Gas

 It has a mass
 Take shape & volume of their container
 Compressible(they are separated by the great distance )
 Move through each other easily
 Exert pressure
 It has much lower densities than liquids & solids
 The density of a gas is usually measured in grams per liter (g/L)

Kinetic Molecular Theory

 Has 4 assumptions
Particles move in rapids, random, straight line motion
Elastic collision
 When they hit another & the walls of container
They are separate by great distances (the gas is mostly empty space)
therefore the volume of the gas molecule is negligible
Gas molecules do not attract or repel one another (they go farther
away to each other)

Robert Boyles (1927-1691)

 Proponent of Boyles Law
 Which states that there is an inverse relationship between the pressure
of a gas increased at a constant temperature, the volume it occupies
will decrease proportionally
 A gas law he created & discovered that the volume of gas decreases
with increasing pressure & vice versa ( the famous Boyles law)
 In 1662 he 1st observed the Relationship between Pressure and volume
 He found that if the pressure of a gas is increased at a constant
temperature, the volume it occupies will decrease proportionally
Pressure
 Force per unit area
 Physical force exerted on or against an object by something in contact
with it.

Units:
2
1Pa = 1N/m
1 atm= 760mmHg=760 torr
1 atm= 101.325 Pa

Volume(V)
 Amount of space being occupied

Units:

Liter (L)
Milliliter (mL)
3
Cubic centimeter (cm )
3
Cubic meter (m )
3
Cubic decimeter (dm )

Temperature
 Most familiar measurement
 When temperature is involve gasses will always express it to Kelvin

Units:

Fahrenheit (F)
o
Celsius Degree( C)
Kelvin (K)
Amount (mole)
 The mass of the gas is related to the number of moles

Units:

Kilogram(Kg)
Gram (G)

Boyles Law
 It is significant because it explains how gas behave

Formulas:

1
P1V1=P2V2 P ∝ -Pressure is inversely related to volume
V

Pv=k-Pressure multiplied by volume equals the k constant

Where:

P=Pressure
V=Volume
K=the proportionality constant
∝=inversely proportional

Example
A 2.5 L has a gas pressure of 4.6 atm. If the volume is decreased to 1.6
L. What will be the new pressure inside the container?
Given: Formula: Solution:
V1=2.5L P1V1=P2V2 P2=P1V1/V2
P1=4.6 atm P2=P1 V1/V2 = (4.6ATM) (2.5L)/(1.6L)
V2=1.6L =11.5 ATM/L ÷1..6L
P2=? =7.19 ATM
A gas occupies 11.2 L at 0.860 atm. What is the pressure if the volume
becomes 15.0 L?
Given: Formula: Solution:
P1=0.860 P1V1=P2V2 P2=P1 V1/V2
(0.860 atm)(11.2 l)
V1=11.2 P2=P1 V1/V2 =0.642 atm
(15.0 l )
V2=15.0
P2=?
A gas occupies 12.3 L at a pressure of 40.0 mmHg. What is the volume
when the pressure is increase to 60.00mmHg?
Given: Formula: Given:
P1=40.0 mmHg P1V1=P2V2 V2=V1 P1/P2
(12.3 L)( 40.0 mmHg)
P2=60.0 mmHg V2=V1 P1/P2 =8.2 L
( 15.0mmHg)
V1=12.3 L
V2=?