Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction:
Jose was sent to Manila four months after the
martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za and with Dona
Teodora still in prison. He studied in the
Ateneo Municipal - a college under the
supervision of the Spanish Jesuits. Ateneo
Municipal, a bitter rival of the Dominican-owned
College of San Juan de Letran formerly the
Escuela Pia (Charity School)- for poor boys in
Manila established in 1817, In 1859- name was
changed to Ateneo Municipal by the Jesuits and
later became the Ateneo de Manila.
RIZAL ENTERS ATENEO
• June 10, 1872- Jose, accompanied by
Paciano, went to Manila to take the entrance
examinations on Christian Doctrine, arithmetic,
and reading at the College of San Juan de
Letran, and passed them. His father was the first one who wished him to study at
Letran but he changed his mind and decided to send Jose at Ateneo instead. Father
Margin Fernando, college registrar of Ateneo Municipal, refused to admit Jose because:
He was late for registration and; He was sickly and undersized for his age (11 years
old). Upon the intercession of Manuel Xeres Burgos, nephew of Father Burgos, he was
admitted at Ateneo. Jose adopted the surname Rizal at the Ateneo because their family
name Mercado had come under suspicion of the Spanish authorities. Ateneo was
located in Intramuros, within the walls of Manila. He boarded in a house on Caraballo
Street, 25 min walk from the college. The boarding house was owned by Titay, who
owed Rizal family P300. Jose boarded there to collect part of the debt.
JESUITS SYSTEM OF EDUCATION
• Jesuits trained the character of the student by rigid discipline, humanities and
religious instruction. They heard Mass early in the morning before the beginning of daily
class. Classes were opened and closed with prayers. Students were divided into two
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groups: Roman Empire- consisting of the internos (boarders) with red banners. Second
group, Carthaginian Empire- composed of the externos (non-boarders) with blue
banners each of these empires had its rank. Students fought for positions. With 3
mistakes, opponent‘s position could lose his position. - 1st best: emperor - 2nd best:
tribune - 3rd best: decurion - 4th best: centurion - 5th best: standard-bearer. Ateneo
students‘ uniform is consisted of hemp-fabric trousers´ and striped cotton coat. The coat
was called Rayadillo and was adopted as the uniform for Filipino troops during the days
of the First Philippine Republic.
RIZAL’S FIRST YEAR IN ATENEO (1872-1873)
• Rizal‘s first professor in Ateneo was Fr. Jose Bech. Rizal was placed at the
bottom of the class since he was a newcomer and knows little Spanish. He was an
externo (Carthaginians), occupying the end of the line. But at the end of the month, he
becomes emperor´ of his Empire. He was the brightest pupil in the whole class, and he
was awarded a prize, a religious prize. Rizal took private lessons in Santa Isabel
College during noon recesses to improve his Spanish language paying three pesos for
those extra lessons. He placed second at the end of the year, although all his grades
were still marked Excellent´
SUMMER VACATION (1873)
• Rizal didn‘t enjoy his summer because his mother was in prison so Neneng
(Saturnina) brought him to Tanawan. But without telling his father, he went to Santa
Cruz to visit her mother in prison. He told her of his brilliant grades. After summer, he
returned to Manila and now boarded inside Intramuros at No. 6 Magallanes Street.
Dona Pepay, who had a widowed daughter and 4 sons, was his landlady.
PROPHECY OF MOTHER’S RELEASE
• Dona Teodora told her son of her dream the previous night. Rizal, interpreting
the dream, told her that she would be released from prison in 3 months‘ time. It became
true. Dona Teodora likened his son to the youthful Joseph in the Bible in his ability to
interpret dreams.
• Teenage Interest in Reading. The first favorite novel of Rizal was The Count of
Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas. His boyish imagination was stirred by the sufferings
of Edmond Dantes (the hero) in prison, his spectacular escape from the dungeon of
Chateau de If, his finding a buried treasure in the rocky island of Monte Cristo, and his
dramatic revenge on his enemies who had wronged him. Rizal also read non-fiction.
He persuaded his father to buy a costly set of Cesar Cantu‘s historical work entitled
Universal History. He also read Travels in the Philippines by Dr. Feodor Jagor, a
German scientist-traveler who visited Phil in 1859-60.He was impressed by: Jagor‘s
keen observations of the defects of Spanish colonization; and his prophecy that
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someday Spain would lose the Philippines and that America would come to succeed her
as colonizer.
