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A Chapter 8: Fatigue

The three major causes for mechanical failure are

Fatigue (90% of mechanical failure)
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Ca O Wear
M 6tmn Corrosion
R- O Defn: "Lowering of strength or progressive failure of material due to
repetitive cyclic
or load". Thus it is type of delayed fracture and occurs
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even when applied stress is less than the yield strength of the material.
Cyclic load eventually produces fine cracks on the surface of the
component, which grow very slowly at first and then extends very rapidly
across the entire part resulting in failure.

Examples: Connecting rod- subjected to pull & push

Rotating shaft- Reversal of direction through every 180
Aircraft wings- Bent back and forth due to air turbulence
Fatigue behavior is classified into
a) Low cycle fatigue occurs between 10" to 10 cycles and is associated 7ea
with relatively high loads hence it produces both elastic and plastic
strain during each cycle Gu
b) High cycle fatigue occurs when magnitude of the cycle is more than" A
10 cycles at low stress level, Hence only elasticstrain and longer life.-67

Fatigue stress develops in 4 principal ways;

1). Reversed stress cycle; Example A rotating shaft under bending load

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Omton

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