JAVA PROGRAMMING

Code : 05201201

MCA [ Semester-I ]
Faculty of IT & Compute Science
PARUL UNIVERSITY
 Introduction to Java
UNIT-1 [Datatypes, Operators, Statements]

Lecture – 2

• OOP Approach
• Concepts of OOP - classes and objects, abstraction and
encapsulation,inheritance, polymorphism, Dynamic Binding.
• Comparison of OO and procedure oriented approaches
 Basic Concept of OO Approach
• Feature of OO paradigm are:
• Focus on Data rather than procedure.
• Programs are divided into objects.
• Designed data structures to characterize the objects.
e.g.: Classes
• Data and related methods are tied together in the class.
• Data is hidden and can’t be accesses by external
functions.
• Objects can communicate via methods.
• New data and methods can be easily added whenever
necessary.
• Follows bottom-up approach in program design.
Comparison of OO and procedure oriented
approaches:
Procedure Oriented Object Oriented
Programming Programming
Divided Into In POP, program is divided into In OOP, program is
small parts called functions. divided into parts called
objects.
Importance In POP, Importance is not given In OOP, Importance is
to data but to functions as well given to the data rather
as sequence of actions to be than procedures or
done. functions because it
works as a real world.

Approach POP follows Top Down approach. OOP follows Bottom Up

approach.

Access POP does not have any access OOP has access
specifier. specifiers named Public,
Specifiers
Private, Protected, etc.
Data Moving In POP, Data can move freely
from function to function in the
system.
Expansion To add new data and function
in POP is not so easy.
Data Access In POP, Most function uses
Global data for sharing that can
be accessed freely from
function to function in the
system.
Data Hiding POP does not have any proper
way for hiding data so it is less
secure.
Overloading In POP, Overloading is not
possible.
Examples Example of POP are : C, VB,
FORTRAN, Pascal.
In OOP, objects can move and
communicate with each other
through member functions.
OOP provides an easy way to
add new data and function.
In OOP, data can not move
easily from function to
function, it can be kept public
or private so we can control the
access of data.
OOP provides Data Hiding so
provides more security.
In OOP, overloading is possible
in the form of Function
Overloading and Operator
Overloading.
Example of OOP are : C++,
JAVA, VB.NET, C#.NET.
Concepts of OOP:
There are some basic concepts of object
oriented programming as follows:
• 1. Object
• 2. Class
• 3. Data abstraction
• 4. Data encapsulation
• 5. Inheritance
• 6. Polymorphism
• 7. Dynamic binding
Objects
• Object = Data + Methods to operate the data.
• Object can interact without having to identify the
details of each other’s data or code.
• Objects can be a “Place”, “Person” or “Things”.
• Objects are important runtime entities in object
oriented method to identify the attributes. E.g. CAR
Classes
• Class = set of common attribute and common operations
of an object
• Attributes = properties  defined by Data
Members(instance variables).
• Operation = behavior or activities  defined by Methods.

• Class is a user defined data type which includes

complete set of data and code of an object.
• The objects are variable of type class.
• Once the class has been defined, we can make any
number of objects belonging to that class.
• Main features of class are Reusability and ability to
create objects when needed.
Classes [ cont…]
• As we learned that, the classification of objects into
various classes is based on its properties (States) and
behavior (methods).

• In above example, we will create an objects MH-01 1234

belonging to the class car.
Abstraction

• Abstraction = the act of representing important description

without including the background details or difficult
explanations.

• Classes use the concept of abstraction and summarize all

the important properties of the objects that are to be
created.
• Write once. Forget forever.

• So, the Classes are also known as Abstract Data Type

(ADT).