THIRD YEAR IN ATENEO (1875-76)
• June 16, 1875- He became an interno in Ateneo. Fr. Francisco de Paula
Sanchez, one of his professors, inspired him to study harder and write poetry. Rizal‘s
best professor in Ateneo. Rizal described him as model of uprightness, earnestness,
and love for the advancement of his pupils. He returned to Calamba with 5 medals and
excellent ratings.
(The Battle: Urbiztondo, Terror of Jolo) In 1876, he wrote poems on religion, education
memories and war. (e.g. In Memory of my Town)
• Two reasons: He received the advice of Father Pablo Ramon, Ateneo’s Rector
to study medicine and to be able to cure his mother’s growing blindness.
• He excelled in all subjects in the surveying course in Ateneo.
• He obtained gold medals in agriculture and topography
FINISHES SURVEYING COURSE IN ATENEO
• 1877-1878 Rizal took the vocational course leading to the title of ―perito
agrimensor” (expert surveyor). He passed the final examination in the surveying course
on November 25, 1881. He remained loyal to Ateneo.
LITERARY WORKS (1879)
• Liceo-Artistico-Literario (Artistic-Literary Lyceum) of Manila, a society of literary
men and artists, held a literary contest.
1. A La Juventud Filipino (to the Filipino youth)- a poem written by Rizal, it was the
first prize winner. Two reasons why Rizal‘s poem is a classic in the Philippine
literature: 1. It was the first great poem in Spanish written by the Filipino,
whose merit was recognized by Spanish literary authorities. 2. It expressed for
the first time the nationalistic concept that the Filipino, and not the foreigners,
was the ―fair hope of the fatherland.
RIZAL IN BARCELONA
• May 3, 1882- Rizal departed on
board the Spanish Steamer Salvadora
bound for Singapore. Rizal’s departure
for Spain was kept secret to avoid
detection by the Spanish authorities and
the friars
• June 16, 1882- Rizal finally
reached his destination—Barcelona.
ARTICLES WRITTEN BY RIZAL
• Amor Patrio (Love Of Country) -
a nationalistic essay written by Rizal
under his pen name Laong Laan which
urged his compatriots to love their
fatherland, the Philippines. Basilio Teodoro Moran- publisher of Diariong Tagalog. Other
written articles of Rizal: - Los Viajes (Travels)- second article - Revista de Madrid
(Review of Madrid)- returned to him because the Diariong Tagalog had ceased
publication for lack of funds.
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RIZAL IN MADRID
• November 3, 1882- Rizal enrolled in Universidad Central de Madrid in two
courses- Medicine and Philosophy and Letters. Rizal led a Spartan life in Madrid.
• He also studied in Pain
ting and Sculpture in the Academy of Fine Arts and took lessons in French, German and
English.
CIRCULO HISPANO-FILIPINO (HISPANO-PHILIPPINE CIRCLE)
• Shortly after his arrival, Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino (Hispano-
Philippine Circle), a society of Spaniards and Filipinos.
• “They Ask Me For Verses” (Me Piden Versos) - a poem written by Rizal in
response to the request of the members of the society. It is a sad poem in which Rizal
poured out the cry of his agonizing heart.
RIZAL AS LOVER OF BOOKS
• Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Eugene Sue’s The Wandering Jew -
aroused the sympathy of Rizal to his oppressed and unfortunate people.
RIZAL AS A MASON
• March 1883- Rizal joined the Masonic Lodge Acacia in Madrid under his Masonic
name Dimasalang. Rizal‘s reasons of becoming a mason: 1. the bad friars in the
Philippines, by their abuses unworthy of their priestly habit or calling, drove Rizal to
desperation and Masonry; 2. he needed the help of the Masons to fight the bad friars in
the Philippines, for Masonry, to Rizal, was a shield to use in his fight against the evil
forces of tyranny.
RIZAL IN PARIS, CAPITAL CITY OF FRANCE
• June 17 1883, Rizal sojourn in Paris. He stayed at a cheaper hotel on 124 Rue
de Rennes in the Latin Quarter.
• Like all tourist, Rizal was attracted by the beautiful sights of Paris. He visited
important landmarks like the Place de la Concorde, Arch of Triumph, the Cathedral of
Notre Dame and others. Rizal improved his mind by observing closely the French way
of life. He spent his hours in museums, botanical garden and art galleries. According to
Rizal “Paris is the costliest capital in Europe.” Prices of food, drinks, theatre, laundry,
hotels and transportation were too high.
• Two hospitals where Rizal made some observations:
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Laennec Hospital- where Rizal observed Dr. Nicaise treating his patients
Lariboisiere Hospital- where Rizal observed the examination of different diseases of
women.
• August 20, 1883 he returned to Madrid and continues with his studies.
