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CHAPTER 5
Page
1
A design aid
To study the effects of moving loads on the structure
To determine the maximum forces due to moving loads
Axial force (P), Shear force (V), Bending moment (M)
Support reaction (R)
RA
1
x
move
A B
x
L
RA Influence Line
for RA
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures Page
How do we study the I.L.? 4
P=1
x move
C C
VC
A B
x Ay
10 m. 0.0 1.00
2.5 0.75
5.0 0.50
7.5 0.25
ให้นํ้าหนัก 1 หน่ วยอยู่ที่จดุ A (x = 0.0 m) 10.0 0.00
1
move
A B
∑M B =0
1(10 ) − Ay (10 ) =
0
Ay 10 m By Ay = 1
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures Page
I.L. of Reaction 8
A B
x Ay
10 m. 0.0 1.00
2.5 0.75
5.0 0.50
7.5 0.25
ให้นํ้าหนัก 1 หน่ วยอยู่ที่จดุ A (x = 2.5 m) 10.0 0.00
1
x move
A B
∑M B =0
1( 7.5 ) − Ay (10 ) =
0
Ay 10 m By Ay = 0.75
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures Page
I.L. of Reaction 9
A B
x Ay
10 m. 0.0 1.00
2.5 0.75
5.0 0.50
7.5 0.25
ให้นํ้าหนัก 1 หน่ วยอยู่ที่จดุ A (x = 5.0 m) 10.0 0.00
1
x move
A B
∑M B =0
1( 5 ) − Ay (10 ) =
0
Ay 10 m By Ay = 0.50
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures Page
I.L. of Reaction 10
A B
x Ay
10 m. 0.0 1.00
2.5 0.75
5.0 0.50
7.5 0.25
ให้นํ้าหนัก 1 หน่ วยอยู่ที่จดุ A (x = 7.5 m) 10.0 0.00
1
x move
A B
∑M B =0
1( 2.5 ) − Ay (10 ) =
0
Ay 10 m By Ay = 0.25
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures Page
I.L. of Reaction 11
A B
x Ay
10 m. 0.0 1.00
2.5 0.75
5.0 0.50
7.5 0.25
ให้นํ้าหนัก 1 หน่ วยอยู่ที่จดุ A (x = 10 m) 10.0 0.00
1
x move
A B
∑M B =0
1( 0 ) − Ay (10 ) =
0
Ay 10 m By Ay = 0
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures Page
I.L. of Reaction 12
A B
10 m.
Ay
1.0
0.75
x Ay 0.50
0.5
0.0 1.00 0.25
2.5 0.75 x
0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10
5.0 0.50
7.5 0.25 Influence line for Ay
10.0 0.00
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures Page
I.L. of Reaction 13
1 จากสมการ 1
x Ay
x move
Ay = 1 −
10
x
0.0 1.00
A B แทนค่า x จะได้
2.5 0.75
10 m
Ay By 5.0 0.50
I.L. of Reaction 7.5 0.25
10.0 0.00
Ay
∑M B =0 1.0 0.75
0.50
Ay (10 ) − (10 − x )(1) =
0 0.5 0.25
Ay = 1 −
1
x
x
10
0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10
Influence line for Ay
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures Page
I.L. of Shear Force 14
A B
ใช้สมการสมดุลในแนวดิง่
C
2.5 m. ∑F =0 ;
10 m. y
1 x=5 1
move move x VC
x=0 A B x=5 A
m
B 0.0 0.00
C Vc C Vc 2.5L -0.25
Ay = 1.00 Ay = 0.50
2.5R 0.75
5.0 0.50
1
x=2.5 1 move x=7.5 move 7.5 0.25
x=2.5L m x=7.5 m 10.0 0.00
A B A B
C Vc C Vc
Ay = 0.75 Ay = 0.25
x=2.5 1 move 1
move
x=2.5R A
m
B x=10 A B
C Vc C Vc
Ay = 0.75 Ay = 0.00
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures Page
I.L. of Shear Force 15
A B
C
2.5 m.
