ENGLISH

DIVINE COMEDY - title of what DANTE wrote

It is written in LATIN
It is based with the bible and a little bit of greek mythology

Dante Alighieri - Author

Beatrice - Dante fell in love with this woman who died at a young age.
Beatrice - stands for faith and theology
Inferno, Purgatorio and Paradiso

INFERNO - the most popular among the three

Virgil - the guide
Starts with the Gates of hell called ante-inferno, - “Abandon all hope, you who enter here.”

ANTE-INFERNO
Tormented by snakes and hornets

Ferryman - Sharon

CIRCLE OF HELL 1: LIMBO

“Virtuous Pagans” (This is where Virgil is)
Punishment: Eternal sadness

CIRCLE OF HELL 2: LUST

Punishment: Cursed for eternity with a raging storm

CIRCLE OF HELL 3: GLUTTONY

Punishment: Laying on the ground, unable to move
Here is also the monster: Cerberus (three-headed dog)
4
CIRCLE OF HELL 4: GREED
Plutus - god of money and wealth
Punishment: Forever battling each other, rolling giant boulders to each other

CIRCLE OF HELL 5: WRATH

Punishment: fighting, biting in anger
Punishment for the sullen and gloomy: submerged in water, forced to breathe
Against the giant river, RIVER STYX

City guarded by fallen angels who turn Virgil and Dante away, “No living man may enter,” This is also the start where Virgil can’t protect
Dante.

CIRCLE OF HELL 6: HERESY

Punishment: Graveyard with tombstones covered in flames

CIRCLE OF HELL 7: VIOLENCE

Violent to others, murderers, warlords, suicide, blasphameres, violence against God, against nature and God’s creation,

CIRCLE OF HELL 8: FRAUD

Geryon - symbol of fraud, face of a man with a scorpion tail.
Punishment: Bowl with demons torturing people all around
Fortune tellers that is placed backwards

CIRCLE OF HELL 9: BETREYAL

Satan (three-headed BEAST)
Judas who betrayed Jesus Christ
Brutus and Cassius, who betrayed Julius Caesar
Punishment: Frozen in Ice

They climbed down to Satan’s feet and somehow turned it upside down.

KING ARTHUR - popular legends of medieval times

LE MORTE D’ARTHUR - title
Thomas Malory - author
Published in 1485

King Uther and Igraine - Biological parents

Sir Ector - Foster father
Merlin - magician
Guinevere- Wife of King Arthur
MORDRED - his son, knight, wants to take his kingdom,
Knights of the round table
LANCELOT - Best knight fells in love with Guinevere
Sir Bors, Sir Percival, and Sir Galahad ( found the holy grail

Symbols:
Holy Grail - Highest form of purity (used by Jesus at the last supper)
Round table - fairness and equality

ISLE OF AVALON - King Arthur’s dead body is sent here

King Arthur became king because he PULLED A SWORD FROM A STONE

Themes:
Trust
Betrayal
Deception
Love

Allegory - representation of ideas, concept

- complete story or poem

Myth - traditional sacred story

Setting - time and place
Character - any figure portrayed
Plot - series of events
Theme - written to explain a natural or social occurrence
Metaphor - comment on real world situations
Symbolism - concept that has a meaning across a literary text

FILIPINO
Pyramus at Thisbe - Mitolohiyang kanluran 
Nagbago ang kulay ng mulberry dahil sa kamatayan ng dalawang nagiibigan
Pyramus - pinakamakisig
Thisbe - pinakamagandang dalaga sa silangan
Babylon - nakatira
Reyna Semiramis - pangalan ng reyna na kung saan nakatira sila 
Maliit na bitak/butas sa pader - paano sila nakakapagusap?
Puno ng mulberry - meetup nilang dalawa
Leon - nakita ni Thisbe
Espada - sinaksak nila ito sa sarili nila kaya namatay

POKUS SA PANDIWA
Pandiwa - kilos o gawa
Pandiwang tagaganap - kapag may, -mag, um-, mang- (Ex. Bumalik sila sa Pilipinas)
Pokus sa Layon - kapag may -in, hin, an (Ex. Pinaimbestihagan ng Pangulo ang droga)
Pokus sa Pinaglalaanan - kapag may nakita kang i-, ipag, ipagpa (Ex. Ipagpapaliban ni Henry ang pagimpake nya para lang kay Liza)
Pokus sa Kagamitan - ipang, (Ex. Ipinambayad ni Liza sa taksi ang pera para kay Henry)