RIZAL’S SALUTE TO LUNA AND HIDALGO.
• In the evening of June 25, 1884, a banquet was sponsored by the Filipino
community to celebrate the double victory of the Filipino artist in the National Exposition
of Fine Arts in Madrid - Luna’s Spoliarium winning the first prize and Hidalgo’s Christian
Virgins Exposed to the Populace second prize. Rizal was the guest speaker. It was a
magnificent speech of Rizal, he saluted Luna and Hidalgo being the two glories of Spain
and the Philippines. He also assailed with refined sarcasm the bigotry and blindness of
certain unworthy Spaniards who could not comprehend the universality of Genius.
STUDIES COMPLETED IN SPAIN
• June 21, 1884- conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine. He was not
awarded his Doctor‘s diploma due to the fact that he did not present the thesis required
for graduation nor paid the corresponding fees.
June 19, 1885- Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters with the rating of
“Excellent”(Sobresaliente).
PARIS (1885-1886)
• He was 24 years old and already a physician, he went to Paris to obtain
knowledge in Ophthalmology. In November 1885, he worked for four months as an
assistant to Dr. Louis de Weckert, a leading French ophthalmologist.
• Outside of his working hours, he also found time to relax and be with his good
friends like the Pardo de Taveras, Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo. At the
studio of Juan Luna, he improved his painting technique. He became a model to Juan
Luna’s several paintings. In the home of the Pardo de Tavera, Rizal played the flute, he
admitted that he had no natural aptitude for music.
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GERMANY
IN HEIDELBERG
• In February 1886, Rizal left Paris and went to Germany. He arrived in
Heidelberg, a historic city in Germany famous for its old university and romantic
surroundings.
• He lived near the University of Heidelberg and worked as an assistant to Dr. Otto
Becker at the University Eye Hospital. Outside his apprenticing hours, he also listened
to lectures delivered by Dr. Becker and Prof. Wilhelm Kuchne.
• Rizal devoted his free time visiting Heidelberg Castle, Neckar River, the theatre
and some old churches found in the city. The Neckar River and the beautiful spring
flowers blooling along its banks reminded him of how dearly he missed Calamba.
• April 22, 1886, Rizal wrote a touching poem entitled To the Flowers of
Heidelberg.
IN WILHELMSFELD
• A mountainous village near Heidelberg where Rizal spent his summer vacation.
• Rizal lived with the family of Pastor Karl Ullmer, a Protestant pastor who became
his good friend and admirer. The pleasant personality and talents in languages and
sketching endeared him to the Ullmer’s family.
• For three months he enjoyed the hospitality and kindness of the family.
• June 25, 1886, he returned to Heidelberg.
FIRST LETTER TO BLUMENTRITT
• July 31, 1886 Rizal wrote his first letter in German to Professor Ferdinand
Blumentritt, Director of the Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austria. Rizal wrote to him after
learning that this ethnologist was interested in the Tagalog language. He sent him a
book entitled Arithmetica. Published in 2 languages- Spanish and Tagalog. By UST
Press of 1868. Author was Rufino Baltazar Hernandez a native of Santa Cruz, Laguna.
Ferdinand reciprocated the thoughtful gesture of Rizal by sending him two books. The
exchanged marked the beginning of their long and beautiful friendship.
IN LEIPZIG
• In August 1886, Rizal arrived in Leipzig. He stayed here for two months doing a
lot of writing and translating.
• He very much liked what he saw, the magnificent buildings, wide and clean
streets and amiable people.
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• William Tell- written by Schiller, Rizal translated it from German into Tagalog so
that Filipino might know the story of the champion of Swiss independence.
• Hans Andersen’s Fairy Tales - Rizal also translated this in Tagalog for his
nephews and nieces.
• Because of his knowledge of German, Spanish, and other European languages,
Rizal worked as proof-reader in a publishing firm.
• He attended some lectures on history and psychology at the University of Leipzig
and met Professor Friedrich Ratzel- a famous German historian and Dr. Hans Meyer-
German anthropologist. They had become his friends.
IN BERLIN
• In November 1886, Rizal arrived in Berlin. He was enchanted by this city
because of its scientific atmosphere and the absence of racial prejudice.
• Dr. Feodor Jagor - Rizal met for the first time this celebrated German scientist-
traveler and author of Travels in the Philippines, a book which Rizal read and admired
during his student days in Manila.
• Dr. Rudolf Virchow- a famous German anthropologist. (Dr. Jagor, introduced
Rizal to Dr. Virchow)
• Dr. Ernest Schweigger (1830-1905)- famous German ophthalmologist where
Rizal worked
• Rizal became a member of the Anthropological Society, the Ethnological Society,
and the Geographical Society of Berlin, upon the recommendation of Dr. Jagor and Dr.
