Chapt er 1: Ad ministration Cha pter 2: R efere nced Publications

1 .1 * Scope. This standard identifies the min imu m job per-
formance requirements (JPRs) necessary to perform the
duties as a member of an organized industrial fire brigade
providing services at a specific facility or site.
1.2 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to specify the
min imu m JPRs for industrial fire brigade members. It is not
the intent of the standard to restrict any ju risdict ion fro m
exceed ing these requirements.
1.3 Application.
1 .3 .1 * The management of the industrial fire b rigade shall
establish instruct ional prio rity and the train ing p rogram
content to prepare ind iv iduals to meet the JPRs o f this
standard. The JPRs found in Chapters 5 through 8 are not
required to be mastered in the o rder they appear.
1 .3 .1 .1* The management of the industrial fire brigade shall
establish an ongoing process to ensure that members
continue to meet the JPRs of th is standard.
1.3.2 Wherever in this standard the terms rules, regulations,
procedures, supplies, apparatus, or equipment are referred to, it
is imp lied that they are those of the management o f the
industrial fire brigade.
2.1 General. The documents or port ions thereof listed in
this chapter are referenced within this standard and shall
be considered part of the requ irements of th is document.
2.2 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association,
1 Battery march Park, Quincy MA 02169-7471.
NFPA 472, Standard for Professional Competence ofResponders
to Hazardous Materials Incidents, 2002 edition.
NFPA 600, Standard on Industrial Fire Brigades, 2005 edition.
NFPA 1002, Standard for Fire Apparatus Driver/Operator
Professional Qualifications, 2003 edition.
NFPA 1561, Standard on Emergency Services Incident
Management System, 2005 edition.
2.3 Other Pu blications.
2.3.1 U.S. Government Publications. U.S. Government
Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402.
Tit le 29, Code of Federal Regu lat ions, Part 1910.120.
2.3.2 Other Publications. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate
Dictionary, 11th edit ion, Merriam-Webster, Inc.,
Springfield, MA, 2003.
2.4 References for Extracts in Ma ndatory Sections.

1.4 Units and Formulas. In this standard, values for measure- NFPA 472, Standard for Professional Competence ofResponders
ment are follo wed by an equivalent in U.S. units , but only the to Hazardous Materials Incidents, 2002 edition.
first stated value shall be regarded as the requirement. NFPA 600, Standard on Industrial Fire Brigades, 2005 edition.
Equivalent values are not considered as the requirement, as NFPA 1000, Standard for Fire Service Professional Qualifications
these values can be approximate. (See Table 1.4.) Accreditation and Certification Systems, 2006 edition.
NFPA 1002, Standard for Fire Apparatus Driver/Operator
Professional Qualifications, 2003 edition.
NFPA 1021, Standard for Fire Officer Professional
Quantity SI U nit/ U.S . Un it/ Conversion Qualifications, 2003 edition.
Symbol Symbol Factor NFPA 1031, Standard for Professional Qualifications for Fire
Inspector and Plan Examiner, 2003 edition.
Length millimeter (m m) inch (in) 25.4 mm = 1 in NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational
meter (m) foot (ft) 0.305 m = 1 ft Safety and Health Program, 2007 edition.
2 2 NFPA 1521, Standard for Fire Department Safety Officer,
Area square meter square foot 0.0929 m = 1 ft
2 2 2002 edition.
(m ) (ft )
Volume liters per minute gallons per 3.78 L/min = 1 gpm NFPA 1620, Recommended Practice for Pre-Incident Planning,
(L/ min) minut e (gpm) 2003 edition.
2 2 NFPA 1710, Standard for the Organization and Deployment of
Pressure newtons/meter pounds per 0.345 N/m = 1 psi
2
(N/m ) square inch Fire Suppression Operations, Emergency Medical Operations,
(psi) and Special Operations to the Public by Career Fire
Departments, 2004 edition.
Chapter 3: Definitions
3.1 General. The defin itions contained in this chapter shall
apply to the terms used in th is standard. Where terms are
not defined in th is chapter o r within another chapter, they
shall be defined using their ordinarily accepted meanings
within the context in which they are used. Merriam-Webster's
Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, shall be the source for the
ordinarily accepted meaning.
3.2 NFPA Official Definitions.
3.2.1* Approved. Acceptable to the authority having
jurisdict ion.
3.2.2* Listed. Equip ment, materials, or services included in a
list published by an o rganizat ion that is acceptable to the
authority hav ing jurisdiction and concerned with evalua tion
of products or services, that maintains periodic inspection of
production o f listed equ ip ment or materials or periodic
evaluation of services, and whose listing states that either the
equip ment , material, or serv ice meets approp riate
designated standards or has been tested and found suitab le
for a specified purpose.
3.2.3 Standard. A document, the main text of which contains
only mandatory provisions using the word "shall" to indicate
requirements and which is in a form generally suitable for
mandatory reference by another standard or code or for
adoption into law. Nonmandatory provisions shall be located in
an appendix or annex, footnote, or fine-print note and are not
to be considered a part of the requirements of a standard.
3.3 General Definitions.
3.3.1 Certification. An authoritative attestment; specifically,
the issuance of a document that states that an individual has
demonstrated the knowledge and skills necessary to function
in a particu lar fire service pro fessional field. [1000, 2006]
3.3.2 Drill. An exercise involving a credib le simu lated
emergency that requ ires personnel to perfo rm emergency
response operations for the purpose of evaluating the effec
tiveness of the train ing and educat ion prog rams and the
co mpetence o f personnel in perfo rming requ ired response
duties and funct ions. [600, 2005]
3.3.3 Emergency Response Operations. Activities related to
emergency incidents, including response to the scene of the
incident and specific dut ies perfo rmed at the scene.
3.3.4 Encl osed Structure. A structure with a roof or ceiling
and at least t wo walls t hat can p resent fire hazards t o
emp loyees such as accu mu lat ions of s mo ke, to xic gases,
and h eat , s imilar to those found in bu ild ings . [600, 2005
3.3.5 Facility. A structure or building located on a site that
serves a particu lar purpose.
3.3.6 Fire Fighting.
3.3.6.1* Advanced Exterior Fire Fighting. Offensive fire
fighting performed outside of an enclosed structure when
the fire is beyond the incipient stage. (See also 3.3.8,
Incipient Stage.) [600, 2005]
3.3.6.2 Defensive Fire Fighting. The mode of manual fire
control in wh ich the on ly fire suppression activ ities
taken are limited to those requ ired to keep a fire fror
extend ing fro m one area to another. [600, 2005]
3.3.6.3 Incipient Fire Fighting. Fire fighting performed
inside or outside o f an enclosed structure o r build ing
when the fire has not progressed beyond incipient stage.
3.3.6.4* Interior Structural Fire Fighting. The physical
activity of fire suppression, rescue, or both, inside o f
build ings or enclosed structures that are involved in a fire
situation beyond the incipient stage. [600, 2005]
3.3.6.5 Offensive Fire Fighting. The mode of manual fire
control in wh ich manual fire suppression activit ies are
concentrated on reducing the size of a fire to acco m
plish ext ingu ish ment. [600, 2005]
3.3.6.6 Structural Fire Fighting. The activities of rescue,
fire suppression, and property conservat ion in bu ild
ings, enclosed structures, aircraft interiors, vehicles,
vessels, aircraft , or like propert ies that are involved in a
fire or emergency situat ion. [1710, 2004]
3.3.7 Incident Management System (IMS). A system that
defines the roles and responsibilit ies to be assumed by
personnel and the operating procedu res to be used in the
management and d irect ion of emergency operat ions; the
system is also referred to as an incident co mmand system
(ICS). [1021, 2003]
790 I N D U S T R I A L F I R E B R I G A D E :
Chapter 3: Definitions (continued)
3.3.8 Inci pient Stage. Refers to the severity of a fire where
the progression is in the early stage and has not developed
beyond that wh ich can be extingu ished using po rtable
fire ext inguishers o r hand lines flo wing up to 473 L/ min
(125 gp m). A fire is considered to be beyond the incipient
stage when the use of thermal p rotect ive cloth ing or
self-contained breath ing apparatus is required o r an indus
trial fire brigade member is required to crawl on the
ground or floo r to stay belo w s mo ke and heat .
3.3.9 Industrial Fire Brigade. An organized group of employ
ees within an industrial occupancy who are kno wledgeable,
trained, and skilled in at least basic fire fighting operat ions,
and whose fu ll-t ime occupat ion might o r might not be the
provision of fire suppression and related act iv ities for their
employer. [600, 2005]
3.3.10 Industrial Fire Brigade Apparatus. An industrial fire
brigade emergency response vehicle designed and
intended primarily fo r fire suppression, rescue, o r other
specialized function that includes pumpers, foam apparatus,
aerial ladders, rescue vehicles, and other such apparatus.
[600, 2005]
3.3.11 Industrial Fire Brigade Leader. An individual respon
sible for overseeing the performance or activ ity o f other
members.
3.3.12 Industrial Fire Brigade Management. The individual
designated by top management to be responsible for the
organizat ion, management, and funct ions of the industrial
fire brigade. [600, 2005]
3.3.13 Industrial Fire Brigade Training Coordinator. The desig
nated co mpany rep resentative with responsibility fo r coo r
dinating effective, consistent, and quality t raining within
the industrial fire b rigade t raining and educat ion p rogram.
[600, 2005]
3.3.14 Job Performance Requirement (JPR). A statement
that describes a specific job task, lists the items necessary
to co mp let e the task, and defines measurable o r observ
able outco mes and evaluat ion areas for the specific task.
[1000, 2006]
3.3.15 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Consists of full
thermal p rotective clothing , p lus a self-contained breath ing
apparatus (SCBA) and a personal alert safety system (PASS)
device.
3.3.16 Pre-lncident Plan. A document developed by gather
ing g eneral and detailed data used by responding person
nel to determine the resources and act ions necessary to
mit igate anticipated emergencies at a specific facility.
[1620, 2003]
P R I N C I P L E S A N D P R A C T I C E
3 .3 .17 Procedure. The series of actions, conducted in an
approved manner and sequence, designed to achieve an
intended outco me.
3.3.18 Rapid Intervention Crew/Company (RIC). A minimum
of t wo fu lly equ ipped members who are on -site and
assigned specifically to in itiate the immediate rescue o f
in ju red o r t rapp ed members. [1500, 2007]
3.3.19 Requisite Knowledge. Fundamental knowledge one
must have in o rder to perfo rm a specific tas k. [1031,
2003]
3.3.20 Requisite Skills. The essential skills one must have in
order to perfo rm a specific task. [1031, 2003]
3.3.21 Safely. To perform the assigned tasks without injury to
self or others, to the environment, or to property [472, 2002]
3.3.22 Site. The entire p remises within the governed prop
erty lines that contains one o r mo re facilities.
3.3.23 Site-Specific Hazard. A hazard that is present at the
specific facility for which the industrial fire brigade has
been organ ized. [600, 2005]
3.3.24 Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). A written orga
nizational d irective that establishes or p rescribes specific
operational or ad min istrative methods to be fo llowed rou
tinely for the performance o f des ignated operations o r
actions. [1521, 2002]
3.3.25* Support Member. Personnel assigned to the industrial
fire brigade to perform specific response duties, includ ing
those people who have specific technical knowledge or skills
or who have been given specific assignments that indirect ly
support manual fire suppression efforts. [600, 2005]
3.3.26 Task. A specific job behavior or activity. [1002, 2003]
3.3.27 Team. Two or more indiv iduals who have been
assigned a co mmon t ask and are in co mmun icat ion with
each other, coordinate their act iv ities as a wo rk group, and
support the safety of one another.
3.3.28* Thermal Protective Clothing. Protective clothing such
as helmets, footwear, g loves, hoods, trousers, and coats that
are des igned and manufactured to protect the fire b rigade
member fro m the adverse effects of fire. [600, 2005]
3.3.29 Zone.
3.3.29.1 Cold Zone. The area immed iately outside the
boundary of the established warm zone where personnel
are safe fro m the adverse effects of a fire. [600, 2005]
3.3.29.2 Hot Zone. The area immed iately surrounding
the physical locat ion of a fire having a boundary that
 NFPA 1081, Standard far Industrial Fire Brigade Member Pro fessional Qualifications, Z007 Ed ition
extends far enough fro m the fire to p rotect industrial
fire brigade members positioned outside the hot zone
fro m being direct ly exposed to flames, dense smoke, or
ext reme temperatu res. [600, 2005]
3.3.29.3 Warm Zone. The control area immediately out-
side the boundary of the established hot zone having a
boundary that extends far enough fro m the hot zone to
protect personnel outside the warm zone fro m the
adverse effects of the fire. [600, 2005]
Chapter 4: Entrance Requirements
4.1* General . Prio r to entering t raining to meet the
requ irements o f Chapters 5 th rough 8, th e candid ate shall
meet the ent rance and educat ional requ irements estab -
lished by the management of the industrial fire brig ade and
the medical- and job-relat ed physical requ irements
est ablis hed by NFPA 600, Standar d on Indus tr ial Fir e
Brigades.
4.2* Emergency Me dical Care. The emergency medical care
performance capabilit ies for industrial fire brigade personnel
shall be determined and validated by the management of
the industrial fire brigade.
4.3 Job Performan ce Re quirements (JPRs). The JPRs shall be
acco mp lished in accordance with the requ irements o f the
management of the industrial fire brigade and NFPA 600,
Standard on Industr ial Fir e Br igades.
4.3 .1* In add it ion to th e requ irements defin ed in Ch apters
5 through 8, th e manag ement o f the industrial fire brigade
shall define the s ite-specific requirements fo r each level o f
industrial fire b rigade membership that are app licab le to its
emp loyees and shall include those requ irements in the
evaluat ion of the emp loyee at the app licab le level. The
process used to ident ify the s ite-specific requ irements fo r a
site or facility shall be docu mented .
4.3.2* Perfo rmance of each requirement of th is standard
shall be evaluated by ind ividuals approved by the manage-
ment of the industrial fire b rigade.
4.3.3 The entrance requirements of Chapter 4 shall be met
prio r to beg inning t rain ing at the incip ient level.