Pygmalion
Liza Doolittle - Pangunahing tauhan
Henry Higgins - Eksperto sa palabigkasan
Pananalita - mababago sa isang tao na pinagaralan ni Henry
Pickering - kasamang ni Henry sa gagawing pag-aaral
Nepommuck - hungarian
Singsing - isinauli ni Liza kay Henry
Alfred - ama ni Liza
Pabuya - Itinawag ni Lisa kay Henry dahil sa matinding galit
Freddy - sinabi ni Liza kay henry na papakasalan
Mabagyo - nung nagkakilala sila Liza at henry

Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Alonso Y Realonda

Birthdate: Hunyo 19:1861 - Calamba, Laguna
Araw ng pagkamatay: Disyembre 30, 1896 - Bagumbayan (Luneta Park)

Pang PITO si RIZAL sa magkakapatid

DALAWA lang ang lalaki
11 silang magkakapatid
SATURNINA ang pangalan ng pinakamatanda sakanilang magkakataptid

Inibig ni rizal
SEGUNDA KATIGBAK - 14 sya at 17 si Rizal
LEONOR RIVERA - 11 years na magnobya
O-SEI SAN - pinakaimportante sa puso ni rizal (japanese)
NELI BOUSTED - French, magkaiba ng relihiyon at tumutol ang ina
 JOSEPHIENE BRACKEN - blue eyes, blonde
Asawa ni Rizal

Mga wika na alam ni Rizal

INGLES, TAGALOG, PRANCES, ITALYANO, PORTUGUESE, ILOCANO,

Mga alias ni Rizal sa La Solidaridad

-Dimasalang
-Laong Laan (may nakalaan)
- P. Jacinto

Erehe - laban sa pamahalaan 1891 - Brussels, Belgium

Filibustro - laban sa prayle NOBELANG PULITIKA
Inialay ito sa tatlong pare (GOMBURZA)
El filibusterismo 
1890 - London, England Kabanata 1 -  Ang kubyerto
Kabanata 2 - Sa Ilalim ng kubyerta Simoun
 
Simoun - basta sya si ibarra dati sa noli me Ilalim:
Bapor Tabo - hugis tabo Paulita Gomez
Disyembre Ilog Pasig - Laguna Isagani - makata na magaaral sa Ateneo, na may pagtingin kay
Ibabaw: Paulita
Kapitan Heneral Kapitan Basilio - matanda ngunit makisig
Padre Salvi Basilio - nagaaral ng medisin, anak ni sisa
Padre Irene Padre Florentino - tiyuhin ni Isagani
Sibyla Macaraig - magaaral ng abugasya, mayaman
Ben Zayb (tagasulat/ tagalathala)

Panukalang Yankee - half american, half filipino

Mulatong Amerikano - nagpapanggap na amerikano na Indio

ARTS
Technology - has taken over in the 21st CENTURY
Technology-based art - is essentially computer-generated and/or manipulated
COMPUTER ARTIST- the ever-expanding powers of image manipulation programs and applications

Modern technologies have made the artist improve their techniques.

Graphic design techniques with new media such as acrylic, epoxies and alkyds.
New Techniques such as airbrush, photography , montage, dye transfer

ART ELEMENTS 3. EMPHASIS

1. RHYTHM 4. PROPORTION
2. BALANCE
5. VARIETY
6. MOVEMENT
TECHNOLOGY BASED- ARTS INCLUDES
1. Mobile Phone Art

- Cellular Phones - become a means of personal expression and artistic creativity

- for professional and amateur photographers
- offer a variety of effects similar to digital cameras

Phone Arts is an international collaborative experiment that required the use of the cellular phone (basta art sya gamit cp)

2. Computer-generated imagery (CGI) is the application of the field of computer graphics

Computer animation is a dynamic CGI rendered as a movie. (kumbaga eto ung tawag sa ginagawa sa CGI
FAMOUS CGI AND 3D ARTIST 4. Miagui- a creative production studio focused on advertising
1. Zeitguist - a creative studio based in Berlin, Germany, images
producing mesmerizing and surreal 3D creations. 5. Chaotic Atmospheres- a master of surreal-looking landscapes
2. Andrea Giordano- specializes in texturing, digital sculpting 6. Rodolfo Samonte- a Filipino artist specializing in overwhelming
3. George Nijland- an artist specializing in architectural computer-aided geometric abstractions,
visualization 7. VINCENT ILAGAN – A Filipino VFX (Visual effects)

3. Digital Photography - Is a form of photography that uses camera

BASIC TIPS OF TAKING GOOD PHOTOGRAPHS
1. Choose a good location 5. For posed pictures, make sure you subject is the highlight
2. Check that the available background 6. For candid, make sure you capture the most amusing facial
3. Lighting expressions
4. Avoid against the light pictures
7. Take a variety of shot

6 BASIC CAMERA SHOT

Extreme wide shot Medium Close up
Wide shot Close up
Medium shot Extreme close up

Video Games - Is an electronic game that involves human interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device.