Meyer
• Tagalische Verkunst (Tagalog Metrical Art)- Rizal wrote this scholarly paper in
German which he read before the society in April 1887. This paper was published by
the society in the same year, and elicited favorable comments from all scientific quarters
GERMAN WOMEN AND THEIR CUSTOMS
• Rizal wrote a letters addressed to his sister, Trinidad. He said that German
woman is serious, diligent, educated, and friendly. She is not gossipy, frivolous and
quarrelsome.
• Aside from women, Rizal admired the German customs. The Christmas custom
of the German delighted him most of his yuletide custom he wrote on Christmas eve.
Another interesting German custom observed by Rizal is self-introduction to strangers in
a social gathering.
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• June 19, 1887- Rizal treated Viola to a blow-out. It was his 26th birthday. Rizal
and Viola spent fifteen delightful days in Geneva.
• June 23, 1887- Viola and Rizal parted ways—Viola returned to Barcelona while
Rizal continued the tour to Italy
• June 27, 1887- Rizal reached Rome, the “Eternal City” and also called the “City
of the Caesars. After a week of wonderful sojourn in Rome, Rizal prepared to return to
the Philippines.
TOPIC 5- FIRST RETURN TO THE PHILIPPINES 1887-1888
TRAVEL TO THE PHILIPPINES
The stunning beauty of the European lands did not stop Rizal from continuously adoring
his native land. After the Noli Me Tangere was published, he decided to return to
Calamba despite the many warning he received from friends and relatives alike.
• He had four reasons for returning to the Philippines:
a) To perform an operation on Dona Teodora’s eyes;
b) To defend his oppressed countrymen more effectively than doing so in a foreign
land;
c) To find out how his Noli was received by the Filipinos and Spaniards; and
d) To know the reason for Leonor Rivera’s long silence.
• July 3, 1887, Rizal left Marseilles (France), it was his first return to the Philippines
after leaving it to study in Spain five years ago.
• August 6, 1887, he arrived in Manila and visited some friends.
AT HIS HOMETOWN
• August 8, 1887, he reached Calamba. He opened a medical clinic and restored
his mother’s vision. Such “miraculous” news spread throughout the community like wild
fire, thus, his clinic was flocked by people aspiring for a better eyesight. Newly arrived
from Germany, he began to be known as “ Doctor Uliman” (from the word Aleman) and
soon he acquired a lucrative medical practice. He earned $900 from his services as
physician.
• Rizal opened a gymnasium for young folks, where he introduced European
sports to discourage his town mates from idleness and gambling.
• He also took part in Calamba’s civic affairs and on his spare time made paintings
of the towns landscapes and translated the German poems of Von Wildernath into
Tagalog.
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• His happy days at Calamba was marred with the death of his older sister,
Olimpia, and to see Leonor Rivera. His family begged him not to see her at her
hometown in Camiling because of increasing concerns about his safety. Also Leonor’s
mother objected to their relationship.
THE CONTROVERSY OVER THE NOLI
• Copies of the Noli Me Tangere had arrived at the Philippines weeks before
Rizal’s return to the Philippines. Some of copies of his book fell into the hands of the
Spaniards especially the friars. They found the novel “heretical, impious, and
scandalous in the religious order and anti-patriotic, subversive of public order, injurious
to the government of Spain and its function in the Philippine Islands in the political
order”.
• The controversy over the novel had reached the office of Governor General
Emilio Terrero. He requested Rizal to come to Malacańang Palace. Rizal met Governor
General Emilio Terrero who informed him of the charges against him. As a defense,
Rizal told Terrero that Noli only expose reality. Not having read the book yet and out of
curiosity, the governor general asked for a copy of the controversial novel, which he
later confessed that he enjoyed reading. He saw no problem on the book, yet to protect
Rizal’s life which was then in danger, he assigned Jose Taviel de Andrade, a young
Spanish lieutenant, as Rizal’s personal bodyguard. The friars asked Governor General
Terrero to deport him, but the latter refused because there was no valid charge against
Rizal in court.
• While still in Calamba, Rizal was seen as a troublemaker. There are groundless
tales circulated by his enemies that he was “a German spy, an agent of Bismarck, a
Protestant, a Mason, a witch, a soul beyond salvation, etc.” Realizing that his family’s
and friend’s safety were risked; and that his fight against the Spaniards have better
chance of winning if he’d stay abroad, Rizal, six months after, finally decided to sail
back to Europe. His plan was to return to Europe via Hong Kong, Macao, Japan and the
United States
TOPIC 6- TRAVELS IN ASIA ( HONG KONG, MACAU AND JAPAN) AND THE U.S.
