DERMATOLOGY

Zienab Halem
Faculty of pharmacy SCU
 OBJECTIVES

• Atopic dermatitis .
• Contact dermatitis .
• Seborrheic dermatitis .
• Dandruff .
 DERMATITIS
• Dry skin ( xerosis ) .
• Extremely dry skin is a warning sign of dermatitis .
• Signs of dry skin : itching , rough , scaly , flaking skin , itching , gray ,
shy skin .
• causes of dry skin :
Age , climate , skin disease , career , swimming pools .
• Moisturizers such as urea or lactic acid make skin to hold water .
• Emollients ( e.g petrolatum ) are cosmotic preparations used for
protecting moisturizing and lubricating the skin
• Eczema : chronic inflammation of the
skin .
• Dermatitis : swollen , reddeness , itchy .
 ATOPIC DERMATITIS ( ECZEMA )

• 25 % of children and 3 % adults .

• Elevated serum IgE levels & family history of type I allergies
, rhinitis and asthma .
• Symptoms :
• Infants :
Sudden , xerosis , begins in the scalp and face especially on
the cheeks and can appear on the areas of body , itching may
come and go , blistering formation .
• Children :
Rash , xerosis , itchy , Scaly patches often begins in the creases
of the elbows or knees
Other common places : neck , wrist , ankles , legs .
lichenification ( skin thickened & leathery )
• Adults :
Xerosis is prominent .
A brown macular ring around the neck is typical but not always
present
Lesions become more diffuse with an erythema
• Managements :
• A – Non - pharmacological .
1- use of moisturizers .
Can be the main primary treatment for mild cases and should be part
of the regimen for moderate and severe cases .
Emollients ( lubricate and soften the skin ) : Glycol , glyceryl
stearate and soy sterols .
Occulative agents ( form a layer to relate evaporation of water ) :
petrolatum , dimethicone and mineral oil .
Humectants ( attract and hold water ) : glycerol , lactic acid and uric
acid
• 2 – bathing and bathing practices .
Worm water 5 – 10 minutes once daily

3 – application of moisturizers just after bathing

4 – use non – soap cleansers
5 – wet worm therapy
• B – pharmacological
1 – topical corticosteroids ( TCs )
During flare twice daily

For prevent recurrent ( maintenance therapy ) 1 – 2 times / weekly .

• 2 – topical calcineurin inhibitors ( immunomodulators )

Tacrolimus , pimecrolimus
During flare : twice daily
Maintenance therapy : 2 – 3 times / weekly

Side effect at first use : burning skin so use TCs first

• 3 – topical antimicrobial and antiseptics .
Staph.aureus is a frequent culprit and colonizer of the skin in Atopic
dermatitis .

Mupirocin
Twice daily only for
5 – 7 days
• 4 – topical antihistamines
not recommended for eczema

Systemic antihistamines . ( first generation )

Short term , may be beneficial in the setting of sleep loss
secondary to itch .
Non sedating not recommended
CONTACT DERMATITIS
• Irritant contact dermatitis : occurs when the skin comes in
contact with a substance that is irritating such as ; detergents ,
soaps , cleansers , oils , paints , hair dyes …

• Allergic contact dermatitis : when the skin develops an

allergy to a substance that comes into contact with it after one or
several exposures to substance such as ; cosmotics , metals , gold ,
latex clothing .
• Managements :
Cold moist compresses applied for 30 min. 3 times daily .
Calamine lotion or zinc oxide
Systemic 1st generation antihistamine
Topical Corticosteroids
 SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS

• Rash on areas of the body with a lot of oil producing glands

including scalp , upper back , eye brow , eye lash and nose .
• Treatment goals : loosen and remove scale , prevent a skin
infection and reduce sweeling and itching .
• Medications :
Antifungals
Topical corticosteroids
Keratolytics
Antihistamine
Dandruff shampoo
Anti androgens
 DANDRUFF
• Dandruff is a condition of less severity than seborrheic dermatitis .
• Features :
Dry scalp , itchy , flaky ( dead skin scales ) .

Common in early twenties .

• Selenium sulphide .
• Zinc pyrithione .( anti fungal properties )
• Ketoconazole