Ralph Henry Baer a German born American was born on March 8, 1922. -Video game developer, FATHER OF VIDEO GAMES
Video - refers to faster display device , but it now implies any type of display device that can produce 2 or 3 dimensional images.

/Digital Painting/Imaging Videos - Is a method of creating an art object (painting) digitally

MUSIC
AFRO-LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC
Music has always been an important part of the daily lives of African people
One of the characteristics of Afro-Latin American music is in a form of conversation
Percussion instrument's were the least used musical instruments in afro Latin American music
Popular music has a good rhythm, a catchy melody, and is easy to remember and hard to sing along.
Vocal forms of African music and Latin American music played an important role in the development role of the popular music.
Jazz music is often identified with the use of common rhythms, polyphonic ensemble playing, varying degrees of improvisation, deliberate
deviations of pitch, and original timbres.

Can be traced during the European colonization and slave trade in Africa
.
Latin America is compromised of different regions such as the
 Caribbean islands
 Mexico
 Central and South America
European countries contributed religions and languages like Spanish and Portuguese.
Their music is identified by their rhythms, which they adapted from the elements of Moorish music and other African and Caribbean music
in the slave trade from 1550 to 1880.

The enslaved moors of North America in 1776 were prohibited from playing drums, but in the Congo square in New Orleans, Caribbean
slaves were free to play drums for recreation and entertainment and also for communication.

By the 18th and 19th centuries, African music started through spread, development, and canonizing of rhythm in the Caribbean, and
during this period another art containing a rich mix of musical cultures was born In North America.

Afro Latin Music is the reason for the existence of rich music and dance like jazz, tango, cha-cha rumba, foxtrot, and paso Doble.

What are the characteristics of Afro-Latin Music?

Conversation - A performance of voice interaction as an answer to the first chant. CALL AND RESPONSE
Example of call and response: Maracatu and Kye Kye kuley
Maracatu is the ceremony of the coronation of the black kings in 1674 in Recife.

The baque or toque is considered as the rhythmic pattern used in maracatu.

This rhythm uses toada, which is the singing part of maracatu.
maracatu is a combination of music for processional ceremony, theater, and dance.

Improvisation - Non-scripted ways of signing which allow for sincere conversations.

The voice of an instrument - It is the manipulation of freely controlled piece.
The instrument as a voice - The instrument serves as a “singer” along with the performer .

Music of Africa
African music - encompasses an interlocking structural format, maily due to its overlapping and dense texture and its rhythmic
complexity.

Functions of music of Africa

CEREMONIAL RITES
Birth WORK RELATED/SOCIAL
Marriage Planting
Succession Hunting
Worship Building houses
Spirit invocations Political activities
Death
Funerals
Initiations

AFROBEAT - Is a term used to describe the fusion of west African with black American music.
APALA - Is a musical genre from Nigeria Yoruba tribal style to wake up the worshippers after fasting during the Muslim holy feast of
ramadan .
AXE - Popular musical genre from Salvador, Bahia and Brazil.
It fuses the Afro- Caribbean style of the Marcha, reggae and calypso.
JIT - Hard and fast Zimbabwean dance music played on drums with guitar accompaniment.
JIVE - Is a popular form of South African music featuring a lively and uninhibited variation of the jitterbug, a form of swing dance.
JUJU - Popular style from Nigeria that relies on the tradition Yoruba rhythms. A drum kit, keyboard and accordion are used along with the
traditional dun-dun (talking drum or squeeze drum)
KWASSA-KWASSA - Is a dance style begun in Zaire. In this dance style, the hips move back and forth while the arms follow the hip
movement. Shake your booty dance style begun in Zaire in the late 80’s.
Popularized by : Kanda Bongo Man.
MARABI - Characterized by simple chords in varying vamping patterns and repetitive harmony over an extended period of time to allow
the dances more time on the dance floor