FIRST TRIP TO HONG KONG AND MACAU
• On February 3, 1888, with a heavy heart, Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong. His
powerful enemies refused to give him peace and quiet. Anonymous letters with threats
on his life were sent to his parents’ house in Calamba.
• On February 8, 1888- Rizal arrived in Hong Kong and he was welcomed by
Filipino residents.
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• Jose Sainz de Varranda, Terrero’s former secretary, followed Rizal in the said
British colony, and was believed to be commissioned by the Spanish authorities to spy
on the hero.
• While in Hong Kong, Rizal engaged in cultural activities. Among the experiences
while he observed were:
a) The Chinese way of celebrating their New Year, which included making noise
and exploding firecrackers to drive away evil spirits;
b) Chinese lauriat parties, where they served many different types of dishes;
c) Chinese theatres which used symbolisms and noisy music to entertain an equally
noise audience;
d) He also managed to visit different churches and cemeteries that were owned by
Catholics, Protestants, and Muslims.
• On February 18-21, 1888, Rizal also visited Macau, a Portuguese colony near
Hong Kong. He was invited to stay at the residence of Don Juan Francisco Lecaros,
who was a former Filipino delegate to the Spanish Cortes. For two days, Rizal enjoyed
being a tourist and visited different cultural places which included churches, botanical
gardens, theaters and the Macao Casino.
• February 22, 1888- Rizal left Hong Kong, his destination was Japan.
IN JAPAN
• February 28, 1888- Rizal arrived in Yokohama, the next day he went to Tokyo
and stayed at Tokyo Hotel for six days.
• Shortly after his arrival, Juan Perez Caballero-secretary of the Spanish Legation,
visited Rizal at his hotel who latter invited him to live at the Spanish Legation. Rizal
being an intelligent man, realized that the Spanish diplomatic authorities were instructed
from Manila to keep track of his activities. Since it was economical to stay at the
legation and he believed that he had nothing to hide, he accepted it.
• March 7, 1888- Rizal checked out of Tokyo Hotel and lived at the Spanish
Legation
• Rizal was impressed by the scenic Japan and had keenly observed the life,
customs, and culture of the people. The things which favourably impressed Rizal in
Japan were: the beauty of the country; the cleanliness, politeness, and industry of the
Japanese people; the picturesque dress and simple charm of the Japanese women;
there were very few thieves in Japan; beggars were rarely seen in the city, streets,
unlike in Manila and other cities.
• April 13, 1888, Rizal left Japan and boarded the Belgic, bound for the United
States.
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• May 1888-March 1889- He spent ten months (10) in the reading room of the
British Museum deeply immersed in his historical studies in London. This was the
greatest achievement of Rizal in London, the annotating of Morga’s book, Sucesos de
las Islas Filipinas (Historical Events of the Philippine Islands), which was published in
Mexico, 1609.
the other hand, the bad news were that the Filipino signatories of the “ Petition of 1888”
and the tenants of the Calamba agrarian trouble were facing persecution; that his
brothers-in-law Manuel T. HIdalgo and Mariano Herbosa, were exiled to Bohol and was
denied Christian burial, respectively; and his friend, Laureno Viadoa, a UST medical
student, was imprisoned for possessing some copies of his Noli.
IN PARIS
• It was mid-March 1899, Rizal decided to move to Paris. He noticed that Parisian
life was different from the life he experienced in London. It was a city bursting with
merriment, exciting events, and unending social gathering. The cost of living was also
very high.
• Rizal never lost his focus although life in Paris was gay, he continued to spend
long hours at the National library in Paris. There, he went on reviewing and rewriting his
historical annotations on De Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. It was published on
January 1890. He also wrote a satirical booklet entitled Por Telefono, in answer to Fr.
Salvation Fort, a Spanish friar who hurled attacks on the Noli Me Tangere and caused
its banning.
• He continued his study on various languages especially the French language,
which he was able to perfect during his 10 months stay at the French capital city.
• He organized a social club called Kidlat Club , a social club which brought
together young Filipinos residing in Paris. Soon, the members of the said club founded
a new Filipino society - the Indios Bravos, an organization which envisioned Filipinos
being recognized by Spain for being excellent in various fields of knowledge.
• In between his more serious activities, Rizal also had leisurely activities like
socializing with friends in their homes. Among those he frequently visited were the
homes of the Pardo de Taveras, the Venturas, the Lunas, the Bousteads and others.
