D. J. SINDH GOVT.

SCIENCE COLLEGE, KARACHI

H.S.C. Preliminary Examination, (2023) 05-04-23
Time: 03 hours Physics Paper-II Maximum Marks: 85

SECTION A
(MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS – MARKS 17)

Q.1. Select the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:
(i)At normal temperatures, due to puncture, the compressed air inside the tube of a car wheel suddenly starts coming out. Then, the air
inside the tube
* starts becoming hotter * remains at the same temperature
* starts becoming cooler * may become hotter or cooler depending on humidity
(ii) When the temperature of the source and sink of a heat engine becomes equal, the efficiency(η) of the engine will be
* η = 100% * 100% <η< 50% * 50% <η< 0% * η = 0%
(iii) Which of the following unbalance charge cannot exist independently?
* -4.1 x 10-19 C * -11.2 x 10-19 C * 17.6 x 10-19 C * 24.0 x 10-19 C
(iv) The equivalent capacitance of two capacitors is 2μF when two capacitors are connected in series. If one capacitor has 3μF
capacitance, the capacitance of the second capacitor would be
* 2μF * 4μF * 6μF * 8μF
(v) An ideal semiconductor diode behaves as a perfect __________ when forward biased.
* super-conductor * Conductor * Insulator * Metalloid
(vi) There are six resistors of 55.7Ω. What would be the ratio of maximum to minimum equivalent resistance?
* 33:42 * 16:71 83:5 * 36:1
(vii) Let a proton and an alpha particle moving with the same kinetic energy normally enter the same uniform magnetic field. The radii
of their circular paths will be in the ratio of
* 4: 1 * 1: 2 * 2: 1 * 1: 1
(viii) A charge of 0.2 C moves with a velocity 𝑣⃗= (3î + 4𝑗̂) m/s in a uniform magnetic field of B = 5 𝑘̂T. What is the magnetic force
experienced by the charge?
* (4î + 3𝒋̂) N * (4î - 3𝒋̂) N * (3î - 4𝒋̂) N * (-4î - 3𝒋̂) N
(ix) Internal resistance of an ideal voltmeter is
* zero * infinite * small * large
(x) An electron, a proton, and an alpha particle. All have the same kinetic energy. Which of the following relationship is true for their
wavelengths?
* 𝛌e = 𝛌α = 𝛌p * 𝛌e<𝛌α<𝛌p * 𝛌e>𝛌p>𝛌α * 𝛌e<𝛌α>𝛌p
(xi) The threshold energy for material in the photoelectric effect is 2 x 10-16joule if the incident radiation has energy
5 x 10-16 joule. What would be the kinetic energy of photo-electrons in keV?
* 1.6 * 1.9 * 2.1 * 2.4
(xii) In a ruby laser, the color of laser light is due to _______ atoms.
* Oxygen * Aluminum * Xenon * Chromium
(xiii) The ratio of the energies of an electron in the ground state of hydrogen-atom to its energy in the second excited state
* 4: 1 * 1: 4 * 4: 9 * 9: 1
(xiv)The half-life period of a radioactive substance is 5 minutes. The amount of substance decayed in 15 minutes would be
* 25% * 50% * 75% * 87.5%
(xv) In the nuclear reaction0n1 + 92U23554Xea + bSr94 + 20n1the values of a and b are
* 137& 35 * 138& 36 * 139& 37 * 140& 38
(xvi) In radioactive decay, ZXA emits four alpha particles, three negative beta particles, and eight gamma photons. The atomic number
and mass number of the resulting final nucleus are
* Z-11 & A-16 * Z-5 & A-13 * Z-5 & A-16 * Z-8 & A-13
(xvii) In a pn-junction, the barrier potential offers opposition to only
 electrons in n-region  majority carriers in both regions
 holes in p-region  minority carriers in both regions
SECTION B
(SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS – MARKS 36)

Note: Attempt any Nine parts from this section. All questions carry equation marks.
Q2 (i) Find the electric field intensity usingtherectangular components method at point “A” due to charges q 1 = -2pC and q2= - 4pC placed
at points B and C of the corners of an equilateral triangle, as shown in the figure. (K=9x109Nm2/C2)
B
(ii) Give a reason for each of the following:
(a) The core of the transformer is laminated.
(b) Perm alloy is used as a core of the transformer.
3cm