10 m.
x VC VC
0.0 0.00
2.5L -0.25 1. 0.75
0 0.5
2.5R 0.75 0. 0.25
5.0 0.50 5
0 x
7.5 0.25 -0.25
10.0 0.00 -0.5
I.L. for VC
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures Page
I.L. of Shear Force 16
VC
A B 1. 0.75
C 0 0.5
0. 0.25
2.5 m.
10 m. 5
0 x
-0.25
นํ้าหนัก 1 หน่ วยอยู่ในช่วง AC -0.5
I.L. for VC
x1 move ∑F
y =0 ;
A B −Vc − 1 + Ay =0
C Vc x
Vc = −
Ay = 1-x/10 10
x VC
0.0 0.00
นํ้าหนัก 1 หน่ วยอยู่ในช่วง BC 2.5L -0.25
x 1 ; 2.5R 0.75
move ∑F
y =0
A B
5.0 0.50
0
−Vc + Ay =
C Vc x 7.5 0.25
Vc = 1 −
Ay = 1-x/10 10 10.0 0.00
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures Page
I.L. of Bending Moment 17
1
move
A B x=5.0 A ใช้B สมการสมดุล Moment
C C Mc
5 m. 5 m. ;
10 m. 10 m. ∑M C =0 +
Ay = 0.50
1 7.5 m. 1 x MC
move Mc move
x=0.0 A B x=7.5 A B
0.0 0.00
C C Mc 2.5 1.25
5 m. 5 m.
10 m. 5.0 2.50
Ay = 1.00
Ay = 0.25
7.5 1.25
10.0 0.00
x=2.5 m.1 1
move Mc move
x=2.5 x=10
A B A B
C C Mc
5 m. 5 m.
10 m. 10 m.
Ay = 0.75 Ay = 0.00
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures Page
I.L. of Bending Moment 18
A B
C
5 m.
10 m.
MC
x Mc
3.0 2.5
0.0 0.00
2.5 1.25 2.0
1.25 1.25
5.0 2.50 1.0
7.5 1.25 x
10.0 0.00 0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10
I.L. for MC
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures Page
I.L. of Bending Moment 19
MC
3.0 2.5
A B
C 2.0
5 m. 1.25 1.25
10 m.
1.0
x
0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10
นํ้าหนัก 1 หน่ วยอยู่ในช่วง AC I.L. for MC
x 1
move Mc ∑M C = 0; +
A B − Ay ⋅ 5 + 1 ⋅ (5 − x) + M C =0
C 1
5 m. MC = x
Ay = 1-x/10 2 x Mc
0.0 0.00
นํ้าหนัก 1 หน่ วยอยู่ในช่วง BC 2.5 1.25
5.0 2.50
x 1 7.5 1.25
move ∑M C = 0; +
A B − Ay ⋅ 5 + M C =0 10.0 0.00
C Mc 1
5 m. MC= 5 − x
2
Ay = 1-x/10
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures Page
Qualitative Influence Line 20
Ay
Ay
A A C B
B
C
VC
A B
MC C MC
VC
VC
MC
x x
Concentrated Force :
Concentrated Force(P)
Value of the function = P x y
Uniform Load(w)
Uniform Load :
y Value of the function = w x A
Area(A)
Influence Line function
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures Page
I.L. for Beams 25
IL. vs. SFD. & BMD.
P=1
x move
A B A B
C C
a b L
L Pb/L
1-x/L VC
-Pa/L
-x/L Shear force Diagram
I.L. for VC Pab/L MC
ab/L
4 m. 4 m. 4 m.