• Although Rizal lived a frugal life, he prepared a sumptuous Christmas dinner for
some of his friends. Shortly after New Year, he visited London for the last time
In BRUSSELS
• January 28, 1890, left Paris for Brussels. He left the extravagant and gay social
life in Paris and stayed in a boarding house owned by the Jacoby sisters in Brussels.
• From 1889- 1890, Rizal continued contributing for La Solidaridad under the
pseudonyms Dimas Alang and Laong Laan. Among the 10 articles he had contributed
below were some of the most famous and important articles:
a) The Philippines Within a Century-article written by Rizal which he expressed his
views on the Spanish colonization in the Philippines.
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• December 1890, Rizal received a letter from Leonor Rivera announcing her
coming marriage to Henry Kipping, an Englishman (the choice of her mother).This was
a big blow for him and his heart broke.
• Another marked event in Madrid was the Marcelo H. del Pilar-Jose Rizal rivalry
for leadership in the Asociacion Hispano Filipino. A fraction emerged from the Filipinos
in Madrid, the Rizalistas and Pilaristas. The group decided that the leader must be
elected by two-thirds vote. Rizal won the election, he was offered the appointment but
he did not want to see the Filipinos in Madrid divided so he thought it best to leave the
city.
• Rizal took a vacation in the resort city of Biarritz on the fabulous French Riviera.
He was a guest of the rich Boustead family at its winter residence—Villa Eliada. The
one month vacation in this city worked wonders for Rizal. This is where he was able to
finish his second novel El Filibusterismo.
• March 30, 1891, Rizal bade farewell to the hospitable and friendly Bousteads and
proceeded to Paris by Train. He stayed at the home of his friend Valentin Ventura.
• December 1, 1891- Rizal wrote his parents asking their permission to return
home. Rizal had a continued correspondence with his family in Calamba and had been
aware of the unsettled agrarian problem. On the same date, his brother-in-law, Manuel
T. Hidalgo, sent him a letter relating the sad news of the “deportation of twenty-five
persons from Calamba, including father, Neneng, Sisa, Lucia, Paciano and the rest of
us.”
FAMILY REUNION IN HONG KONG
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• The Christmas of 1891 in Hong Kong was one of the happiest Yuletide
celebrations in Rizal’s life, he had a happy family reunion.
• While in Hongkong, Rizal practiced his medical career. With the help of his
friend, Dr Lorenzo P. Marquez, they built a large clientele and opened a medical clinic
where he was recognized as an excellent eye surgeon. He was equally supported and
aided both morally and financially by his family and friends with his chosen career.
• Another marked event during Rizal’s stay in Hongkong was his plan to move the
landless Filipino to Borneo and transform the said wilderness into a “New Calamba”
through the so-called Borneo Colonization Project.
• In April 1802, he visited Borneo and negotiated with the British authorities who
are willing to provide 100,000 acres of land for the Filipinos. Many Filipino patriots found
this project amusing, thus, promoted the said project. However, there were a number
who objected it, one of which was Rizal’s brother-in-law, Hidalgo.
• Twice did Rizal wrote a letter addressed to Governor General Eulogio Despujol
informing his Borneo colonization project, with whom he received no response. Instead,
Despujol commanded the Spanish consul-general in Hongkong to notify Rizal that such
project was very unpatriotic, and by immigrating Filipinos to Borneo, the Philippines will
surely be lacking of laborers.
• Despite the many oppositions from friends and relatives, he decided to return to
Manila on the following reasons:
conveniently romanced other girls and forgot he was engaged to her. Eventually the
Leonor Rivera-Rizal engagement did not survive the long-distance romance. In the end,
it turned into an idealized one (reflected as Maria Clara in Rizal’s novel, Noli me
Tangere), a painful love match doomed to fail from the very start. Yes, count this one as
real love. As an engaged couple, they showed real affection for each other while it
lasted.
Sei-San. Rizal was attracted by her regal loveliness and charm. Rizal saw in her the
qualities of his ideal womanhood—beauty, charm, modesty and intelligence. Rizal was
almost tempted to settle in Japan with O-Sei-San. Although, she was very dear to him,
his love for his country and fellow Filipinos was greater. Sacrificing his personal
happiness, Rizal had to carry on his libertarian mission in Europe, leaving behind the
lovely O-Sei-San.
“O Sei San, sayonara, sayonara! …. No woman like you has ever loved me. …
Like the flower of the chodji that falls from the stem whole and fresh without stripping
leaves or withering... you have not lost your purity nor have the delicate petals of your
innocence faded--sayonara, sayonara.” Rizal.