4.3.4* Prio r to being qualified or cert ified at the incip ient
level, the candidate shall meet the JPRs defined in Sect ions
5.1 and 5.2 and the applicab le site -specific requ irements in
Section 5.3 as defined by the management o f the industrial
fire brigade.
4.3.4.1 The incipient level is the first level of progression for
the subsequent levels of progression in this standard.
791
4.3.5 Prio r to being qualified o r cert ified at the advanced
exterior level, the industrial fire brigade member shall
meet the JPRs of Sect ions 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, and 6.2 and the
applicab le s ite-specific requirements in Sections 5.3 and
6.3 as defined by the management o f the industrial fire
brigade.
4.3.6 Prio r to being qualified o r cert ified at the interior
structural level, the industrial fire brigade member shall
meet the JPRs of Sect ions 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, and 7.2 and the
applicable site-specific requirements in Sections 5.3 and
7.3 as defined by the management o f the industrial fire
brigade.
4.3.7 Prio r to being qualified o r cert ified at the interior
structural/advanced exterio r level, the industrial fire
brigade member shall meet the JPRs of Chapters 5 , 6 , and
7 and the applicab le site -specific requ irements as defined
by the management o f the industrial fire brigade.
4.3.8 Prior to being qualified or cert ified at the fire b rigade
leader level, the industrial fire b rigade member shall meet
the JPRs o f Chapters 5, 6, or 7 fo r the level of the indus
trial fire brigade he o r she is lead ing and the app licab le
site-specific requirements as defined by the management of
the industrial fire brigade.
4.3.9* Industrial fire brig ade memb ers who operate
industrial fire brig ade app aratus in th e perfo rmance o f their
duties at any level of qualificat ion defined by th is docu ment
shall meet t he app licab le requ irements as det ermined by
the management o f th e industrial fire brigade in Chapters 4
through 10 of NFPA 1002, Standard for Fir e Appar atus
Driver /O per ator Pr ofess ional Qualifications.
4.3.9.1 Prior to operat ing industrial fire brigade apparatus,
the fire apparatus operator/driver shall meet the JPRs of
Chapter 4, Sect ions 5.1 through 5.3, and the app licab le
site-specific requirements as defined by the management of
the industrial fire brigade.
4.3.10* Prio r to responding to incidents such as civ il unrest,
use of weapons of mass destruction, or acts of te rroris m, the
management of the industrial fire brigade shall p rovide
appropriate train ing to members that is consistent with their
role.
4.3.11 Incident Command Training. The management of the
industrial fire brigade shall p rovide incident management
system train ing to industrial fire brigade members as defined
by the Nat ional Incident Management System (N IM S) and
NFPA 1561, Standard on Emergency Serv ices Incident
Managem ent Sys tem.
792 I N D U S T R I A L F I R E B R I G A D E :
Chapter 5: Incipient Industrial Fire Brigade
Member
5.1 G en era l. This d uty s hall in volv e initiating co m m uni c a-
tions , usin g f a cility co m m uni catio ns eq uip m ent to ef fe ctiv ely
rel a y or al or writt en inf o r m ation , re sp on din g t o al ar ms ,
ret u rni ng eq ui p m ent to s er vi c e, an d c o m pl etin g i n cid e nt
re p orts , a c c or di ng to th e JP Rs in 5 .1 . 1 t hr ou g h 5. 2 .3 .
5.1.1 Qua lificat ion o r Cert ificat ion. For qu alification or certi
fi c atio n at th e i n cipi e nt i n du stri al fi r e bri g a d e l e v el, t h e
ind ust ri al fir e bri g a d e m e m b e r s h all m e et th e J P Rs o f
C h a pt er 4, S e c tio n s 5 .1 a n d 5 .2 , an d t h e sit e- s p e cifi c
r eq ui r e m e nts i n S e cti on 5. 3 a s d e fin e d b y t h e m a n ag e m e nt
of th e i nd ust ri al fir e bri g a d e a n d t h e r e qui r e m e nts d e fi n ed
in Ch a pter 4 of N FP A 4 72, Sta nd ard fo r Prof ession al
Co mp etenc e of R espo nd ers to Haz ardous M aterials Incidents.
5.1.2 Basic Incipient Industrial Fire Brigade Member JPRs. All
ind ustri al fir e b rig a d e m e m b ers s h all h a v e a ge n e r al kn o wl -
e dg e of b asi c fir e b e h avi or , o p e r atio n w it hin an i n cid e nt
m a n a g e m e nt s y st e m , o p e r atio n wit hi n t h e e m e r g e n c y
r es p o ns e o p e r ati on s pl a n f or t h e sit e, th e st a n d a r d o p er at in g
a nd s a f et y pr o c e d ur e s fo r th e sit e, a nd sit e -s p e cifi c h a z ar ds.
5 .1 . 2 .1 Initiat e a re sp ons e t o a re po rte d e m er g en c y, giv en th e
r ep o rt of a n e m e r g e n cy , f a cility st a n d ar d o p e r atin g
p ro c e d u r e s , a n d c o m m u ni c a ti on s e qui p m e n t, so t h at all
n e c es s a ry i nf o r m ati o n i s o bt ai n e d a n d co m m u n i c ati on s
e qui p m e nt is o p er at e d p r op e rl y.
(A) R eq uisite K no wle dg e. P ro c ed ur es f or r ep orting a n
e mer ge nc y.
(B) R e quisit e S kills. T he a bility to op e r ate f a cility co m m u
ni c a ti o n s e q u i p m e n t , r e l a y i n f o r m a ti o n , a n d r e c o r d
in fo r m a ti o n.
5.1.2.2* Tr a ns mit an d r e cei v e m ess a g es vi a th e f a cility co m -
m u ni c atio ns s yst e m , gi v e n f a cility co m m u ni c ati on s e q uip -
m e nt a nd o p er ati n g p r o c e d ur e s, s o t h at t h e in f o r m ati on is
pr o m ptl y r el ay e d an d is a c c u r at e, c o m plet e , a n d cl e a r .
(A) Re quisite Kn owl edg e. Fa cility co m mu nic ations pr oc e
du r es a nd eti qu ette f or r outi ne tr af fi c, e m e rg e n cy tr af fic ,
a nd e m er g e n cy ev a c u atio n sig n als.
(B) R eq uisite S kills. T h e ability to o pe r ate f a cility c o m mu ni
c ati o n s e q ui p m e nt a n d dis c ri mi n at e b et w e e n r o uti n e a n d
e m e rg e n c y c o m m uni c atio ns .
5.1.2.3 R esp o nd to a f a cility e m er g en c y, gi v en th e n e ce ss ar y
e q uip m e n t a n d f a cilit y r es p o ns e p r o c e d ur e s, s o t h at t h e t e a m
m e m b e r a r riv e s i n a s a f e m a n n e r.
( A) Re quisite K no wled ge . F acility layo ut, sp eci al ha z ards , a nd
e m e r g en c y r e sp o ns e p r o c e du r es .
P R I N C I P L E S A N D P R A C T I C E
(B) R eq uisite S kills. Th e a bility to r e cog niz e res pons e h az -
ar ds a nd to s a fel y us e e a ch pie c e of r es p on s e e qui p m e nt
pr ovi d ed .
5.1.2.4* Ret ur n e qui p m ent t o s e rvi c e, giv e n a n assi gn m e nt,
poli cies , a nd p ro c e du r es, so th at t he eq uip m e nt is i ns pe ct e d,
d a m ag e is n ote d, t h e e q uip m e nt is cle a n , a n d th e eq ui p m ent is
pla c ed in a re a dy stat e for s er vic e or is r ep ort ed ot he r wis e.
(A) R equisite K no wled ge . Typ es of cle anin g meth ods for v ari
ou s e q uip m e nt , c o rr e ct us e o f cl e a ni ng m at e ri als, a nd m a n
uf a ct ur e r's or f a cility g uid eli ne s fo r r etu r nin g e qui p m e nt t o
servic e.
(B) R eq uisite S kills. T h e ability to cl e an , ins p ect, an d m ain
tai n e q ui p m e nt a n d t o c o m pl et e r e c o r din g a n d r e p o rti n g
pr o c ed u r es.
5.1 .2 .5* Co m pl et e a b asi c in ci d e nt r e po rt, giv e n th e r e p ort
fo r m s, g ui d elin e s, an d in ci d e nt i nf o r m atio n , so th at all
p erti n e nt i nf o r m atio n is r e c or d e d, t h e i nf o r m atio n is a c cu -
r at e, a n d t h e r e p o rt i s c o m pl et e .
(A) R eq uisite Kn o wle dg e. C ont ent r eq uir e m ents fo r b asi c
in cid e nt r e p orts , t h e p u rp os e a nd us e ful n es s o f a c c ur at e
r ep o rts, c on s e qu e n c es of in a c c u r at e r e po rts , a n d h o w to
obt ai n n e c ess a ry in fo r m atio n .
(B) R eq uisite S kills. T he a bility to c ollect ne c ess ar y inf or m a
tion , p ro o f r e po rts , a n d o p er at e f a cilit y e q uip m e nt n e c es
sa r y t o c o m pl et e r e p orts .
5.2 Manu al F ire Supp ress ion. T his duty sh all involv e tasks
rel ate d to th e m an ual co ntrol of fir es an d p ro p erty co ns er v a tion
a ctivities b y t he in cipie nt in dustri al fir e b rig ad e m e m b er.
5 .2 . 1 * Exti ng uis h i n cipi e nt fi r es, giv e n a n i n cipi e nt fi r e a n d
a s el e cti o n o f p o rt a bl e fir e e xti n gui s h er s, s o th at t h e c o rr e ct
e xtin g uis h er is ch os e n , t h e fir e is co m pl et el y e xti n gui s h e d,
p ro p e r e xti n g uis h e r -h a n dli n g t e c h ni q u es a r e f ollo w e d , a nd
th e a r e a o f o rigi n a n d fir e c a us e evi d e n c e a r e p r es er v e d.
(A) R equisite K no wled ge . Th e classific ations of fire; risks
as so ci at e d w it h e a c h cl a ss o f fir e; a nd t h e t yp e s, r ati n g
syst e ms , o p er atin g m eth o ds, an d li mit atio ns o f p ort a ble fi r e
exti ng uish e rs.
(B) Re quisite Skills. Th e ability to s ele ct, c arr y, a nd op er ate
po rt a bl e fir e e xtin g uish e rs , u sin g t h e ap p ro p ri at e e xtin
gui sh e r b a s ed on t h e si z e a nd ty p e of fi r e.
5.2 .2 * Co ns e r v e pr o p ert y , giv e n s p e cial to ols a nd eq ui p m e nt
a nd a n a ssi gn m e nt wit hin t h e f a cility , so th at th e fa cility an d
its c o nte nts ar e p rot e ct e d fr o m f urt h er d a m a g e.
(A) R equisite Kn owled ge. Th e pur pose of pro perty cons erv ation
an d its v alu e to t h e or g ani z ation , m et ho ds us e d to p r ote ct
 NFPA 1081, Standard tap Industrial F ire Brigade Memb er Pro fession al Quallfications, 2007 Ed ition
pro p erty , met ho ds to r e du c e d a m ag e to pr op ert y, ty pes of a nd
uses fo r sal va ge c ov ers , an d o pe rations at pr op erties prot ect ed
with a uto m atic s prin kle rs or s p eci al p rot ectio n s yste ms .
(B) R equisite S kills. T he a bility to de ploy co vering m aterials,
co ntr ol extin guis hin g ag e nts, a nd c ov e r b uildin g op e nin gs,
inclu ding d oo rs, wi nd o ws , flo or o pe nin gs, a nd ro of op e ning s.
5.2.3 E xit ha z a rd o us a r e a, gi v en th at t he fi r e h as pr o gr ess e d
b e yo n d t h e in ci pi e nt sta g e , so t h at a s af e h a v en is f o u nd a nd
th e t e a m m e m b e r s' s af et y i s m a int ai n e d.
(A) R eq uisite Kn owl ed g e. Co m m u nic ation p ro c ed ur es, e m e r
g en c y ev a c u ati on m et ho ds , w h at c on stitut es a s a f e h a v en ,
a n d el e m e nt s t h at c r e at e or in di c at e a h a z a r d.
(B) R eq uisite S kills. Th e a bility to follo w f a cility ev a cu atio n
ro ut es, e v alu at e a r e as f or h a z ar ds , a nd id e ntify a s a f e h av e n.
5.3 * S it e-Sp ecific Req uirem en ts. Th e m a na g e me nt of the
ind ust ri al fi r e bri g a d e sh all d et er m in e th e sit e- sp e ci fi c
r eq uir e m e nt s t h at ar e a ppli c a bl e t o t h e i n cipi e nt i nd ust ri al
fir e bri g a d e m e m b e r s o p e r ati ng on t h eir sit e. T h e p r o c es s
us e d to d et er m in e t h e site -s p e ci fi c r e q uir e m e nt s sh all b e
d o cu m e n t e d, an d th e s e a d diti on al J P Rs a dd e d to t ho s e
id e ntifi e d i n S e cti o ns 5 . 1 a n d 5 .2 .
5.3.1* Att a ck a n in ci pie nt st ag e fir e, giv e n a h a n dlin e fl o w in g
u p to 4 7 3 L/ m i n ( 1 2 5 g p m ) , a p p r o pri a t e e q u i p m e nt , an d a
fir e situ atio n , s o t h at t h e fir e is a p pr o a c h ed s a f ely , e x po su r es
a r e pr ot e ct ed , t h e sp r e a d of fi r e is st op p e d, a g ent ap pli c atio n
is ef f e ctiv e , th e fi r e i s e xtin g uis h ed , an d th e a r e a o f o rigi n an d
fir e c a us e e vid e n c e a r e p r es er v e d.
(A) R eq uisite Kn owl ed ge . Ty pes of h an dlines use d f or atta ck
ing i n cipi e nt fi r es , p r e c a utio ns t o b e f oll o w e d w h e n
a dv a n ci ng h an dli n es t o a fi r e, o bs e r v abl e r es ults th at a fi r e
str e a m h as b e en pr o p erl y a p plie d , d an g e ro us buil din g co n
ditio ns c r e at e d by fi r e, pri n cipl es o f e x p os ur e p r ot e ctio n,
a n d d a n g e rs s u c h as e x p os u r e t o pr o d u ct s o f c o m b u sti o n
r es ultin g fr o m fi r e c on ditio n .