1 0.75
Ay = (10)(0.75) + (2)[(0.5)(4)(-0.5)] = 5.5 kN I.L. for Ay
-0.5
1.5
1.0
0.25
By = (10)(0.25) + (2)[(0.5)(4)(1+1.5)] = 12.5 kN I.L. for By
0.5
VC = (10)(-0.25) + (2)[(0.5)(4)(-0.5)] = - 4.5 kN I.L. for VC
-0.25 -0.5
2 0.5
1
MC = (10)(1) + (2)[(0.5)(4)(-2)] = 2 kN-m I.L. for MC
-2
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures Page
I.L. for Beams 27
w w w
C B A
A
C B
4 m. 4 m. 4 m. 4 m. 4 m. 4 m.
-0.5 0.5 -2
Negative Shear Maximum Positive Moment Maximum
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures Page
Examples: I.L. for Beams 28
Example
จงคํานวณหาค่าบวกสูงสุด ของแรงเฉือนทีจ่ ดุ C ของคานทีแ่ สดงในรูป เมือ่ มีแรงแบบจุด
เท่ากับ 4000 lb และแรงกระจายสมํ่าเสมอ 2000 lb/ft กระทํา
แรงแบบจุดกระทํา :
A B
C มีคา่ สูงสุดเมือ่ x=2.5R ; VC = 0.75
2.5 ft 2.5 ft
10 ft
VC = (0.75){4000} = 3000 lb
ระบบคาน ตง พืน้
Analytical Model
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures Page
Examples: I.L. for Girders 31
Example Draw the influence line for the shear in panel CD of the floor girder
shown below
x VCD
0 0.333
10 0.000
20 -0.333
30 0.333
40 0.000
1.0
0.5
VCD
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
0 10 20 30 40
x
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures Page
Examples: I.L. for Girders 32
Example Draw the influence line for the bending moment at point H of the floor
girder shown below
x
H
5 ft 5 ft
10
x MH 5
-10 -5.0
0 0.0
0
MH
10 5.0
15 5.0
20 5.0 -5
30 0.0
-10
-10 0 10 20 30
x
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures Page
Homework: I.L. for Girders 33
Homework Draw the influence line for the Moment at point F of the floor girder
shown below
F
6m 4m 8m 10 m
10 m
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures Page
I.L. for Trusses 34
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures Page
Examples: I.L. for Trusses 35
Example Draw the influence line for the force in members GB of the bridge truss
shown below
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures
The End
Page
36
Questions?
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures Page
37
1
Virtual Work = δy(Ay)-(1)(δy’)
A B In equilibrium virtual work sum =0
δy(Ay)-(1)(δy’) = 0
δy'
δy B If set δy = 1 , then
A
Ay Ay = δy’
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures Page
38
VC
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures Page
39
Tabulate Values
สร้างโดยแทนแรงหนึ่งหน่วยที่ตาํ แหน่งต่าง ๆ ตลอดความยาวโครงสร้างและที่ปลายทัง้ สองด้าน โดยใช้แรง
หยุดนิ่งและคํานวณหาค่าของฟั งก์ชนั (แรงปฏิกิรยิ า, แรงเฉือน, โมเมนต์ และระยะโก่ง) ที่ตาํ แหน่งต่าง ๆ
Influence Line Equation
สร้างโดยแทนแรงหนึ่งหน่วยที่ระยะทาง x บนโครงสร้าง จากนัน้ คํานวณหาค่าของ แรงปฏิกิรยิ า, แรงเฉือน,
โมเมนต์ท่ี ณ จุดที่ตอ้ งการทราบ ในรูปของฟั งก์ชนั x
CTE322: CHAPTER 5 – Influence Line of Determinate Structures Page
41
Influence Line เขียน Influence Line ของแรงปฏิกิริยาที่จุด B
Influence Line by Tabulate Values x Ay
∑M A =0
0.0 0.00
C B
A By ( 8 ) − (1)( x ) =
0 4.0 0.50
x
4 m. 4 m. 4 m. By = 8.0 1.00
8
10.0 1.50
x
0 4.0 8.0 12.0
Influence Line for
RB