germany
 San Francisco Conference – gave way to the birth/establishment of the United
Nations

4. Why is it said that international relations is essentially a story of Great Power politics?
International Relations is seen as an essential key in the story of the Great Power Politics.
The view of the world rests on the four assumptions that was mentioned by Mearsheimer. First,
The survival of the state is the primary goal of each sovereign nation. This is then resulted to
different invasions and wars which like in the idea of Realism, a nation wants to have influence
to other nations as it seen as holding power which is the second assumption that states would
most likely maximize the means for theme to survive. Third, States are assumed to have some
military power which in turn leads to the fourth assumption that whichever Nation posses the
most economic clout, military might (Great Power) are seen decisive and influential. This is
where International Relations play part in connecting different countries with each other in
achieving their own personal goals.