(B) R eq uisite S kills. Th e a bility to re c og niz e i nh er e nt h a za rds
r elat e d t o t h e m a t eri al's c o nfi gu r atio n; o p er at e h a n dlin e s;
p r e v e nt w a t e r h a m m e r s w h e n s h uttin g d o w n no z z l es;
o p en , clo s e, a nd a dj ust n o z zl e fl o w; a d v an c e c h a rg e d a n d
un c h a rg e d h os e; ext e n d h a ndli n es; o p er at e h a n dlin e s; e v al
u at e a n d m o dif y w a t e r a p pli c atio n f o r m a x i m u m p en et r a
tion; a ss es s p atte r ns f or o ri gin d et e r mi n atio n; a nd e v alu at e
fo r c o m pl et e e xtin g uis h m e nt.
5.3 .2 * A ctivat e a fi xe d fire p rot ectio n s yste m , giv en a fix ed
fir e p rot e ctio n sy ste m , a p ro c e du r e, a nd a n as sig n m e nt, so
th at t h e st e ps a r e f oll o w e d a nd t h e sy st e m op e r at es .
( A) Re quisite Kn owl edg e. Ty p es of exting uishing ag ents,
h a z ar ds ass o ci at ed wit h sy ste m o p er ati on , h o w th e s yst e m
o p er at e s, s e q u e n c e o f o p er ati o n, s yst e m o v e rri d es a n d
793
m a n u al int e r v e ntio n p r o c e du r es , a n d s h utd o w n p ro c e d u r es
to p r e v ent d a m a g e to th e o p er at e d s yst e m o r t o t h os e s ys -
te ms ass o ci at e d w ith th e o p e r at e d s yst e m .
(B) R eq uisite S kills. Th e ability to op er ate fix e d fir e p rote c-
tion s yst e m s via ele ct ric al or m e c h ani c al m e a ns.
5.3.3 * Utiliz e m ast e r st r e a m ap pli a n c es, gi v e n a n a ssi gn -
m e nt, an exti ng uis hi ng ag e nt, an d a m ast e r str e a m d evi c e , s o
th at t h e a g e nt is a p pli e d t o t h e fi r e a s a ssi g n e d.
(A) R eq uisite Kn owl ed g e. S a fe o p er ation of m ast er stre a m
a ppli an c es , us es f or m ast er str e a m ap plia n c es , t a ctics u sin g
fix e d m a st er str e a m a p plia n c es , a n d p ro p e rty co ns e r v atio n.
(B) R eq uisite S kills. Th e a bility to put int o s er vic e a fixe d
m a ste r str e a m a ppli a n c e, an d to ev al u at e a n d fo r e c ast a
fir e's g r o wt h a nd d e v elo p m e nt.
5.3.4* Est a blish a w at er s up ply f or fi re -fi g hting o p e rati on s,
giv e n a n a ssi g n m e nt, a w a t e r so u r c e, a n d t o ols, s o th at a
w a t er s u p ply is est a blis h e d a n d m a int ai n e d .
(A) R eq uisite Kn owl ed g e. Wat er s ou r ce s, op er ation o f site
w a t e r s up pl y c o m p o n e nts , h y d r a uli c p ri n ci pl es , a n d t h e
e ff e ct o f m e c h a ni c al d a m a g e a n d t e m p e r atu r es o n th e o p e r -
a bility o f t h e w at e r su p pl y s o ur c e .
(B) R e quisite S kills. T he ability to o p er ate th e sit e w at er
su p ply c o m p o n e nts a n d t o id e nti fy d a m a g e or i m p air m e n t.
5.3.5 P erf o r m a fir e s af et y s ur v e y i n a f a cility, giv e n a n
as sig n m e nt, s ur v e y fo r m s, an d p r o c ed u r es, s o t h at fir e a n d
life sa f ety h a z a rd s ar e id e ntifie d, r e c o m m e n d atio ns fo r t h eir
c or r e cti o n a r e m a d e , a n d u nr e sol v e d iss u es a r e r ef e r r e d t o
th e pr o p er a uth orit y.
(A) R eq uisite Kn owl ed ge . Or g aniz ation al p olicy an d p ro c e
d ur e s, c o m m o n c au s es of fi r e a n d th ei r p r e v e ntio n, t h e
im po rt an c e o f fir e s a f ety, an d r ef e rr al p ro c e du r es.
(B) R eq uisite Skills. T h e ability to co m plete fo r ms, r e co gni ze
h a za r ds, m at ch fi ndi ngs to p r e ap p ro v ed r e c o m m e n d atio ns,
an d ef fe ctiv ely c o m mu nic at e fin din gs to t he pr o pe r auth ority.
Chapter 6: Advanced Exterior Industrial Fire
Brigade Member
6.1 * Ge ne ral .
6.1.1 Qualification or Certification. For qualificat ion or certi-
ficat ion at the advanced exterior industrial fire brigade
memb er lev el, the industrial fire brigad e member shall meet
the JPRs o f Ch apter 4, Sect ions 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, and 6.2, and
the site-specific requirements in Sect ions 5.3 and 6.3 as
defined by the man agement o f the industrial fire brigade.
 794 I N D U S T R I A L F I R E B R I G A D E :
Chapter 6: Advanced Exterior Industrial Fire
Brigade Member (continued)
6.1.2 Basic Adva nced Exteri or I nd ustrial Fi re Br iga de Me mber
JPRs.
6 .1 .2 .1 Utiliz e a p re -in cid ent pla n, gi v en pr e-in cid e nt pl ans
a nd a n a ssig n m e nt, s o t h at th e i n du stri al fi r e b rig a d e m e m be r
im pl e m e nt s t h e r e s p on s es d et ail ed b y t h e pl an .
(A) R equisite K no wled ge . Th e so ur ces of w at er su pply for fire
prot e ction o r ot he r fire - extin guis hing a g ents, site -sp e cific
h a z ar ds, th e f u nd a m e nt als o f fir e su p pr es sio n a n d d ete cti on
syst e ms i n clu din g s p eci aliz e d a g ents , a nd c o m m o n s y mb ols
use d i n di ag r a m min g co nstr uctio n fe atu r es, utilities, h a z ar ds,
an d fir e p rot e ction syst e ms.
(B) R eq uisite S kills. T h e ability to id entify th e c o mp on e nts o f
th e p r e -fi r e pl a n s u c h as fi r e s u pp r es si on a n d d et e cti o n
syst e ms , str u ctu r al f e at ur es , site -s p e cifi c h a z ar ds , a nd
re sp o ns e c o nsid e r atio ns .
6.1 .2 .2* Int e rf a c e wit h o utsi d e m ut u al ai d o r g ani z ati o ns,
giv e n st a n d ar d o p er atin g p ro c e d ur es ( S O Ps) f o r m utu al aid
r es p o ns e an d c o m m u ni c ati o n p r oto c ol s, s o th at a u ni fi e d
c o m m a n d is est a blis h e d a nd m ai nt ai n e d.
(A) R eq uisite Kn o wle dg e. M utu al aid pr oc e du r es an d th e
str u ctu r e o f t h e m ut u al ai d o r g ani z ati o n, sit e S O Ps , a n d
in cid e nt m a n a g e m e nt s yst e m s.
(B) R eq uisite S kills. T h e ability to c o m m uni cat e wit h m utu al
ai d o rg a ni z atio ns a nd t o i nt eg r at e o p e r atio n al p e rs on n el
int o t e a m s u n d e r a u nifi e d c o m m a n d .
6.2 Ma n ual Fire S u pp ressi on.
6.2 .1 * Us e t h er m al pr ot e ctiv e cl othi n g d uri n g e xt eri o r
fir efi g htin g op e r atio ns, giv e n t h er m al p rot e ctiv e clot hin g, s o
th at t h e cl othi n g i s c or r e ctl y d on n e d, w o r n, an d d o ff e d .
(A) R e quisite Kn o wle dg e . Co n ditions th at re q uir e p ers on al
pr ot e ctio n, us e s a nd li mitati on s of th e r m al pr ot e ctiv e cl oth
ing , c o m p o n ent s o f t h er m al pr ot e cti v e cl othi n g e ns e m bl e ,
a n d d o nni n g a nd d of fi ng p ro c e d u r es .
(B) R eq uisite S kills. T h e ability to c or r ectly d on a nd d of f
the r m al p rot e ctiv e clot hin g a n d t o p er fo r m assi gn m e nts
w hil e w e a ri ng th e r m al pr ot e ctiv e clothi n g.
6.2 .2 * Us e SC B A a nd P A SS d evi c e du rin g ext eri or fir e- fig hting
op er atio ns, giv en S CB A , P AS S, th e r m al p rot ectiv e cl ot hi n g,
a n d ot h e r p e rs o n al p r ot e ctiv e e q ui p m e nt, s o t h at t he S C B A
an d P A SS d evi c e is co rr e ctly d on n ed a n d a cti v at e d , t h e
e q uip m e n t is c o r r e ctl y w o r n, co nt r oll e d br e at h ing te c h niq u es
ar e us e d , e m er g e nc y pr o c e du r es a r e en a ct e d if th e SC B A f ails,
all lo w - air w ar nin gs a r e re c o gni z ed , r es pir at or y p r ot e ctio n is
not i nte nti on all y c o m p r o mis e d,
P R I N C I P L E S A N D P R A C T I C E
h a z ar d o us a r e as a r e e xit ed pri or t o ai r d e pl etio n, a nd t h e
SCB A is co rr ectly d off ed .
(A) R eq uisite Kn o wle dg e. C on ditions th at r eq uir e res pir ato ry
pr ot e cti on , us e s a n d li mit ati on s o f SC B A , c o m po n e nts o f
SC B A , do n nin g an d d o ffi n g p ro c e d ur e s, br e at hin g t e ch
ni qu e s, i n di c atio n s f or a n d e m e r g e n c y p r o c e d ur e s u s ed
with S CB A , a nd p hysi c al r eq uir e m ents of th e S C B A w e a r er.
(B) Re quisite Skills. The a bility to control br e athing, us e SC B A
in limited visibility co nditions, re pla c e S CB A air cylind er s,
use S CB A to e xit thr ou g h r estri cte d pa ss ag es, initiate a nd
co m plete e m e rg en cy p ro c edu r es in th e e ve nt of SC B A f ailur e
or air d e pleti on , a n d do n nin g a n d d of fin g pr o c e d u r es .
6.2 .3 * Att a c k a n e xt e rio r fi r e o p er ati ng as a m e m b e r of a
te a m, giv e n a w at er s ou r c e, a h an dlin e , p er so n al pr ot e ctiv e
e qui p m e nt , t o ols , a n d an a ssi gn m e nt , s o th at t e a m i nt eg rity is
m ai nt ain e d , t h e att a c k lin e is c o rr e ctl y d e plo y e d f or
a dv a n c e m e nt , a c c e ss i s g ain e d int o t h e fir e a r e a, ap p ro p ri ate
a ppli c ati o n p r a ctic e s ar e us e d, t h e fi r e i s a p pr o a c h e d i n a s af e
m a n n er , att a c k te c h ni qu e s f a cilitat e s u pp r es sio n gi v en th e
lev el o f t h e fir e , hid d en fi r es a r e l o c at ed an d c o n troll ed , th e
c or r e ct b o dy po stu r e i s m ai nt ai n ed , h a z a r ds a r e av oi d ed or
m a n a g e d, an d th e fi r e i s b ro u ght un d e r c o ntr ol.
(A) R eq uisite K no wle dg e. P rin ciples of fir e str ea ms; ty p es,
de sig n, o p er atio n, n oz zl e pr e ssu r e ef f e cts, a nd fl o w c a p abil
itie s of n o z zl es; p re c a utio ns to b e f ollo w e d w h e n a dv a n ci ng
h an dli n es to a fir e; ob s er v a bl e r es ults t h at a fir e str e a m h as
b e e n c o r r e ctly a p pli e d; d a n g er o us c o nditi o ns c r e at e d b y
fir e; p rin ci pl es of ex p os u r e p rot e cti on; pot e nti al l o ng -t er m
c on s e qu e n c es of e xp os u r e t o p ro d u cts o f co m b usti o n;
ph y sic al st at es of m att er i n w hi c h f u els ar e f o u nd; th e
a ppli c ati o n of e a c h siz e a n d t yp e of att a ck lin e; th e rol e of
th e b a c ku p t e a m i n fi r e att a c k situ ati on s; att a c k a n d c o ntr ol
te c hni q u es; an d ex p osi ng hid d e n fir e s.
(B) R e quisite S kills. Th e a bility to p r ev e nt w at er h a m m e rs
w h e n s h utti ng d o w n n o z zl e s; o p e n, cl os e , an d a dj ust n o z
zl e fl o w a nd p atte r ns; a p pl y w a t er u sin g di r e ct, in di r e ct,
a n d c o m bi n ati o n att a c k s; a d v a n c e ch a r g e d a n d un c h a r g e d
38 m m (1 7 2 i n. ) di a m et e r o r l a r g er h a n dlin e s; e xt e nd h an d -
lin es; r e pl a c e b urst ho s e s e ctio ns; o p e r at e c h ar g e d h a n d -
lin es o f 3 8 m m ( 17 2 i n .) di a m e t er o r l ar g er; c ou pl e an d
u n co u pl e v ari o us h a ndli n e c on n e cti o ns; c a rr y ho s e; att a c k
fir es; a nd lo c at e a nd s u pp r es s hi dd e n fi r es .
6.2.4 C o nd u ct s e a r ch a nd r es c u e o p er atio ns as a m e m b er of a
te a m, giv e n a n as sig n m e nt, o bs c ur e d visio n co n dition s,
p ers o n al pr ot e ctiv e e q uip m e nt, a fla shli ght , fo r cibl e e ntr y
tools , h an dlin e s, an d l a dd e rs w h en ne c e ss ar y , s o t h at all
eq uip m e nt is c or r ectl y us e d, all assi gn e d a r e as a r e se a r ch e d, all
victi ms a r e lo c ate d a nd r e m ov e d, t e a m int e grity is m ain tain e d,
a nd t e a m m e m b e rs' s a f ety , in cl udi ng r es pir at or y pr ot e ctio n, is
not co m p ro mi s ed .