VOCAL FORMS
Blues - This is a gloomy folk music of African origin, which is naturally in a twelve bar order.
- It is a musical form of the late 19th century that has deep roots in African American communities.
- became popular upon the migration of the African Americans in the cities in the 1940’s
Soul - This is a kind of music that combines that basics of rhythm and blues and gospel music, which was popularized by the African
Americans.
Spiritual - This kind of music always has a Christian or religious theme.
- it is monophonic in nature and in a Cappela which is the origin of the blues.
Call and Response - This is a sequence of two different phrases usually played by two or more musicians.
it is a direct response from the first phrase or a commentary response.

Health
The United Nations and the World Health Organizations work together to improve Global affairs and solve health related issues.

Exsisting health laws

Consumer Act of the Philippines - RA 7394
Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act - RA No. 10354

FOUR PILLARS OF FOUNDATION

1. Informed Choice – As stated in the act , effective and quality reproductive healthcare services
2. Respect for Life – The act recognizes abortion as an illegal act which is punishable by law.
3. .Birth Control – Reproductive healthcare , information and supplies shall be made available most especially to poor beneficiaries.
4. Responsible Parenthood – Couples determine their ideal family size.

Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act - R.A. 8504

Comprehensive Dangerous drug Act of 2002 - R.A. 9165
Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003 - R.A. 9211
Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 - R.A. 10175
Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009 - R.A 9775
National Blood Services Act of 1994 - R.A 7719
National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008 -- R.A 9512
The Seat belt Use Act of 1999 - R.A 8750
Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Law - R/A 10586

C. E

Jeremiah 1:12
The Lord said to me, “You have seen correctly, for I am watching to see that my word is fulfilled.”

Jeremiah 1:8
Do not be afraid of them, for I am with you and will rescue you,” declares the Lord.

Matthew 6:33
But seek first the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all these things shall be added unto you.

Ecclesiastes 8:5
“...the wise heart will know the proper time and procedure.”

Psalm 73:28
But as for me, it is good to be near God. I have made the Sovereign LORD my refuge; I will tell of all your deeds.

Romans 8:28
“And we know that all that happens to us is working for our good if we love God and are fitting into his plans.”

Psalm 65:5-7
You answer us with awesome deeds of righteousness, O God our Savior, the hope of all the ends of the earth and of the farthest seas,
who formed the mountains by your power, having armed yourself with strength, who stilled the roaring of the seas, the roaring of their
waves.

Psalm 5:12
“For surely, O Lord, you bless the righteous, you surround them with your favor as with a shield.”

Psalm 119:105
Your word is a lamp for my feet, a light on my path.

Jeremiah 10:2
This is what the Lord says:“Do not learn the ways of the nations or be terrified by signs in the heavens, though the nations are terrified
by them."

PSALM 23
The LORD is my shepherd, I lack nothing.
2  He makes me lie down in green pastures, he leads me beside quiet waters,
3  he refreshes my soul. He guides me along the right paths for his name’s sake.
4  Even though I walk through the darkest valley,I will fear no evil, for you are with me; your rod and your staff, they comfort me.
5  You prepare a table before me in the presence of my enemies. You anoint my head with oil; my cup overflows.
6  Surely your goodness and love will follow me all the days of my life, and I will dwell in the house of the LORD forever.

UNDERSTANDING PRIORITIES
Teenagers can have many assignments and projects yet have time to engage in any type of social media platforms (procrastination). 
Establishing priorities is a challenge especially in the youth culture, because they have the mindset of “the more the merrier”.
Priorities tell you what is important
Establishing priorities will help you accomplish your goal
Establishing priorities will help you plan how much energy and resources you should spend on various activities
Establishing priorities will help you say “no” to things that will distract you.
Establishing priorities helps you keep boundaries
Establishing priorities will will help you to focus

THREE PEDESTALS: priorities

TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL - international agency fighting corruption

Crisis in the family
One Hope Philippines - international organization working among children

Definition of family
38% - any group of people who live together
34% - any person or group whom you love or care deeply
16% - any group of people who share the same set of values and goals in life
12% - those related by birth, adoption or marriage 

“Home is where the heart is.”