TOPIC 6- TRAVELS IN ASIA ( HONG KONG, MACAU AND JAPAN) AND THE U.S.
A. What are the places that he visited in Asia? What were his impressions about
these cities and what did he learned about their culture?
B. What did he accomplished in visiting these cities?
c) RIZAL’S TRAVEL -
http://www.joserizal.ph/tr01.html
https://travels-of-rizal.weebly.com/blog/life-and-travels-of-jose-rizal
https://thetravelingtitasofmanila.com/2017/11/17/chasing-rizal-in-madrid/
g) RIZAL'SROMANCES- http://thelifeandworksofrizal.blogspot.com/2012/02/rizals-
romances.html
_____6. What was the first written poem of Rizal, which was dedicated to his mother on
her birthday.
a. Mi Primera Inspiracion c. They Asked Me for Verses
b. To the Filipino Youth d. A La Juventud Filipina
_____ 7. What is the mission of Jose Rizal why he decided to pursue his studies in
Spain?
I. To observe keenly the life and culture, languages and customs, industries and
commerce, and governments and laws of the European nations.
II. In order to prepare himself in the mighty task of liberating his oppressed people from
Spanish tyranny.
III. To be accepted by the Spaniards and free from oppression.
a. I & III b. II only c. I & II d. II & III
_____ 8. Who is the first editor and publisher of La Solidaridad?
a. Graciano Lopez Jaena c. Marcelo H. Del Pilar
b. Jose Maria Panganiban d. Dominador Gomez
_____ 9. Which of the following choices is the cultural organization formed in 1872 by
Filipino expatriates in Europe?
a. KKK c. Circulo Hispano
b. Propaganda movement d. La Solidaridad
_____10. Which of the following choices is an organization created in Spain which aims
to increase Spanish awareness of the needs of its colony and propagate a closer
relationship between the colony and Spain?
a. KKK c. Circulo Hispano
b. Propaganda movement d. La Solidaridad
b.) Written Document Analysys
Direction: Read the following supplementary readings. Answer the written document
analysis worksheet.
a) Class Activity 1: Read Jose Rizal’s Brindis Speech
file:///C:/Users/home/Documents/GEC%209%20-%20PREPARATION%20FOR
%20SYLLABUS%20etc/MODULE%20FOR%20CHAPTER%204/Jose%20Rizal's
%20BRINDIS%20SPEECH.pdf
Republic of the Philippines
ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY
Echague, Isabela
9. References
Books
Ocampo, A. R. (2000). Rizal: Without the Overcoat. Pasig City: Anvil Publishing, Inc.
Purino, A. P. (2008). Rizal, Thre Greatest Filipino Hero. Manila: Rex Book Store.
Viana, A. e. (2011). jose Rizal Social Reformer and Patriot. Manila: Rex Book Store.
Zaide, G. a. (2008). Jose Rizal: Life Works and Writings of a Genius, Writer, Scientist
and National Hero. Quezon City: All Nations Publishing Co. Inc.
Electronic Sources:
http://thelifeandworksofrizal.blogspot.com/p/rare-issues.html
http://msc.edu.ph/centennial/solidaridad.html
https://www.philippine-history.org/la-solidaridad.htm
https://www.oocities.org/mcc_joserizal/reform_lasolidaridad.html
http://thelifeandworksofrizal.blogspot.com/2012/02/rizals-romances.html
http://www.joserizal.ph: http://www.joserizal.ph/in01.html
Jose Rizal's Brindis Speech: A Toast Honoring Juan Luna and Felix
Resurreccion Hidalgo
Jose Rizal's Brindis Speech: A Toast Honoring Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo
Republic of the Philippines
ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY
Echague, Isabela
The following is the English translation of the full text of Rizal's brindis or toast
speech delivered at a banquet in the Restaurant Inglés, Madrid, on the evening of
June 25, 1884 in honor of Juan Luna, winner of the gold medal for his painting,
“El Spoliarium,” and Felix Resurrección Hidalgo, winner of a silver medal, for his
painting “Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho” at a Exposición Nacional
de Bellas Artes de Madrid.
This was taken from Gems of Philippine oratory; selections representing fourteen
centuries of Philippine thought, carefully compiled from credible sources in
substitution for the pre-Spanish writings destroyed by missionary zeal, to
supplement the later literature stunted by intolerant religious and political
censorship, and as specimens of the untrammeled present-day utterances, by
Austin Craig, page 34-37, University of Manila, 1924.