 NFPA 1081, Stand ard fop Industrial fire Brigad e Member Pro fession al Qu ali fication s, 2007 Ed ition
(A) Re quisite Kno wle dg e. Us e of ap pr opri ate to ols an d eq uip
m e nt, ps y ch olo gi cal ef f ects o f o p er atin g i n ob sc u re d c o ndi
tions a nd w a ys to m an a g e th e m , m et h od s t o d et er mi n e i f a n
a re a is t en a bl e, p ri m a ry an d s e co n d ar y s e ar c h t e c h niq u es ,
te a m m e m b e rs' r ole s a n d go al s, m eth o ds t o us e a nd in di c a
tors o f fin din g victi ms , vi ctim r e m ov al m eth ods , a nd co n
sid er atio ns r el ate d t o r espi r ator y p rot e ctio n.
(B) R eq uisite S kills. Th e ability to us e S CB A to e xit thro ug h
r est ri ct ed p ass a g es , u s e t o ols an d eq ui p m e nt f or v ari o us
typ es o f r es cu e o p er atio ns , re s cu e a n i n dust rial fir e b rig a d e
m e m b er wit h f un cti oni n g r es pir at or y p rot e ctio n , r es c u e a n
ind ust ri al fi r e b rig a d e m e m b e r w h o s e r es pi r ato r y p rot e c
tion is not f u n cti oni n g, r es c u e a p er so n w h o h as n o r es pi
r ato ry pr ot e ctio n, an d a ss es s a r e as t o d et er mi n e te n a bility .
6.2.5 * C on s er v e p ro p ert y o p er ati ng as a m e m b e r of a t e a m ,
giv e n s p e ci al t o ols a n d e q ui p m e nt a n d a n a ssi g n m ent wit hi n
th e f a cilit y, s o t h at ex p os e d p r op e rt y a n d t h e e nvi r on m e nt
a r e p rot e ct e d f r o m f u rth e r d a m a g e .
(A) R eq uisite K no wle dg e. T h e p ur pos e of pr op ert y co nse rv a
tion an d its v alu e to th e o r g ani z ati on , m et h od s us e d t o
pr ot e ct pr o p ert y, m eth o ds to r e d u ce d a m ag e to pr o p ert y,
typ es of a nd u ses f or s alv ag e c ov e rs, o p er atio ns at p ro p ertie s
pr ot e ct ed wit h a uto m ati c s pri nkl e rs o r sp e ci al p rot e cti on
syst e ms , u n de rst a n din g t h e i m p a ct o f usi ng m ast e r st r e a ms
an d multipl e h os e st r e a ms on pr op e rty c o ns er v atio n, p arti c
ula rly as it c a n r elat e t o t h e i m p act o n o utsid e f a cilities.
(B) Req uisite S kills. Th e a bility to d eploy cov ering mate rials,
co ntrol extin guishi ng a ge nts, an d co v er buildin g op enin gs,
inclu ding do ors , win do w s, floo r o p enin gs, a nd ro of op e nings .
6.2.6 O v er h a ul a fir e s c e n e, giv e n p er so n al p rot e cti ve
e q ui p m e nt, a h an dli n e , h a n d t ool s, a fl as hli ght , a nd a n
as sig n m ent , so th at st ru ct ur al int e grit y is not co m p ro mi s ed ,
all hid d e n fir e s a r e dis c ov e r ed , fir e c a us e e vid e n c e is p re -
se rv e d , a nd t h e fir e is e xtin g uish e d .
(A) Re quisite Kn owled ge . Typ es o f fire h andli nes an d w ater
ap plic ation de vic es m ost eff e ctiv e f or ov e rh aul, w ater a ppli
c ation met ho ds fo r e xting uish m ent th at limit w at er d a m ag e ,
typ es of tools a n d m eth ods us e d to ex pos e hid d en fir e , d a n
ge rs asso ci ated with ov er h aul, ob vious signs o f ar e a o f origi n
or signs o f ar so n, a nd r e as ons f or pr ot ectio n of fir e sc e n e.
(B) R eq uisite S kills. Th e a bility to d epl oy an d op er at e a h an
dlin e , e xp os e voi d sp a c es wit ho ut c o m p ro misi n g st r u ctu r al
inte grity , a ppl y w at e r fo r m a xi mu m ef f e ctiv en es s, ex po se
a nd e xtin g uis h hi d d en fir e s, r e c o g ni z e a n d p r es e r v e o bvi
ou s si g ns o f a r e a of ori gin an d fi r e c a us e , a nd e val u at e f or
c o mpl et e exti ng uis h m e nt.
6.2.7* Est ablis h a w at er su p ply fo r fir e -fi ghtin g o p er atio ns,
giv e n a w a t e r s o u r c e a n d t o ols , so t h at a w at e r s up pl y i s
est a blis h e d a n d m a int ai n e d.
795
(A) R eq uisite K no wle dg e. Wat er so ur ce s, co rr e ct o pe ratio n of
site w at e r s up pl y c o m p o n ent s, hy d r auli c pri n ci pl es , a n d
th e e f f e ct o f m e c h a ni c al d a m a g e a nd t e m p e r atu r es on t h e
op e r abilit y of t he w at e r su p ply s ou r c e.
(B) R eq uisite S kills. Th e a bility to o pe r ate th e sit e w at er
su p ply c o m po n e nts an d id e nti fy d a m a g e o r i m p ai r m e nt.
6.2.8 * Exit a h a z a rd o us a r e a as a t e a m , gi v en visio n - o bs c ur e d
c on ditio ns , so th at a s a f e h a v en is f o un d b e fo r e e x h austi n g
th e air s u ppl y, oth e rs a r e n ot e nd a n g er e d, a nd th e t e a m
inte g rity is m ai nt ain e d.
(A) Req uisite Kn owled ge. P erso nnel ac counta bility systems,
co m m unic atio n p ro c ed ur es, e m er g en cy e v ac u ation m eth ods,
w hat c onstitutes a s af e h a ve n, el e me nts th at cr e ate or indi cat e
a ha z ar d, a nd e m er ge n cy pr o ce du res f or lo ss o f air s up ply.
(B) R eq uisite S kills. Th e a bility to o pe r ate as a t e a m m e m be r
in visi o n- o bs c u r ed c on diti on s, l o c at e a n d f ollo w a g uid e
line , c o ns e rv e air s up ply , ev al u ate a r ea s f or h a z a rd s, an d
ide ntify a s af e h av e n.
6.2 .9 * O p e r at e a s a m e m b e r o f a r api d int e r v enti o n c r e w ,
giv e n si z e - u p in f or m ati o n, b asi c r a pid i nt e rv e nti o n t o ols a n d
e q ui p m e nt, a n d a n as si gn m e n t, s o t h at st r at e gi es t o
e ff e ctiv el y r es c u e t h e i n du stri al b rig a d e m e m b e r( s) ar e
id enti fi e d a n d i m pl e m e nt e d; h a z a r d w a r ni n g sy st e ms ar e
est a blis h e d a n d u n d er sto o d b y all p arti ci p ati ng p er so n n el;
in cid e nt-s p e cifi c p e rs on al p rot e ctiv e eq uip m e nt is id e nti fied ,
pr ovi d ed , a nd utiliz e d; ph ysi c al h az a rd s a re id e ntifi ed; a n d
c o nfi n e m e nt , c o nt ain m e n t, a n d a v oi d a n c e m e as u r es ar e
disc uss ed .
(A) R e qui site Kn o wle d g e. I d e ntifi c atio n a n d c a r e of p er
so n al p r ot e cti v e e q ui p m e nt; sp e c i fi c h a z a r d s as s o ci at e d
w it h t h e f a cil it y; st r at e gi c pl a n ni n g f o r r e s c u e i n ci d e nts;
c o m m u n i c ati o ns a n d s a f et y pr ot o c ol s; at m o sp h e ri c m o ni
to ri n g e q ui p m e n t n e e d s; i d e nti fi c ati o n , c h a r a c t e risti c s ,
e x p e ct e d b e h a vi o r, t y p e, c a us e s , a n d ass o ci at e d e f f e cts of
p e r so n n e l b e c o m i n g i n c a p a c it a t e d or t r a p p e d ; a n d r e c o g
niti o n o f , p ot e n ti al f o r, a n d si g ns o f i m p e n di n g b uil di n g
coll a ps e.
(B) R eq uisite S kills. Th e a bility to us e p ers o nal pr ot ectiv e
e qui p m e nt , d et e r mi n e r es o ur c e n e ed s, s el e ct a nd op e r at e
b asi c a n d s p e ci ali z e d to ol s a n d e qui p m e nt , i m pl e m e nt
co m m u ni cati ons an d s af ety p r oto col s, a n d mitig at e s p e cifi c
h a z ar ds ass o ci ate d with r es cu e of tr a pp e d o r i n c a pa cit at e d
pe rs on n el.
6.3* S it e-Sp ecif ic Requ iremen ts. Th e JPR S in 6.3 .1 thr oug h
6.3.11 shall be considered as site-specific functions of the
advanced exterior industrial fire brigade member. The man-
agement of the industrial fire brigade shall determine the
site-specific requirements that are applicable to the advanced
exterior industrial fire brigade member operat ing on their
 796 I N D U S T R I A L F I R E B R I G A D E :
Chapter 6: Advanced Exterior Industrial Fire
Brigade Member (continued)
site. T h e pr oc es s u se d t o d eter mi n e th e site -sp e cifi c r e qui re -
m e nts s h all b e do c u m ent ed , a nd th es e ad dition al JP Rs a d de d to
thos e id e ntifie d i n S e ction s 6. 1 a nd 6 .2 . B as e d o n th e
ass ess m e nt of t h e site -sp e cifi c h az a rd s o f th e f a cility a n d th e
duti es t h at in d ustri al fi r e bri g ad e m e m b ers ar e e x p e cte d t o
p er fo r m, th e m an a g e m e nt of th e i nd ust rial fir e b rig a d e s h all
d ete r min e th e sp e ci fic r e qui r e m ents of C h a pte rs 5 o r 6 of
NFPA 472, Standard for Professional Competence ojResponders
to H azardous Mater ials Incidents , or the corresponding
re q uir e m e nts i n O S H A 2 9 CF R 1 9 10 .1 2 0( q) th at a p ply.
6.3.1 P erf o r m a fir e s af et y s ur v e y i n a f a cility, giv e n a n
as sig n m e nt, s ur v e y fo r m s, an d p r o c ed u r es , s o t h at fir e a n d
life sa f ety h a z a rd s ar e id e ntifie d, r e c o m m e n d atio ns fo r t h eir
c or r e cti o n a r e m a d e , a n d u nr e sol v e d iss u es a r e r ef e r r e d t o
th e pr o p er a uth orit y.
(A) R eq uisite Kn owl ed g e. O r ga niz ation al polic y an d pr oc e
d ur e s, c o m m o n c au s es of fi r e a n d th ei r p r e v e ntio n, a n d t h e
im p ort a n c e o f fir e s af et y a n d r ef e rr al p r o c ed u r es.
(B) R eq uisite Skills. T h e ability to co m plete fo r ms, r e co gni ze
h a za r ds, m at ch fi ndi ngs to p r e- a p pr ov e d r e co m m e n d atio ns ,
an d ef fe ctiv ely c o m mu nic at e fin din gs to t he pr o pe r auth ority.
6.3.2 * G ain a c c ess t o f a cility lo c atio ns, giv e n k eys , f or ci ble
e ntr y to ols ( e . g. , b olt c utt e rs , s m a ll h a n d t o ols, a nd l a d d er s) ,
a n d a n assi g n m e nt , s o th at a r e as ar e a c c e ss e d a n d r e m ai n
a c c es sibl e d uri n g a d v an c e d ext e rio r i n du stri al fir e b rig a d e
op e r atio ns .
(A) R eq uisite Kn owl ed ge . Site d r a wing r ea ding, a c c ess p ro ce
du r es, f or ci ble ent ry to ols a nd pr o c ed ur e s, a n d sit e-s p e cifi c
h a z ar ds , s u c h a s a c c es s t o a r e as r est ri cte d b y r ail c ar m o v e
m e nt, f e nc e s, a n d w alls . P r o ce d ur es ass o ci ate d w ith sp e ci al
h a z ar d a r e as s u c h as el e ctri c al s u bst atio n, r a di atio n h a z a r d
a r e as, an d ot h e r a r e as sp e ci fic t o t h e sit e i f n e e d ed .
(B) R eq uisite S kills. Th e a bility to re a d site dr a wi ngs , id entif y
ar e as of l o w o v e rh e a d cl e ar a n c e, i d entif y a r e as o n ro a d w a ys
h avi n g l o a d r estri ctio ns , i d e ntif y a c c es s ro ut es to w at e r
su ppli es , i d e ntif y h a z ar d o us m at e ri als l o c atio ns , i d e ntif y
el e ctri c al e q uip m e nt lo c ati on s (o v e rh e a d an d b el o w g r ad e
e q ui p m e nt ), a bilit y t o op e n g at e s b y m a n u al a nd/ o r a uto
m ati c m e a n s, a bility t o fo r cibl y g ai n a c c es s t o a r e as , a nd
th e a bility t o i d e ntif y sit e h a z a rd s.
6.3.3 Utili z e m a ste r str e a m a ppli a n c es , giv e n a n assi g n m e nt,
a n e xtin g uis hin g a g e nt, an d a m a ste r str e a m d evi c e a nd
su p ply h os e , s o th at t h e a p pli a n c e is s et up c or r e ctl y a n d t h e
a g e nt is a p plie d as assi g n e d.
( A) R eq uisite K no wled g e. Cor re ct o p er ation o f m aster stre a m
a ppli an c es , us es f or m ast er str e a m ap plia n c es , t a ctics u sin g
P R I N C I P L E S AND P R A C T I C E
m a ste r str e a m a ppli a n c es , s el e ctio n o f t h e m a st er st r e a m
a ppli an c e f or di ff er e nt fir e situ ation s, th e e ff e ct of m ast er
str e a m a p pli an c e s o n s e a r c h a nd r e s cu e , v e ntilati on pr o c e -
d ur e s, a nd pr o p e rty c on s er v ati o n.