God has surrounded you with the people who care about you and your well-being. God gave you a family.
Tanging Yaman - popular movie
A family is any group who live together
A family is any person or group whom you love our care about deeply
A family is any group or people who shares the same set of values and goals in the life
Family are those related by birth, adoption, or marriage
Friends are people who want you to succed and be all you can be
Friends are people wholift you up and do not pull you down
You cannot be friends with people who have the different sets of values
You cannot be friends with those who don’t support your life vision
You cannot be friends with those whose convictions are the exact opposite of yours

FRIENDSHIP - one of life’s greatest blessing

Life is always not easy, not always a straight line

IDENTIFYING DISTRACTIONS
Watch out for people
Circumstances
Struggles and temptation
Problems

“KAYA MO YAN!” - When a person is facing difficulties, he/she needs to hear an encouragement.

HIT THE GOAL 

Palayok - popular Filipino game

FACTORS THAT WILL ENABLE YOU TO HIT YOUR GOAL

God’s presence
God’s promise
God’s power
God’s favor
God given abilities
God given people

E-Value-Weight

Wise decision making is an essential skill for achieving success in life.

Famous men and their values

The bible provides examples of people who made crucial decisions based on their values
Joseph valued integrity over personal comfort
Daniel valued his worship over his own life
Jesus valued the cross over the throne

ARALING PANLIPUNAN

Migrasyon - paglipat ng mga tao sa ibang lugar

Panloob na migrasyon (INTERNAL MIGRATION) - migrasyon sa loob lamang na bansa
MIgrasyong Panlabas (INTERNATIONAL MIGRASYON) - lumipat na ang mga tao sa ibang bansa upang doon manirahan
Migrante - tawag sa mga taong lumilipat
Pansamantala - migrant
Permanente - Immigrant
Economic migrants - nakakahanap ng mas magandang pagkakataon

Salik ng Migrasyon
Pull Factor - positibong salik
Push Factor - Negatibong salik
Immigration o flow - dami o bilang (INFLOW at ENTRIES)
Stock - pinipili ng mga nandarayuhan na manatili o manirahan

5 DAHILAN
 Kaguluhan o banta sa kalusugan
 Panghikayat ng kapamilya
 Opurtunidad pang-ekonomiya
 Pagkuha ng kaalaman’
 Pagaaral

7 Epekto ng Migrasyon

Pagbabago ng Populasyon
Kaligtasan o Karapatang Pantao
Pamilya at pamayanan
Pagunlad ng ekonomiya
Brain Drain
Paghina ng lokal na industriya
Integration at multiculturalism

3 Pagtugon sa isyu ng Migrasyon

Pagpapatibay ng pangangalaga sa mga OFW
Pagbibigay-suporta sa mga kaanak ng mga OFW
Pagpapalakas ng mga lokal na industriya at pagpaparami ng mga trabaho sa loob ng bansa

Political Dynasty - kapangyarihann o karapatang mamuno

Uri ng Political dynasty
- THIN DYNASTY: dalawa lamang na miyembro
- FAT DYNASTY: marami na miyembro

Sunod sunod na tumakbo (basta yun na yon)

MARIANO RUBIO MARCOS (ama ni ferdinand marcos)

- Imelda Romualdez Marcos (dating unang ginang)

FERDINAND MARCOS, SR. (ika-10 na pangulo)

- Imee R. Marcos (anak ni ferdinand sr at imelda)
- Michael Marcos Keon
- Benjamin Trinidad “Kokoy” Romualdez
- Martin Romualdez
- Yedda Marie Romualdez

DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL (ika-9 na pangulo)

- Gloria Macapagal- Arroyo (anak ni diosdado)
- Juan Miguel “Mikey” Macapagal Arroyo
- Diosdado Ignacio “Dato” Macapagal Arroyo

JOSEPH EJERCITO ESTRADA (alkalde ng maynila)

- Luisa Pimentel- Ejercito (asawa ni joseph)
- Jose Pimentel Ejercito, Jr. (anak)
- Joseph Victor Gomez Ejercito ( anak)
- Guia Guanzon Gomez (ina ni Joseph victor)
- Janella Estarda (anak ni Jinggoy)

BENIGNO SIMEON “Ninoy” Aquino, Jr. (senador)

- Corazon “cory” C. Aquino ( asawa)
- Benigno simeon Cojuangco “noynoy” aquino III (anak)
- Jose Sumulong Conjuangco Jr. (pinsan ni cory)
- Eduardo M. Cojuangco Jr. (pinsan ni cory)
- Marcos Juan Bruno O. Cojuangco (anak ni eduardo)
- Paolo Benigno Aguirre Aquino IV (pamangkin)