Name: _Porsha Go_Gr. 7 - _SB_ Date: _March 21, 2023_TOTAL PTS. 50 pts.

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Science 7
Performance Task 4-1:
PROPERTIES OF WAVES

GIZMOZ

References:
WAVES
https://gizmos.explorelearning.com/index.cfm?method=cResource.dspView&ResourceID=1053

Exploring Life Through Science (textbook) Chapter 9 pp. 211-220

Student Exploration: Waves

Vocabulary: amplitude, compression, crest, frequency, linear mass density, longitudinal wave,
medium, period, power, rarefaction, transverse wave, Electromagnetic waves, trough, wave,
wavelength, wave speed

Note: Read your book to answer these questions.

I. Identify the following. Choose answers from the list of vocabulary words above. (15 pts.)

_wave_1. It is a disturbance that travels through a medium or a vacuum and carries energy.

_wave frequency_2. The number of waves produced per unit time.

Wavelength 3. It is the distance between two successive points in a wave that are in phase with
each other.
Wave speed 4. It is the distance travelled by a wave per unit time.
Period 5. It is the time taken for one complete cycle of the wave to pass a reference point.

Amplitude 6. The maximum amount of displacement of a particle on the medium from its
resting position.
Crest 7. The top part of the wave.

Trough 8 . The bottom part of the wave.

Longitudinal Wave 9. In this type of wave, particles vibrate back and forwards along the
direction the wave is travelling.
Transverse wave 10. In this type of wave, the particles of the medium are vibrating
perpendicularly to the direction of wave propagation.
Compressions 11. These made up the longitudinal waves, where particles of the medium are
closer together.
Rarefactions 12. These made up the longitudinal waves, where particles of the medium are apart.

Frequency 13. The amount of energy the wave transmits each second.
Electromagnetic Wave 14. The waves that can travel in a vacuum and in any medium.

Seismic Waves 15. These waves are generated by an earthquake or explosion.

II. Prior Knowledge Questions (4 pts.)

(Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)

NOTE: Read and follow the instructions properly.

USE RED FONT COLOR FOR YOUR ANSWERS.

1. Watch this video

https://youtu.be/yILQlmkaoYM

1. A buoy is anchored to the ocean floor. A large wave approaches

the buoy. How will the buoy move as the wave goes by? (2 pts.)

As the wave goes by the buoy, it will sail on the crest of the wave and come down with its
trough. It will then bob up and down, with the minor waves that follow. A buoy is a device
which floats on water and which is used for different purposes.

2. The two images show side views of ocean waves. How are the two sets of waves different?
(2 pts.)
The two images showing the two different sides of the ocean waves are different because the
first image of the wave is higher than the second image of the ocean wave.

A B
III. Gizmo Warm-up (4 pts.)
Ocean swells are an example of waves. In the Waves Gizmo,
you will observe wave motion on a model of a spring. The hand
can move the spring up and down or back and forth.

To begin, check that the Type of wave is Transverse, Amplitude is 20.0 cm, Frequency is
0.75 Hz, Tension is 3.0 N, and Density is 1.0 kg/m. (Note: In this Gizmo, “density” refers to the
linear mass density, or mass per unit length. It is measured in units of kilograms per meter.)

1. Click Play ( ). How would you describe the motion of a transverse wave? (2 pts.)
Transverse wave, motion in which all points on a wave oscillate along paths at right
angles to the direction of the wave's advance. ... Surface ripples on water, seismic S
(secondary) waves, and electromagnetic (e.g., radio and light) waves are examples of
transverse waves.
Click Pause ( ). Notice the crests (high points) and troughs (low points) of the wave.