(B) R eq uisite Skills. T he ability to co rre ctly p ut in s ervic e a
m ast e r str e a m ap plia n c e a n d e v alu at e an d f or e c ast a fir es
gr o w t h a n d d e v el o p m e nt.
6.3.4 * Exti ng uis h a n ig nitibl e li q uid fir e op e r atin g as a
m e m b e r o f a t e a m , gi v e n a n a ssi g n m e nt, a h an dli n e, p e r son al
pr ot e ctiv e e q uip m e nt , a f o a m pr o po rtio ni ng d e vi c e, a n o z zl e,
fo a m c o n c e nt r at es, a n d a w at e r s u ppl y , s o t h at t h e c o rr e ct
typ e o f f o a m co n c e ntr at e i s s el e ct e d fo r t h e gi v e n fu el a n d
c o nditi o ns , a c or r e ctl y p ro p o rtio n e d f o a m st r e a m is a p plie d
to t h e s u rf a c e o f t h e f u el t o c r e ate a nd m ai ntai n a fo a m
bl an k et, fi r e is exti n guis h e d, r e -ig nitio n is pr e v e nt e d, a n d
te a m pr ot e cti o n is m ai nt ai n e d.
(A) R eq uisite Kn owl ed g e. M et ho ds by w hi ch f oa m p re v ents
or c o ntr ols a h a z a r d; p rin ci pl es by w hi c h f o a m is g e n er
at ed; c a us es f or p o or f o a m g e n er atio n a n d c or re cti ve m e as
ur e s; di ff e r e n c e b et w e e n h y dr o c a r bo n a nd p ol ar s ol v ent
fu el s a n d t h e c on c e nt r at es th at w o r k o n e a c h; t h e c h a r a c
teristi cs, us e s, a n d li mitati ons of fir e -fig htin g f oa m s; t he
a dv a nt a g es a n d dis a d v ant a g es o f u sin g f og n o z zl es v ers us
fo a m n o z zl es fo r fo a m a ppli c atio n; f o a m str e a m a p plic atio n
te c hni q u es; h a z ar ds ass o ci at e d wit h f o a m u s ag e; an d m et h
o ds t o r e d u c e o r av oi d h a z a r ds .
(B) R eq uisite Skills. T h e ability to pr ep ar e a f oa m c on c entr ate
su ppl y f or us e, ass e m bl e f o a m str e a m c o m p o n ents , m a st er
v ari o us f o a m a p pli c atio n t e c hni q u es , a n d ap p r o a c h a n d
ret r e at f ro m fi r es a n d s pills as p art o f a c o or din at e d t e a m.
6.3.5 * C ont rol a fl a m m a bl e g a s fi r e o p e r atin g as a m e m b e r o f
a t e a m , giv e n a n as sig n m e nt , a h an dli n e, p er so n al p r o te ctiv e
e qui p m e nt, a nd to ols , s o th at c r e w i nte g rity is m ai n tain e d ,
c ont e nts ar e id e ntifi e d, th e fl a m m a bl e g a s s o ur c e is
c ont r olle d o r is ol at ed , h a z a rd o us co n ditio ns a r e r e c og ni z e d
a n d a ct e d u p o n, a n d t e a m s a f et y i s m a int ai n e d.
(A) R equisite K no wledg e. Ch ar a cteristics of fla m m abl e g ases,
c o m p on e nts o f fl a m m a bl e g as s yst e m s, ef f e cts o f h e at a n d
pr e ss u r e o n cl os e d c ont ai n e rs , b oilin g liq ui d e x p a n din g
v ap or ex pl osio n ( B L E V E ) sig ns a n d ef f e cts, m et h od s fo r
id e ntif yin g c ont e nts , w at e r str e a m us a g e a n d d e m a n ds fo r
pr e ss uri z e d g as fi r es, w h at t o d o i f t h e fir e is pr e m a tu r ely
e xting uis h ed , alt er n ativ e a ctio ns r el ate d t o v ari ou s h az a r ds,
a n d w h e n t o r et r e at.
(B) R eq uisite Skills. T h e ability to ex e cut e e ff e ctive ad va n ces
a n d r etr e at s, a ppl y v ari o us t e ch ni q u es f o r w a t e r a p pli c a
tion , as s ess g a s st or a g e co nt ai n er int e grit y a n d c h an gi ng
c on ditio ns , o p er at e co ntr ol v al v es , a nd c ho os e ef f e ctiv e
pr o c e d u r es w h e n c o n ditio ns c h a n g e.
 NFPA 1081, Standard tap Industrial F ire Brigade Memb er Pro fession al Qualifications, 2007 Ed ition
6. 3. 6* Exti ng uis h a n ext e rior fir e u sin g s p e cial e xtin guis h in g
a g e nts ot h e r t h a n f o a m op e r ati ng as a m e m b e r o f a t e a m ,
giv e n a n assi g n m e nt, a h an dlin e , p e rs on al p r ot e ctiv e
e qui p m e nt, a nd an e xtin gui shi n g a g e nt s u ppl y, s o t h at fir e i s
e xtin g uis h e d, r ei g nitio n i s pr e v e nt e d, a n d t e a m pr ot e c tion i s
m ai nt ain e d.
(A) R e q uisite K no wl e dg e . M e t ho d s by w hi c h sp e ci al
a g e n t s, s u c h a s d r y c h e m i c a l , d r y p o w d e r , a n d c a r b o n
di o xi d e , p r e v e nt o r c o nt r ol a h a z a r d; p ri n ci pl e s b y w h i c h
sp e c i al a g e nts a r e g e n e r at e d; t h e c h a r a ct e ri sti c s, us e s ,
a n d li mit a ti o ns of fi r ef ig hti n g s p e c i al a g e nts ; t h e a d v a n
ta g e s a n d di s a d v a nt a g e s o f usi n g s p e c i al a g e n ts; s p e c i al
a g e n ts a p pli c a ti o n t e c h n i q u es; h a z a r d s a ss o c i at e d w it h
s p e ci a l a g e n ts u s a g e; a n d m e t h o d s t o r e d u c e o r a v oi d
h a z a rd s.
(B) R e quisite S kills. T he ability to o p er ate a s p eci al ag e nt
su ppl y f or us e, m ast e r v ari o us s p e cial ag e nts ap pli c atio n
te c hni q u es, a nd ap p ro a c h an d r et r eat f r o m h a z a rd o us ar e as
as p a rt o f a co o rdi n at ed t e a m.
6. 3 . 7 * I nt e rp r et al a r m c o n ditio n s, giv e n a n al a r m si g n al in g
s yst e m , a p r o c e d u r e , a n d a n a s si g n m e n t , s o t h at t h e al a r m
c o n ditio n i s c o rr e ctl y i nt e r p r et e d a n d a r es p o ns e i s initi at ed .
(A) R eq uisite Kn owl ed g e. T he dif fe r ent ala r m det e ction s ys
te ms wit hi n t h e f a cility; dif f er e n c e b et w e e n ala r m , t ro u bl e,
a nd s u p er vis or y ala r m s; h a z ar ds p r ote ct e d b y t h e d et e ctio n
syst e ms; h a z ar ds ass o ciat e d wit h e a c h t yp e o f al ar m co n di
tion; k n o wl e d g e of th e e m e rg e n c y r es p on s e pl an; an d co m
m u ni c ati on pr o c e d u r es.
(B) R e quisit e S kills. T h e a bility to u n d erst a nd th e dif f er e nt
typ e s of al ar m s, to i m ple m e nt th e r e sp o ns e , a n d t o pr o vid e
inf o r m ati o n t hr o u g h c o m m u ni c ati o ns .
6. 3.8 * A ctiv at e a fix ed fir e su pp r essio n sy ste m , giv e n p e r son al
pr ot e ctiv e eq ui p m e nt, a fix e d fir e p r ot e ctio n s yst e m , a
p ro c e d u r e , a n d a n a ssi g n m e n t, s o th a t t h e c or r e ct st e p s a r e
foll o w e d a n d t h e sy st e m o p er at e s.
(A) R eq uisite Kn owl ed g e. Di ff er ent ty p es of e xtinguis hing
a g e nts, h a z a rd s a ss o ci at e d w ith s yst e m o p e r atio n , h o w t h e
syst e m op e r at es , s e q u en c e of o p e r atio n, s yst e m o v e rri d es
a n d m a n u al int e r v e ntio n p r o c e d ur e s, a nd s h utd o w n p r o c e
d ur e s t o p r e v e nt d a m a g e to t h e o p er at e d s yst e m o r t o t h os e
syst e m s a ss o ciat e d w ith th e op e r at ed s yst e m .
(B) R eq uisite S kills. Th e a bility to op e rat e fi xe d fir e su pp res
sio n s yst e m s vi a el e ctri c al o r m e c h a ni c al m e a n s a n d s h ut
do w n p ro c e d ur e s fo r fix e d fi r e s u p pr es sio n sy st e ms .
6. 3. 9* E xting uis h a Cl ass C ( ele ctri c al) fir e as a m e m b er o f a
te a m , giv e n an assi g n m e nt, a Cl ass C fir e - exti ng uis hi ng
a ppli a n c e/ exti n guis h e r, an d p e rs o n al pr ot e ctiv e eq ui p m e nt,
797
so t h at t h e p ro p e r t yp e of Cla ss C ag e nt is s el e ct e d fo r t h e
c o nditi o n, s el e ct e d a g e nt is c or r e ctl y a p plie d t o t h e f u el, fir e
is e xtin guis h e d, r e-i g nition is pr e v ent e d, t e a m p r ote c tion is
m ai nt ain e d, a n d th e h a z a rd is f a c e d u ntil r etr e at t o s af e h av e n
is r e a ch e d.
(A) R e quisit e K no wl e dg e . M et h od s by w hi ch Cla ss C a g e nt
p r e v e nts o r c o n tr ol s a h a z a r d ; m e t h o ds b y w h i c h Cl a ss C
fir e s a r e d e - e n e rgi z e d; c a u s es of i nj uri e s f r o m Cl as s C
fir e fi g htin g on liv e Cl as s C fi r es wit h Cl ass A a g e nts an d
th e Cl as s C a g e nts; t h e e xti n g uis hi n g a g e nt s' c h a r a ct e ris
tic s , u s e s , a n d li m it a ti o ns; t h e a d v a n t a g e s a n d dis a d v a n
ta g e s o f d e - e n e r gi zi n g as usi n g w a t e r f o g n o z zl e s o n a
Cl a ss A o r Cl a ss B fi r e; a n d m et h o d s t o r e d u c e o r a v oi d
h a z a rd s.
(B) R eq uisite S kills. Th e a bility to op e rat e Class C fir e extin
g uis h er s o r fix e d s yst e m s an d a pp r o a c h a n d r et r e at f ro m
Cl ass C fir es as p a rt of a c o or di n ate d te a m .
6. 3 .1 0 * Utili z e to ols a nd e q uip m e n t as si gn e d to t h e i n d us -
trial fir e bri g ad e , giv e n a n assi g n m ent an d sp e cifi c t ools , s o
th at t o ols a r e s el e ct e d a n d c or r e ctly us e d u n d e r a d v er s e
c on ditio ns in a c c or d a n c e w ith m a nu f a ct ur e r's r e c o m m e n d a -
tion s a n d t h e poli ci e s a n d p ro c e d u r es of th e i nd u stri al fi r e
brig ad e.
(A) R eq uisite Kn owl ed g e. A v aila ble to ols an d eq uip m e nt,
th eir st or a g e l o c atio ns , an d th ei r co r r e ct us e i n a c c o r d an c e
wit h r e c og ni z e d p r a ctic es , a n d s ele cti o n of to ols an d eq ui p
m e nt gi v en dif f er e nt c o nditi on s.
(B) R e q uisit e S kills . T h e a bility t o s el e ct a n d us e t h e
c o r r e c t t o ol s a n d e q ui p m e n t f or v a ri o u s t a s ks , f ol l o w
g ui d eli n e s, a n d r est o r e t o ols a n d e q ui p m e nt t o s e r vi c e
a fte r us e .
6. 3 .1 1 S et u p an d u s e p ort a bl e l ad d e rs , gi v en a n a ssi gn m e n t,
sin gl e a n d ext e nsi o n la d d e rs , a n d t e a m m e m b e r s as
a p pr o pri at e , s o t h at h a z a rd s a r e as s ess e d , t h e l ad d e r is sta bl e,
the an gl e is c o rr e ct fo r cli m bin g, e xt en sio n l ad d e rs a r e
e xt en d e d t o t h e c o rr e ct h ei ght wit h t h e fly lo c k e d, th e to p is
pl a c ed ag ai nst a r elia bl e str u ctu r al c o m p on e nt, a nd th e
as sig n m e nt is a c c o m plish e d.
(A) R eq uisite Kn owl ed ge . P arts o f a lad d er, ha z ar ds asso ciate d
w ith s etti n g u p l a d d er s, w h at c on stitut e s a st a bl e f o un d a
tion fo r l a dd e r pla c e m e nt, di ff e r ent a n gle s f o r v ario us ta sk s,
sa f et y li mit s t o t h e d eg r e e o f an g ul ati on , a n d w h at c on sti
tut es a r eli abl e st r u ctu r al c o m p o n e nt f or t o p pl a c e m e nt .
(B) R e quisite S kills. T he ability to c a rr y l ad d ers , r ais e l ad
d er s, e xt e nd l a dd e rs a n d l o c k fli es , d et e r mi n e t h at a w a ll
a n d r oo f will s up p o rt t h e l a d d e r, ju d g e ext e n sio n la d d e r
h eig ht r e qui r e m e nts, a nd pl a c e th e l ad d e r t o a v oid o b vio us
ha z a rds .
798 I N D U S T R I A L F I R E B R I G A D E :
Chapter 7: Interior Structural Industrial Fire
Brigade Member
7.1 Ge ner al.
7.1.1 Qualification or Certification. For qualification or
c ertifi catio n at th e int erio r str u ctur al i nd ustri al fir e bri g ad e
m e m b er le v el, th e m e m b e r s h all m e et t he JP Rs of Ch a pte r 4,
Se ctio ns 5 .1 , 5. 2, 7 . 1, a n d 7. 2, a n d t h e sit e-s p e cifi c r eq uir e -
m e nts i n S e cti ons 5 . 3 a nd 7 .3 as d efi n ed b y th e m a n a g e m e nt
of t h e in dust rial fir e b rig a d e.