In rising to speak I have no fear that you will listen to me with superciliousness, for you
have come here to add to ours your enthusiasm, the stimulus of youth, and you cannot
but be indulgent. Sympathetic currents pervade the air, bonds of fellowship radiate in all
directions, generous souls listen, and so I do not fear for my humble personality, nor do
I doubt your kindness. Sincere men yourselves, you seek only sincerity, and from that
height, where noble sentiments prevail, you give no heed to sordid trifles. You survey
the whole field, you weigh the cause and extend your hand to whomsoever like myself,
Republic of the Philippines
ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY
Echague, Isabela
desires to unite with you in a single thought, in a sole aspiration: the glorification of
genius, the grandeur of the fatherland!
Such is, indeed, the reason for this gathering. In the history of mankind there are names
which in themselves signify an achievement-which call up reverence and greatness;
names which, like magic formulas, invoke agreeable and pleasant ideas; names which
come to form a compact, a token of peace, a bond of love among the nations. To such
belong the names of Luna and Hidalgo: their splendor illuminates two extremes of the
globe-the Orient and the Occident, Spain and the Philippines. As I utter them, I seem to
see two luminous arches that rise from either region to blend there on high, impelled by
the sympathy of a common origin, and from that height to unite two peoples with eternal
bonds; two peoples whom the seas and space vainly separate; two peoples among
whom do not germinate the seeds of disunion blindly sown by men and their despotism.
Luna and Hidalgo are the pride of Spain as of the Philippines-though born in the
Philippines, they might have been born in Spain, for genius has no country; genius
bursts forth everywhere; genius is like light and air, the patrimony of all: cosmopolitan as
space, as life and God.
The Philippines' patriarchal era is passing, the illustrious deeds of its sons are not
circumscribed by the home; the oriental chrysalis is quitting its cocoon; the dawn of a
broader day is heralded for those regions in brilliant tints and rosy dawn-hues; and that
race, lethargic during the night of history while the sun was illuminating other continents,
begins to wake, urged by the electric' shock produced by contact with the occidental
peoples, and begs for light, life, and the civilization that once might have been its
heritage, thus conforming to the eternal laws of constant evolution, of transformation, of
recurring phenomena, of progress.
This you know well and you glory in it. To you is due the beauty of the gems that circle
the Philippines' crown; she supplied the stones, Europe the polish. We all contemplate
proudly: you your work; we the inspiration, the encouragement, the materials furnished.
They imbibed there the poetry of nature-nature grand and terrible in her cataclysms, in
her transformations, in her conflict of forces; nature sweet, peaceful and melancholy in
her constant manifestation-unchanging; nature that stamps her seal upon whatsoever
she creates or produces. Her sons carry it wherever they go. Analyze, if not her
characteristics, then her works; and little as you may know that people, you will see her
in everything moulding its knowledge, as the soul that everywhere presides, as the
spring of the mechanism, as the substantial form, as the raw material.
It is imposible not to show what one feels; it is impossible to be one thing and to do
another. Contradictions are apparent only; they are merely paradoxes. In El Spoliarium -
on that canvas which is not mute-is heard the tumult of the throng, the cry of slaves, the
metallic rattle of the armor on the corpses, the sobs of orphans, the hum of prayers, with
as much force and realism as is heard the crash of the thunder amid the roar of the
Republic of the Philippines
ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY
Echague, Isabela
cataracts, or the fearful and frightful rumble of the earthquake. The same nature that
conceives such phenomena has also a share in those lines.
Like sickly nurses, corrupted and corrupting, these opponents of progress pervert the
heart of the people. They sow among them the seeds of discord, to reap later the
harvest, a deadly nightshade of future generations.
But, away with these woes! Peace to the dead, because they are dead breath and soul
are lacking them; the worms are eating them! Let us not invoke their sad remembrance;
let us not drag their ghastliness into the midst of our rejoicing! Happily, brothers are
more-generosity and nobility are innate under the sky of Spain-of this you are all patent
proof. You have unanimously responded, you have cooperated, and you would have
done more, had more been asked.
Seated at our festal board and honoring the illustrious sons of the Philippines, you also
honor Spain, because, as you are well aware, Spain's boundaries are not the Atlantic or
Republic of the Philippines
ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY
Echague, Isabela
the Bay of Biscay or the Mediterranean-a shame would it be for water to place a barrier
to her greatness, her thought. (Spain is there-there where her beneficent influence i"s
exerted; and even though her flag should disappear, there would remain her memory-
eternal, imperishable. What matters a strip of red and yellow cloth; what matter the guns
and cannon; there where a feeling of love, of affection, does not flourish-there where
there is no fusion of ideas, harmony of opinion?