2. Click Reset ( ). Choose the Longitudinal wave and increase the Amplitude to 20.0 cm.
Click Play. How would you describe the motion of a longitudinal wave? (2 pts.)
The motion of a transverse wave is perpendicular to the wave propagation.
Click Pause. Notice the compressions in the wave where the coils of the spring model are
close together and the rarefactions where the coils are spread apart.
IV.
Get the GIZMO ready:
ACTIVITY A  Click Reset. Select
Transverse waves.
 describe the  Set Amplitude to 20.0 cm,
characteristics of Frequency to 1.0 Hz
sound using the Tension to 2.0 N and
concept of wavelength, Density to 2.0 kg/m
velocity, and amplitude
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Get the GIZMO ready: (9 pts.)

 Click Reset. Select Transverse waves.

 Set Amplitude to 20.0 cm, Frequency to 1.0 Hz, Tension to 2.0 N and Density to 2.0 kg/m

1. Observe: Click Play. Observe the motions of the hand and of the green dot in the middle.

A. What is the motion of the hand? (1 pt.) you will observe wave motion on a model of
a spring. The hand can move the spring up and down or back and forth.
B. Turn off the Lights on checkbox and observe the green dot. What is the motion of

the green dot? (1 pt.) The green dot is moving in a trait up and down motion

C. Follow the motion of a single crest of the wave. How does the crest move? (1 pt.)
 It is moving in a waving and calming motion
In a transverse wave, the motion of the medium (what the wave moves through—in
this case, the spring) is perpendicular to the direction of the wave. So, each point of
the spring moves up and down as the wave travels from left to right.

2. Observe: Click Reset. Select Lights on and turn off Show rulers. Select Longitudinal
waves. Check that the Amplitude is 10.0 cm, the Frequency is 1.00 Hz, and the Tension is
2.0 N. Set the Density to 1.0 kg/m, and click Play.

A. What is the motion of the hand? (2 pts.) Back and forth

B. Turn the lights off. What is the motion of the green dot? (2 pts.)Back and forth

C. Follow the motion of a single compression of the wave. How does the compression

move? (2 pts.) Back and forth

In a longitudinal wave, the motion of the medium is parallel to the direction of the
wave. So, each point of the spring moves back and forth as the wave is transmitted
from left to right.

V. Get the Gizmo ready: (18 pts.)

 Click Reset. Check that Transverse is selected.
Set Amplitude to 20.0 cm, Frequency to 0.75 Hz, Tension to 3.0 N, and Density to 1.0 kg/m.

1. Experiment: The wavelength and speed of a wave can be influenced by many factors.
Adjust the amplitude, frequency, tension, and density as described in the table below. Then
report whether this causes the wavelength and wave speed to increase or decrease.
Return each variable to its original value after each experiment. (8 pts.)
2 answers were provided already.

Adjustment Effect on wavelength Effect on wave speed

(Velocity)
Increase amplitude Stays the same Stays the same
Increase frequency decreases Increase
Increase tension increases Increase
Increase density Decrease Decrease

Based on the result of the experiment: What is the relation between….(2 pts. each) (6 pts.)
A. Velocity and Wavelength
_ For a constant frequency, the wavelength is directly proportional to velocity.__
B. Velocity and Frequency
_ For a constant wavelength, an increase in frequency will increase the velocity of the
wave._
C. Wavelength and Frequency
_ Wavelength is inversely proportional to the frequency._

NOTE: The power of a wave is the amount of energy it transmits each second. Increasing
amplitude, increasing frequency, increasing tension, and increasing density all caused
the power of the wave to increase.

2. Apply: Sound waves are longitudinal waves that can travel through air. Would you expect
sound waves to travel faster through a low-density gas (such as helium) or a higher-density
gas such as carbon dioxide? Justify your answer based on what you have learned. (2 pts.)

__We would expect sound waves to travel faster through a low-density gas of helium than

a higher-density gas like carbon dioxide.

3. Apply: As ocean waves approach the shore, friction with the ocean bottom causes them to slow
down. If the frequency is the same, how will this affect the wavelength of the waves? (2 pts.)

Even when they are assumed to have zero viscosity, surface gravity waves can be

demonstrated to slow down as the water depth decreases.

mvgc