7.1.2* Bas ic I nteri or Str uctu ral Fire B ri ga de Me mb er J PR s.
7 .1 . 2 .1 Us e th e r m al pr ot e ctiv e clothi ng du rin g str u ctu r al
fir efi ghtin g op e r atio ns, giv e n th e r m al p rot e ctiv e cl othin g, so
th at th e clot hi ng is c o rr e ctl y do n n e d, w o rn , a n d d of f ed .
(A) R e quisite K n owl ed g e. C o ndition s th at re q uir e pe rs on al
pr ot e ctio n, us es an d li mitati on s of th e r m al p r ote cti v e cl oth
ing , co m p o n e nts of t h er m a l p rot e cti v e clot hi ng e ns e m bl e ,
a n d d o nni n g a n d d o ffi n g p r o c e du r es .
(B) R e quisit e S kills. T h e a bility to co rr e ctly d o n a nd d o ff
th er m al p r ot e ctiv e cl ot hin g a n d p e rf or m as sig n m e nts w hil e
w e a ri ng th e r m al p r ot e ctiv e cl ot hin g.
7.1.2 .2 * Us e S C B A an d P AS S d evi c e du ring int erio r
fire -fi ghtin g op e ratio ns, gi v en S CB A , P A SS, th er m al
pr ote ctiv e cl ot hi n g, a n d ot h e r p e r so n al p rot e c tiv e
e q ui p m e nt , s o t h at th e S C B A a n d P A SS d e vic e is c or r ectl y
do n n ed an d a cti v at ed , t h e e qui p m e nt is co r r e ctly w o r n,
c o ntr oll e d b r e ath in g t e c hni q u es a r e u se d , e m e r g e n cy
pr o c e du r es a r e e n a ct ed if th e S C B A f ails, all lo w- air w a r nin gs
ar e r e co gni z ed , re spi r ato r y p rot e cti o n i s n ot i nt e ntio n all y
c o m p r o mis e d , a n d h a z a r d ou s a r e as a r e e xit e d p rio r t o air
d e pl etio n an d c or re ctly do ff ed .
(A) R eq uisite Kn owl ed g e. Co n dition s th at r eq uir e r es pirat ory
pr ot e ctio n, us es an d li mitati on s of S C B A , co m p o n e nts o f
SC B A , do n nin g an d d of fi ng pr o c e du r es , br e at hin g te c h
niq u e s, in di c ati o ns f o r a n d e m e r g e n c y p r o c e du r e s us e d
with S C B A , an d ph ysi c al r e quir e m e nts of t he S C B A w e ar er .
(B) R e quisite S kills. T he ability to c o ntrol br e athi ng , us e
SC B A in li mite d visibility c o nditio ns, r epl a c e S C B A ai r
c ylind e rs, us e S C B A t o e xit thr o ug h r estri ct ed p a ss ag e s,
initiat e a n d c o m pl et e e m e r g e n cy p r o c e du r es in th e ev e nt o f
S CB A f ail u r e o r ai r d e pl etio n , a n d co m p l et e d on ni n g a n d
do ffi ng p r o ce d ur es .
7 .1 .2 .3 Utiliz e a p r e-in cid e nt pla n, gi ve n p re -in cid e nt pla ns
a nd a n as sig n m e nt, s o t h at t h e in d ust rial fir e bri g a d e m e m b e r
im pl e m e n ts t h e p r e -i n ci d e nt pl a n .
( A) Re quisite Kn owl edg e. Th e s our c es of w at er su pply f or fir e
pr ot e ctio n o r oth e r fir e - e xtin g uishi n g a g e nts, sit e-s p e ci fic
h a z ar ds , t h e f un d a m e nt als o f fir e s up p r essi on a nd d ete cti o n
P R I N C I P L E S A N D P R A C T I C E
syst e m s i n clu di ng s p e ci aliz e d ag e nts , a nd c o m m o n sy m b ols
us e d in di ag r a m m i ng c o nstr u cti o n f e at ur e s, utilities , h a z -
a rd s, a n d fir e pr ot e ctio n sy ste m s.
(B) Re q uisite S kills. T h e ability to id e ntify th e co m p on e nts of
th e p r e -i n ci d e nt pl a n s u c h as fi r e s u p pr e ssi o n a n d d et e c tio n
syst e m s, str u ct ur al f e at ur es , site -s p e cifi c h a z a r ds, an d
r es po ns e co n sid e r atio ns.
7.2 Ma n ual Fire S u pp ressi on.
7 .2 .1 * Atta c k a n int erio r str uct ur al fir e o p er atin g as a m e m b e r
of a t e a m , gi v en a w at e r s ou r c e , a h an dli n e, p er s on al
p rot e c tiv e e q ui p m e n t, t o ols , a n d a n assi g n m e n t, so t h at t e a m
int eg rit y is m ai nt ai n e d, th e h a ndli n e is d e pl o y ed fo r
a dv a n c e m e nt , a c c es s is g ai n e d i nto th e fi r e a r e a, co rr e ct
a ppli c atio n pr a ctic e s ar e u se d , th e fir e is a pp r oa c h e d s a f ely,
att a ck t e ch ni qu e s f a cilitat e s u p pr es sio n gi v en th e l ev el o f t h e
fir e, hid d e n fir es ar e lo c at e d a n d c o ntr olle d , t h e c or r e ct b o d y
p ost u r e i s m a i nt ain e d , h a z a r d s a r e a v oid e d or m a n a g e d , a n d
th e fir e is br o u ght un d e r c o nt rol .
(A) R e quisit e K no wl e dg e . P rin ci ple s of c o nd u ctin g i nitial
fi r e si z e - u p; pri n ci pl e s of fi r e st r e a m s; t y p es , d esi g n ,
o p e r atio n , n o z zl e p r es s ur e e f f e cts , a n d fl o w c a p a b iliti es
o f n o z z l es; p r e c a uti o n s t o b e f oll o w e d w h e n a d v a n c i n g
h os e li n es t o a fir e; o bs e r v a bl e r e s ults th at a fi r e st r e a m
h a s b e e n c o r r e ctl y a p p li e d; d a n g e r o u s b ui l di n g c o n d i
tio ns cr e a t e d b y fi r e; pri n ci pl es o f e x p os u r e pr ot e cti o n;
p ot e nti al l o n g -t e r m c o ns e q u e n c e s o f e x p o s u r e t o p r o d
u ct s of c o m b u s ti o n; p h ysi c a l st a t es o f m a tt e r i n w h i c h
f u els a r e f ou n d; c o m m o n t y p es o f a c c i d e nt s o r i nj uri e s
a n d t h ei r c a u s e s; a n d t h e a p pli c a ti o n o f e a c h si z e a n d
ty p e o f h a n dli n e s , t h e r ol e o f t h e b a c k u p t e a m i n fi r e
at t a c k sit u a ti o n s, a tt a c k a n d c o n t r ol t e c h n i q u e s , a n d
e x p os in g hi d d e n fi r e s .
(B) R e quisit e S kills. T h e a bility to p r ev e nt w a te r h a m m e rs
w h e n s hutti n g d o w n n o z z l es; o p e n , clo s e , a n d a dj ust
no z zl e fl o w a nd p atte r ns; a p ply w at e r usi ng dir e ct, in dir e ct ,
a n d c o m bi n ati on att a c ks; ad v a n c e c h ar g e d a n d u n c h a r g ed
3 8 m m ( P A i n. ) di a m et e r o r l ar g e r h a n dlin e s; e xt e nd h a nd -
lin es; r e pl a c e b u rst h os e s e cti o ns; o p e r at e ch a r g e d h a n d -
line s of 38 m m (1 V 2 in .) dia m e t er o r l a rg e r; c o u ple a nd
u n co u pl e v a ri o us h a n dlin e c o n n e ctio ns; c a rr y h os e; att a c k
fir es; a n d l o c at e a n d s u p pr e ss hi dd e n fir e s.
7.2.2 For c e e ntr y i nto a st r u ctu r e, gi v e n p er so n al p rot e cti v e
e q ui p m e nt , t o ols , a nd a n as sig n m e n t, s o t h at t h e t o ols ar e
us e d , t h e b a rri e r is r e m o v e d, a n d t h e o p e ni ng , i s i n a s a f e
c on ditio n an d r e a d y fo r e ntr y .
( A) Re quisite Kn owl edg e. Basi c c onstru ction of typic al do ors,
wi n d o w s, a n d w a lls w ithi n t h e f a cility; o p er ati o n of d o or s,
w in d o w s , a n d t h ei r a ss o ci at ed l o c kin g m e c h a nis m s; a n d t h e
d a ng e rs as s o ci at ed wit h f o r ci ng e ntr y th r ou g h d o o rs,
wi n d o w s, a n d w a lls.
 NFPA 1081, Standard far Ind ustrial Fire Brigade Memb er Pro fessional Qualifications, 2007 Ed ition
799
(B) Re q uisite S kills. T h e ability to tr ans po rt an d o p er ate
site- s p e cifi c to ols t o f or c e e ntr y th r o ug h d o o rs , w i nd o w s ,
a n d w a lls u sin g as so rt e d m e th o ds a n d t o ols.
7.2 .3 * Pe r fo r m v e ntilati o n o n a st r u ctu r e o p e r ati ng as a
m e m b e r o f a t e a m , giv e n an assi g n m e nt , p er s on al p r ot e c tive
e q uip m e n t, a n d t o ols , s o t h at a s uf fi ci e nt o p e ni n g is c r e at e d,
all v e ntil atio n b ar ri er s a r e r e m o v e d , str u ct ur al int e g rit y is
n ot c o m p r o mis e d , a n d p r od u cts of c o m b usti o n a r e r ele a s ed
fr o m th e str u ct ur e .
(A) R eq uisite Kn owl ed ge . Th e prin ciples, a dv anta g es, limita
tions , a n d e ff e cts of h o ri zo nt al a n d v erti c al v e ntilati on;
sa f et y c o nsi d e r atio n s w h e n v e ntin g a st r u ct ur e; th e m et h
o ds o f h e at tr a n sf e r; t h e p ri n cipl e s o f t h e r m al l a y e ri ng
w ithi n a st r u ct ur e on fi r e; fi r e b e h a vio r in a str u ct ur e; t h e
pr o du ct s of c o m bu stio n f ou n d i n a str u ct ur e fi r e; th e si gn s,
c a us es , e ff e cts , a n d p r ev e ntio n o f b a c k dr a fts; a n d t h e r ela
tions hi p of ox y g e n c on c e nt r atio n t o lif e s a f ety an d fi r e
gro wt h.
(B) R e quisite S kills. T he ability to tr ans po rt an d o pe r ate tools
a n d e q ui p m e n t t o cr e a t e a n o p e ni ng a n d i m p l e m e nt v e nti
latio n t e c h niq u es .
7.2.4 * O v er h a ul a fir e s c e n e, giv e n p e rs on al p r ote cti v e
e q uip m e n t, att a ck li n e, h a n d to ols , a fl as hlig ht , a n d a n
as sig n m e nt, s o t h at st ru ct u r al int e grit y is not co m p r o mis e d,
all hid d e n fir e s a r e dis c ov e r e d, fir e c a us e e vi d en c e is p r e-
se r v ed , a n d t h e fir e is e xtin g uis h ed .
(A) R eq uisite Kn owl ed g e. T yp es of fir e h a ndlin es a nd a ppli
c atio n d e vi c es m ost e ff e cti v e f or o v e rh a ul, ap pli c atio n
m et h o ds f o r e xti ng ui shi n g a g e nts t h at li mit d a m a g e , t yp e s
o f t o ols a n d m e t h od s u s e d t o e x p os e hid d e n fi r e , d a n g e rs
as s o ci at ed wit h o v e r h a ul, o b vi ou s sig n s of a r e a o f o rigi n
a n d si g ns o f a rs o n, a n d r e a s on s f o r p r ot e cti o n o f fi r e
sc en e.
(B) R e quisite S kills. T he ability to d e plo y an d op e r ate h a nd -
line s, ex p os e v oi d s p a c es wit h out co m p r o misi ng st ru ct ur al
inte grity , a p ply e xtin guis hi ng ag e nts fo r m a xi m u m e ff e c
tive n es s, ex p os e an d e xti ng uis h hi dd e n fi r es, r e c o gni z e an d
pr es e rv e o b vio us sig ns of ar e a o f ori gin a n d fir e c a us e, an d
e v alu at e f or c o m pl ete e xtin gui sh m e nt .
7.2.5 * E xit a h a z ar d ou s ar e a a s a t e a m, gi v e n visi o n - o bs c ur e d
c on ditio ns , s o th at a s af e h a v e n is f ou n d b e f or e e xh a u stin g t h e
air s u p ply , ot h ers a r e n ot e n d a ng e r e d, a nd t h e t e a m i nt eg rity is
m ai nt ain e d.
( A) R eq uisite Kn o wled g e. P ers on nel ac c ou ntability syste ms,
c o m m u ni c ati o n p ro c e d u r es , e m e r g e n c y ev a c u ati o n m e th o ds ,
w h at c o nstitut e s a s a f e h a v en , el e m e nts t h at cr e at e o r i ndi c at e
a h a z a rd , a n d e m e r g e n cy pr o c e du r es f or l oss o f ai r su pply.
(B) R e quisite Skills. Th e ability to o p er ate as a t ea m me m b er i n
visi o n- o bs c u r ed c o nditi o ns , l o c at e a n d f oll o w a g ui d e lin e,
c ons e r ve air su p ply , an d e v al uat e a r e as f or h a z ar ds an d
ide ntify a s af e h av e n.
7.2.6* Est a blish a w at er s up ply f or fi re -fi g hting o p e rati on s,
giv e n a w a t e r so u r c e an d to ol s, s o t h at a w a t er s u p ply is
est a blis h e d an d m ai nt ai n ed .