600
A C
(iii) What is the working principle of measuring temperature in mercury thermometers? At what temperature, does the reading on the
Fahrenheit scaledouble as compared to the Celsius scale?
(iv) A photon of wavelength 0.004Å in the vicinity of a heavy nucleus produces an electron-positron pair. Find the kinetic energy of each
particle ifthe kinetic energy of the positron is twice that of the electron. What must be the value of minimum frequency of incident
photons for these kind of processes. (hc = 12.4 x 10-3MeVÅ and moc2 = 0.511MeV).
(v) Three resistors of 4Ω, 12Ω and 6Ω connected in parallel. The combination of above resistors is connected in series to a resistance of 2Ω and then to
a bettery of 6V. Draw a circuit diagram and calculate (a) Current in main Circuit (b) Potential difference across 2Ωresistor.
(vi) Calculate the ratio of the wavelengths of the radiation emitted due to the transition of the electron in a hydrogen atom from its
second permitted energy level to the first permitted energy level and highest permitted energy level to the second permitted energy
level. (Constantsare not required for the solution)
(vii) What will be the velocity and momentum of a particle whose rest mass is m o and whose kinetic energy is two-third of its rest mass
energy?
(viii) Two long straight parallel conductors carrying steady currentsI1 andI2(I1=I2) along the same direction are separated by a distance d;
how does one explain the magnetic force between them? If a third similar conductor carrying a current I3 in the opposite direction is
placed just in the middle of these two conductors now fixed, find the resultant force acting on the third conductor.
(ix) The space between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor having an area of each plate “A” and distance between the plates is “d” is
filled in two ways. The first case is filled with a dielectric constant K= 5. The second case is filled with two slabs of equal thickness,
half of the plate area,and dielectric constants K 1= 2 and K2=? respectively. Find the value of K2, if the capacitance of the capacitor is
the same in both cases.(Constants are not required for the solution)

K K1

First case
K2

(x) Instead of calculating the mean speed for the molecules of a typical gas, we prefer to calculate the root mean square speed. Why?
Compare the root mean square speed of oxygen molecule with hydrogen molecule at 5270C. ?(MOxygen = 32gram/mole &MHydrogen =
2gram/mole)
(xi) Calculate the potential difference through which an electron must be accelerated to obtain the short wavelength continuous X-ray
0.31Å.(c = 3 x 108 ms-1 , h= 6.63 x 10-34Js, e = 1.6x10-19 C)
(xii) Four resistors 6Ω, 6Ω, 6Ω and 18Ω form a Wheatstone bridge. Find the resistance must be connected across the 18Ω which will balance the
network. Also draw the circuit diagram.
(xiii) Is it possible that a charged particle enters an electric field and its kinetic energy does not change? Also, justify that for any charge
configuration, the equipotential surface through a point is normal to the electric field.
(xiv) In a typical nuclear reaction, e.g.
2 2 4
1H + 1H ---------------->2He + Q-value
although the number of nucleons are conserved, energy is released. How? Explain, and calculate the Q-value in this nuclear reaction.
( mass of 1H2=2.014107u, mass of2He4 = 4.002603u &Iu = 931.5MeV)

SECTION C
(DETAILED ANSWER QUESTIONS – MARKS 32)

NOTE: Attempt any Two questions from this section. Draw diagrams where necessary.

Q3) a. Which type of energy conversion occurs in an AC generator? How does magneto differ from the alternator? Discuss the AC
generator in detail.

b. What is a cyclic process? Is it possible to convert all the heat into mechanical work in a cyclical process? Explain. Also, state
the two statements of the second law of thermodynamics and prove their equivalence.

Q4) a. How can we detect subatomic particles by visualizing their ionizing path using super cooled, super-saturated vapors in a
chamber? Discuss in detail.
b. Discuss how electron emission happens when a metal surface is illuminated by a suitable radiation. Define its key terms,
plot the graphs of experimental results, and Einstein’s explanation of this effect based on the quantum theory of light.

Q5) a. Why do we need capacitors to store electrical energy when we already have batteries? Derive the formula for the
capacitance of a parallel plate compound capacitor.
b. Write down the assumptions made by Bohr for his atomic model. Also, derive an expression for the radius of the nth orbit
of hydrogen atom based on this atomic model.

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