(A) R eq uisite Kn owl ed g e. Wat er s ou r ce s, co rr e ct o pe r ation of
site w a t e r s up pl y c o m p o n e nts , h y d r a uli c p ri n ci pl es , a n d
th e e f f e ct o f m e c h a ni c al d a m a g e an d t e m p e r atu r es on t h e
op e r a bility o f t h e w at e r s up pl y s o ur c e .
(B) R e quisite S kills. T he ability to o p er ate th e sit e w at er
su p ply c o m p o n e nts a n d t a k e a cti on t o a d dr e ss d a m a g e o r
im p air m e nt .
7.2.7 I nt er f a c e w it h o utsi d e m ut u al ai d o r g a ni z ati o ns ,
giv e n S O P s f o r m ut u al ai d r e s po n s e a n d c o m m u n i c atio n
p rot o c ol s, s o t h at a u nifi e d c o m m a n d i s e st a blis h e d a nd
m ai nt ai n e d.
(A) R eq uisite K no wl ed g e. M ut u al aid pr o c ed ur es a n d th e
stru ct u re of th e m utu al aid o r g ani z ati on , site S O P s, a n d
in cid e nt m a n a g e m e nt sy ste m s .
(B) R e quisite S kills. T he ability to c o m m u nic at e with m utu al
ai d o r g ani z ati o ns a nd t o i nt e gr at e op e r ati on al p er s on n el
int o t e a m s u n d er a uni fi e d c o m m a n d .
7.2 .8 C on d u ct s e a r c h a n d r es c u e o p er ati on s as a m e m b e r o f
a t e a m , gi v e n a n a ssig n m e nt, ob s cu r e d visi on c on ditio ns ,
p ers o n al p r ote ctiv e eq uip m e nt, a fla shlig ht, f or ci ble ent ry
tools , h a n dlin es , a n d l a dd e rs w h e n n e c ess a r y, s o t h at all
eq uip m e nt is c or re ctly us e d, all assi gn e d ar e as a r e s e ar c he d,
all v ict ims a re lo c ate d a nd r e m ov e d, te a m i nte grity is m ain
tain e d, a n d t e a m m e m b e rs' s a f ety , in cl udi n g r e spir at or y
pr ot e ctio n, is n ot c o m p ro m is e d.
(A) R eq uisite Kn owl ed ge . Us e of ap pro priat e tools an d eq uip
m e nt, ps y c hol ogi c al e ff e cts of o p e rati ng in o bs c ur e d c on di
tions a nd w a ys to m a n a g e t h e m , m et h od s t o d et er m in e if an
a r e a is te n a bl e, p ri m a ry a nd s e c o nd a r y s e a r c h t e c hni q u es,
te a m m e m b e rs' r ol es a nd g o als , m et h o ds t o us e a nd in di c a
tors of fi ndi n g vi cti ms , vi cti m r e m ov al m et ho ds , a n d c o n
sid er ati o ns r el ate d to r e spi r atoi y pr ot e ctio n .
(B) Re quisite S kills. T he a bility to us e S C B A to e xit throu gh
r est ri cte d p ass a g e s, u s e t o ols a nd e q uip m e nt fo r v a ri ou s
typ es o f r es cu e o p er ati ons , r es c ue an in d ustri al fi r e bri ga d e
m e m b e r w h o s e r es pi r ato r y p rot e cti o n i s n ot f un cti o ni ng ,
r es c u e a p er s o n w h o h a s n o r e s pir at o r y p r ot e cti o n, a n d
as s ess ar e as to d ete r mi n e t e n a bility
 800 I N D U S T R I A L F I R E B R I G A D E :
Chapter 7: Interior Structural Industrial Fire
Brigade Member (continued)
7.2.9 * C o ns e rv e p r op e rt y o p er atin g as a m e m b e r o f a te a m ,
giv e n s p e ci al t ool s a nd eq ui p m e nt a n d a n a ssi gn m e n t wit hi n
th e f a cility , s o t h at e x p os e d p r o p ert y a n d th e e n vi ro n m e nt
a r e p rot e ct e d f r o m f u rt h er d a m a g e.
(A) R eq uisite Kn owl ed g e. T he p ur pos e of pr op e rty co ns er va
tio n a n d its v alu e t o th e o r g a ni z ati on , m et h o ds us e d t o
pr ot e ct p r o p ert y , m e th o ds to r ed u c e d a m a g e to pr o p e rty ,
typ es o f a nd us es fo r sal v ag e co v er s, o p er atio ns at p r op e r
ties p rot e ct e d w ith aut o m ati c s pri nkl e rs o r sp e ci al p rot e c
tio n s yst e m s , a n d u n d e rst a n di n g th e i m p a c t o f u si ng
m a st e r str e a m s a n d m ulti pl e h o s e str e a m s o n p r o p e rty
c on s er v atio n , p arti c ul arl y as it c a n r el ate to th e i m p a ct o n
outsid e f a cilities.
(B) R e q uisite S kills. T h e ability to d epl o y c o v eri ng m at e ri
al s , c o n t r ol e x ti n g uis h i n g a g e n ts , a n d c o v e r b uil di n g
o p e ni n gs , i n cl u di n g d o o rs , w in d o w s , fl o or o p e ni n gs , a n d
r oo f op e ni n g s.
7.2.1 0 * Op e r at e a s a m e m b e r of a r api d i nt er v e ntio n c r e w ,
giv e n si z e- u p i nf o r m ati on , b asi c r a pid i nt e rv e nti o n to ols a n d
e q ui p m e nt , a n d a n a ssi g n m e n t, s o th at str at e gi e s t o
ef f e ctiv ely r es c u e t h e bri g ad e m e m b er (s) ar e i d entifi e d a nd
im pl e m e nt ed; h a z a r d w a r ni ng s yst e m s a r e est a blis h ed an d
un d e rst oo d b y all p a rtici p atin g p e rs o nn el; in ci d ent -s p e cifi c
p er s on al pr ot e cti v e e q ui p m e nt i s i d e ntifi e d, pr o vi d e d, an d
utiliz e d; p hy sic al h a z a r ds a r e i d e ntifi ed; an d co n fin e m e nt ,
c o nt ain m e n t, an d a voi d a n c e m e a su r es a r e dis c us s e d.
(A) R eq uisite Kn owl ed g e. Id entific atio n an d c ar e o f pe rso n al
pr ot e ctiv e eq ui p m e nt; s p e cifi c h a z a r ds a ss o ciat e d w it h t h e
fa cility; st r ate gi c pla n nin g fo r r es cu e in ci d ents; c o m m u ni ca
tion s a n d s af et y pr ot o c ols; at m o s ph e ri c m o nito rin g e qui p
m e nt n e e ds; i d e ntifi c atio n, c h ar a ct eri stics , e x p e ct ed
b eh a vi or , t y p e, c a us e s, an d ass o ci at ed ef f e cts o f p er so n n el
b e c o mi n g i n c a p a cit at e d or t r ap p e d; a n d r e c o g nitio n o f ,
pot e nti al fo r, an d sig n s of i m p en di ng buil din g c oll a ps e.
(B) R e quisite S kills. T he ability to us e p er so n al p rot e ctive
e q uip m e n t, d et e r mi n e r e s ou r c e n e e d s, s el e ct a nd op e r at e
b asi c a nd s p e ci ali z e d t o ols a nd e qui p m e nt , i m pl e m e n t
c o m m u nic atio ns an d s a f ety p rot o cols , a n d mitig at e s p e cifi c
h a z ar ds ass o ci at ed wit h r es c u e o f t r ap p e d or in c a p a cit at ed
p ers o nn el.
7.3* S ite-S pecific Requi rements. The management of the
indu strial fir e brig a d e s h all d ete r min e th e site -s pe cifi c
re q uir e m e nts t h at ar e a p plic a ble to th e i nt erio r stru ct ur al
ind ustri al fir e bri g ad e m e m b er o p er ati ng o n t h eir site. T he
pr oc es s us ed to d ete r min e t he site -sp e cifi c r e q uir e m ents sh all
b e d o cu m e nt e d , a nd th e s e a d ditio n al J P Rs a d d ed t o t ho s e
ide ntifi ed in S e ctio ns 7. 1 a n d 7. 2. B a s ed o n t h e ass e ss m e nt
P R I N C I P L E S A N D P R A C T I C E
of t h e site -sp e cifi c h az a rds o f th e f a cility a n d th e d uties t hat
indu strial fir e brig a d e m e m b ers ar e e xp e ct ed t o p erf or m , t he
m a n ag e m e nt o f th e ind ustri al fir e b rig ad e sh all det er mi n e th e
sp eci fic r eq uir e m e nts o f C ha pt ers 5 or 6 o f N FP A 47 2,
Standard for Professional Competence ojResponders to
Hazardous Mater ials Incidents, or the corresponding require-
m e nts in O S H A 2 9 C F R 1 91 0 .1 2 0( q ) t h at a ppl y
7 . 3 . 1 * Int e r pr et al a r m co n ditio ns, giv e n a n ala r m si gn al in g
s yst e m , a p r o c e d u r e , a n d a n a s si g n m e n t , s o t h at t h e al a r m
c o n ditio n is c o r r e ctl y i nt er p r et e d a n d a r e s p o ns e i s i nitiat e d.
(A) R eq uisite Kn owl ed g e. T he dif fe r ent ala r m det e ction s ys
te ms withi n t h e f a cility; dif fe r e nc e b et w e e n ala r m, tr ou bl e,
a nd s u p er vis or y ala r m s; h a z ar ds p r ote ct e d b y t h e d et e ctio n
syst e ms; h a z ar ds ass o ciat e d wit h e a c h t yp e o f al ar m co n di
tion; t h e e m e r g e n c y r es p o ns e pla n; a nd c o m m u ni c ati o n
pr o c ed ur e s.
(B) R e quisit e S kills. T h e a bility to u n d erst a nd th e dif f er e nt
typ e s of al ar m s, to i m ple m e nt th e r e sp o ns e , a n d t o pr o vid e
inf o r m ati o n t hr o u g h c o m m u ni c ati o ns .
7.3.2* A cti vat e a fi x ed fi re pr ote ctio n sy ste m , gi ve n r e q uir e d
p er so n al p r ote cti v e eq ui p m e nt, a fi x ed fir e pr ot e c tion sy st e m ,
a pr o c e d u r e , a n d a n a ssi g n m e nt , s o t h at t h e p ro c e d ur e s a r e
foll o w e d a n d t h e sy st e m o p er at e s.
(A) R eq uisite Kn owl ed ge . Diff er ent ty pes of e xtinguishin g
a g ent s on sit e, m a n u al fi r e su p pr e ssio n a ctiviti es w ithi n
a r e as c o v er e d b y fi x ed fi r e s u p pr es sio n sy st e ms , h a z ar ds
as so ci at e d w ith s yst e m o p e r atio n, h o w t h e s y ste m o p er at es ,
se q u en c e of o p e r atio n, s yst e m o v e rri d es an d m a n u al int e r
v e nti o n p r o c e d ur e s, a n d s h utd o w n p r o c e d u r es t o p r e v e nt
d a m a g e to t h e o p e r at ed s yst e m o r t o t h os e s yst e m s ass o ci
at e d w it h t h e o p e r at e d s y st e m .
(B) R eq uisite S kills. Th e a bility to op e rat e fi xe d fir e su pp res
sio n s yst e m s vi a el e ctri c al o r m e c h a ni c al m e a n s a n d t o s h ut
do w n fix e d fi r e s u pp r es sio n sy ste m s .
7.3.3 Utili z e m a ste r str e a m a ppli a n c es , giv e n a n assi g n m e nt,
a n e xtin g uis hin g a g e nt, a m a st er str e a m d evi c e , a n d su p pl y
h os e , s o t h at t h e a p pli a n c e i s s et u p c o rr e c tly a n d t h e a g ent is
a ppli e d a s as sig n e d.
(A) Re quisite Kn owle dg e. C orr e ct op er ation of m aste r stre a m
a ppli an c es , us es f or m ast er str e a m ap plia n c es , t a ctics u sin g
m a ste r str e a m a ppli a n c es , s el e ctio n o f t h e m a s t er st r e a m
a ppli a n c es f or dif f er e nt fir e situ ati on s, an d t h e e f f e ct of
m a ste r str e a m a ppli a n c es o n s e ar c h a n d r es c u e, v entil atio n
pr o c e d u r es , a n d p ro p e rt y c o ns e r v atio n .
(B) R e quisite S kills. T he ability to c or r e ctly p ut in s er vic e a
m ast e r str e a m a ppli an c e an d t o e v alu at e a nd f or e c ast a fi r e's
gr o w t h a n d d e v el o p m e nt.
 NFP A 108 1, Sta ndar d far Industrial Fire B riga de Me mber P r ofe ssi onal H ualilica tia ns, 200 7 E diti on
7.3.4* Extingu ish an ign it ible liqu id fire operat ing as a
member o f a team, g iven an assign ment, a hand line, per-
sonal protective equ ip ment, a foam proport ioning dev ice, a
nozzle, foam concentrates, and a water supply, so that the
correct type o f foam concentrate is selected for the given
fuel and condit ions, a co rrect ly p roport ioned foam stream is
applied to the surface of the fuel to create and maintain a
foam b lanket, fire is extinguished, re-ignit ion is prevented,
and team protect ion is maintained.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Methods by which foam prevents
or contro ls a hazard; p rincip les by wh ich foam is gener
ated; causes for poor foam generation and corrective meas
ures; difference bet ween hyd rocarbon and po lar solvent
fuels and the concent rates that wo rk on each; the charac
teristics, uses, and limitat ions of fire -fighting foams; the
advantages and disadvantages of using fog nozzles versus
foam no zzles fo r foam applicat ion; foam stream application
techniques; hazards associated with foam usage; and meth
ods to reduce o r avo id hazards.
(B) Requisite Skills. The ability to prepare a foam concen
trate supply fo r use, assemb le foam stream co mponents,
master various foam applicat ion techn iques, and approach
and ret reat fro m fires and spills as part o f a coo rdinated
team.
7.3.5* Control a flammab le gas fire operat ing as a member of
a team, g iven an assign ment , a handline, personal pro tective
equip ment , and tools, so that team integrity is maintained,
contents are identified, the flammab le gas source is
controlled or isolated, hazardous condit ions are recogn ized
and acted upon, and team safety is maintained.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Characteristics of flammable gases,
components of flammab le gas systems, effects of heat and
pressure on closed containers, BLEVE signs and effects,
methods for identify ing contents, water stream usage and
demands fo r p ressurized gas fires, what to do if the fire is
prematurely ext inguished, alternat ive act ions related to
various hazards, and when to ret reat.
(B) Requisite Skills. The ability to execute effective advances
and ret reats, app ly various techniques for water app lica
tion, assess gas storage container integrity and changing
conditions, operate control valves, and choose effect ive
procedures when cond it ions change.
7.3.6* Ext inguish a fire using special extinguishing agents
other than foam operating as a member of a team, given an
assignment, a handline, personal p rotective equip ment, and an
extinguishing agent supply, so that fire is ext inguished,
re-ignit ion is prevented, and team p rotection is maintained.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Methods by which special agents,
such as dry chemical, d ry po wder, and carbon d io xide,
801
prev ent or cont ro l a hazard; p rin cip les by wh ich special
agents are generated; the characteristics, uses, and limit a-
tions o f firefight ing special ag ents; the advan tages and
disadvantages o f us ing special agents; special ag ents
applicat ion techn iques; hazards associat ed with special
agents usag e; and methods t o reduce o r avo id hazards.
(B) Requisite Skills. The ability to operate a special agent
supply for use, master various special agents applicat ion
techniques, and approach and retreat fro m hazardous areas
as part of a coord inated team.
7.3.7* Utilize tools and equip ment assigned to the indus trial
fire brigade, g iven an assignment and specific tools, so that
tools are selected and correct ly used under adverse
conditions in accordance with manufacturer's reco mmenda-
tions and the po licies and p rocedures o f the industrial fire
brigade.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Available tools and equipment,
their storage locat ions, and their correct use in acco rdance
with recogn ized practices; and select ion o f tools and equ ip
ment given d ifferent condit ions.
(B) Requisite Skills. The ability to select and use the correct
tools and equip ment for various tasks, fo llow guidelines,
and restore tools and equip ment to service after use.
7.3.8 Set up and use portable ladders, given an assignment,
single and extension ladders, and team members as appro -
priate, so that hazards are assessed, the ladder is stable, the
angle is correct for climb ing, extension ladders are extended
to the correct height with the fly locked , the top is p laced
against a reliable structural co mponent, and the assignment is
accomplished.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Parts of a ladder, hazards associated
with setting up ladders, what constitutes a stable founda
tion for ladder placement, different angles for various tasks,
safety limits to the degree of angulat ion, and what consti
tutes a reliab le structural co mponent for top p lacement.
(B) Requisite Skills. The ability to carry ladders, raise lad
ders, extend ladders and lock flies, determine that a wall
and roof will support the ladder, judge extension ladder
height requ irements, and p lace the ladder to avo id obvious
hazards.
7.3.9* Interface with outside mutual aid organ izat ions, given
SOPs fo r mutual aid response and communicat ion protoco ls,
so that a unified co mmand is established and maintained.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Mutual aid procedures and the
structure of the mutual aid organ izat ion, site SOP?, and
incident management systems.
802 I N D U S T R I A L F I R E B R I G A D E :
Chapter 7: Interior Structural Industrial Fire
Brigade Member (continued)
(B) R eq uisite Skills. T h e ability to c o m mu nic at e with mut ual
ai d o rg a ni z atio ns a nd t o i nt eg r at e o p e r atio n al p e rs on n el in to
te a m s u nd e r a u nifi e d c o m m a n d .
7.3.10 Per fo r m a fir e s af ety s ur v ey in a f a cility, giv e n a n
as sig n m e nt, s u rv e y f o r ms , a n d p ro c e d ur e s, s o t h at fi r e a n d
life s af et y h a z ar ds ar e id e ntifi ed , r e co m m e n d atio ns f or th ei r
c or r e ctio n a r e m a d e, a n d u n r es olv e d is su e s a r e r ef e rr e d t o th e
pr o pe r a ut ho rity .
(A) R eq uisite Kn o wle dg e. Or g ani z ation al p olic y an d pr o ce
du r es , c o m m o n c a us es o f fi r e a n d t h eir pr e v e ntio n , a n d t h e
im po rt an c e o f fir e s af et y a n d r ef e rr al p ro c e du r es .
(B) R eq uisite S kills. T h e ability to c o m plet e f or ms , r e c og niz e
h a z a r ds , m at c h fi ndi n g s t o p r e- a p p r o v e d r e c o m m e n d a
tio ns , a n d e f f e cti v el y c o m m u ni c at e fi ndi n gs t o t h e p r o p er
aut ho rity.
7.3.1 1* Exti ng uis h a Cl as s C ( el ect ri c al) fi r e as a m e m b er o f a
te a m, giv e n a n as sig n m e nt, a Cla ss C fi re - e xtin guis hin g
a ppli a n c e/ e xtin g uis h er , a n d p e rs on al pr ot e ctiv e e qui p m e nt ,
so t h at t h e ty p e o f Cl ass C ag e nt is s el e ct ed f o r th e co n di tio n,
a s el e ct ed a g ent is co r r e ctly ap pli e d t o t h e f u el, fi r e i s
e xtin g uis h ed , r e -ig nitio n is p r e v ent e d, t e a m p r ot e ctio n is
m ai nt ai n e d, a n d t h e h a z a r d is f a c e d u ntil r et r e at t o s a f e h a v en
is r e a c h ed .
(A) Re q uisite Kn owl ed g e. M et ho ds b y w hic h Clas s C ag e nt
pr e v e nt s o r c o nt rol s a h a z a rd; m et h o ds by w hi c h Cl as s C
fir es ar e d e - en e rgi z ed; c a us es o f inj uri es fr o m Cl ass C fir e
fig htin g on liv e Cl a ss C fir e s wit h Cl ass A ag e nts an d t h e
Cl ass C ag e nts; t h e e xtin g uishi ng a g ents' c h ar a ct e ristics ,
us es , a n d li mit ati o ns; t h e a d v a nt ag e s a n d dis a d v ant a g es of
de - en e rgi zin g usi ng w ate r fo g n o zzl es o n a Cl ass A o r Clas s
B fir e; a nd m et h od s t o r e du c e or a voi d h a z a r ds.
(B) R eq uisite S kills. T he a bility to op er ate Cl ass C fir e extin
gui sh e rs or fi x e d sy st e ms an d ap p r o a ch a nd r et r e at f ro m
Cl ass C fi r es a s p art o f a c o or di nat e d t e a m .
P R I N C I P L E S A ND P R A C T I C E
Chapter 8: Industrial Fire Brigade Leader
8.1 Ge neral.
8.1.1 T his d uty s hall in vol v e e sta blis hin g c o m m a nd , usi n g
e m e rg e n c y re sp o ns e p ro c e d ur es , a nd ov e rs e ein g th e e m e r
g en c y r e sp o ns e a nd oth e r a d mi nist r ativ e d u ti es as o utli n ed
in C h apt er 4 of N FP A 60 0, Sta nd ard o n In dustrial Fir e
Bri g ad es , d e p en din g o n t h e sit e o rg a ni z atio n al st at e m e nt.
8.1.2 Qua lificat ion o r Cert ificat ion. For qu alification or certi
fi c atio n a s a n i n d ustri al fi r e b rig a d e le a d e r, t h e m e m b e r
sh all m eet th e J P Rs of th e l ev el o f th e in dust rial fir e bri g ad e
in w h i c h t h e y a r e l e a di ng i n a c c o r d a n c e wit h t h e r eq ui r e
m e nt s o f C h a pt e rs 5 , 6 , o r 7 a n d t h e J P Rs as d e fi n e d i n
Se cti o ns 8 . 1 a n d 8. 2 .
8.1.3 Gen eral Requis ite Kno wled ge. Th e or ga nizational struc
tur e o f t h e i nd ustri al fir e b ri ga d e; o p er atin g p ro c e d ur es f o r
a d minist r atio n, e m er g e n cy o p er ati on s, an d s af ety; in fo r m a
tion m a n a g e m e nt a nd r e c or d k e e pin g; i n cid e nt m a n ag e m e nt
syst e m; m et h od s us e d b y le a d e rs to obt ai n c o o p er ati on
wit hin a gr o up of su b or din at es; an d p olici es a nd p r oc e d ur e s
re g a rdi ng th e o p e r atio n of th e in du stri al fir e b rig a d e.
8.2 Supervisory F unctions.
8.2.1 A ssi gn ta sk s or r es p on sibilitie s to m e m b er s, gi v en a n
e m e r g en c y sit u atio n, s o t h at t h e in str u ctio ns a r e c o m pl et e,
cl e ar , a nd co n cis e; s af et y c on sid e r ation s a r e a dd r ess e d; a n d
th e d esi r ed out c o m e s a r e c o n v ey e d .
(A) R eq uisite K no wle dg e. V e rb al co m m unic ations d uring
e m er g en c y situ ations , t e ch niq u es us e d to m ak e assig n m e nts
un d e r str es sf ul situ ati o ns , a n d m et h od s o f c o nfi r mi ng
un d er st an din g o f as sig n ed t as ks.
(B) R equisite S kills. Th e ability to co nd ens e instru ctions f or
fre qu e ntly assig n ed unit tas ks bas e d u po n tr aining a nd S OPs .
8.2.2 D e v el op an initi al a ctio n pl an , gi ve n si z e- up in f or m a
tion f o r a n in ci d e nt a nd as sig n e d e m e r g e n cy r es po ns e
r es ou r c es , so t h at r es ou r c es a r e d e plo y e d t o c o ntr ol th e
em erg en cy.
 NFPA1081, Standard tap Industrial Fire Brigade Member Professional Qualifications, 2007 Edition
803
(A)* Requisite Knowledge. Elements of a size-up, SOPs for
emergency operations, and fire behavior.
(B) Requisite Skills. The ability to analyze emergency scene
condit ions, to allocat e resources , and to co mmun icate
verbally.
8.2.3* Implement an action p lan at an emergency situat ion,
given assigned resources, type of incident, preliminary plan,
and industrial fire brigade safety policies and proce dures, so
that resources are dep loyed to mit igate the situa tion and
team safety is maintained.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. SOPs, resources available, basic fire
control and emergency operation procedu res, an incident
management system, rap id intervent ion crew (RIC) proce -
dures, personnel accountability system, co mmon causes of
personal inju ry during industrial fire brigade act iv ities,
safety policies and p rocedures, and basic industrial fire
brigade member safety.
(B)* Requisite Skills. The ability to imp lement an incident
management system, to co mmunicate verbally, to supervise
and account for assigned personnel under emergency con-
ditions, and to ident ify safety hazards.
8.2.4* Coordinate mu lt iple resources, such as in -house and
mutual aid, during emergency situat ions, given an incident
requiring mu lt ip le resources and a site incident manage ment
system, so that the site incident management system
is imp lemented and the requ ired resources, their assign-
ments, and safety considerations for successful control of
the incident are identified .
(A) Requisite Knowledge. SOPs and local resources available
for the hand ling of the incident under emergency s itua
tions, basic fire control and emergency operat ion p roce
dures, an incident management system, and a personnel
accountability system.
(B) Requisite Skills. The ability to imp lement the site inci
dent management system, to co mmun icate verbally, and to
supervise and account for assigned personnel under emer
gency conditions.
8.2.5 Imp lement support operat ions at an incident, g iven an
assignment and availab le resources, so that scene lighting is
adequate for the tasks to be undert aken, personnel
rehab ilitat ion is facilitated, and the support operat ions
facilitate the incident objectives.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Resource management protocols,
principles for establishing lighting, and rescuer rehab ilita-
tion p ract ices and p rocedures.
NOTICE: An asterisk (*) fo llowing the nu mber o r letter
designating a paragraph indicates that exp lanatory material
on the paragraph can be found in Annex A of NFPA 1081,
Standard for Indus trial Fir e Br igade Member Qualifications,
2007 Ed ition.
 A tool A cutti ng tool wi th a pry bar buil t i nto the cutti ng part of the tool . Acce lerants
Materi al s, usuall y fl ammable li qui ds, used to ini ti ate or increase the spread of fi re.
Accel erator A devi ce that accel erates the removal of the ai r from a dry-pipe or
preacti on sprinkl er system.
Accidental fires Fi re cause cl assifi cati on that i ncl udes fi res with a proven cause that
does not i nvol ve a deliberate human act.
Accordion hose load A method of l oadi ng hose on a vehi cl e whose appearance
resembles accordi on sections. It i s achieved by standi ng the hose on i ts edge, then
pl aci ng the next fol d on i ts edge and so on.
Accountability system A method of accounti ng for all personnel at an emer-
gency i nci dent and ensuri ng that onl y personnel with specifi c assi gnments are
permi tted to work wi thi n the vari ous zones.
Activity logging system Devi ce that keeps a detailed record of every i nci dent
and acti vity that occurs.
Adaptor A devi ce that j oins hose coupli ngs of the same type, such as mal e to
mal e or femal e to femal e.
Adjustable gallonage fog nozzle A nozzl e that allows the operator to sel ect a
desi red flow from several setti ngs. A dz The pryi ng part of the Halli gan tool .
Aerial ladder A power-operated l adder permanentl y mounted on a piece of
apparatus.
Agrote rroris m The use of a bi ol ogi cal, chemi cal, radi ol ogi cal, or other agent
against either the preharvest or postharvest stages of food and fi ber producti on to
inspi re fear or cause economi c damage, publi c health i mpact, or other adverse i mpact
agai nst the United States. Bi ol ogi cal agents can i mpact ani mal or pl ant health or l ead
to human di sease if they are zoonoti c (i .e., di seases that are natu rall y transmi tted
between vertebrate ani mal s and man wi th or without an arthropod intermedi ary).
Air cylinder The component of the SCBA that stores the compressed ai r suppl y. A ir
line The hose through whi ch ai r fl ows, either wi thi n an SCBA or from an outsi de
source to a supplied air respi rator.
Air manage me nt The way i n whi ch an i ndi vi dual utili zes a li mi ted ai r suppl y to be
sure i t will l ast l ong enough to enter a hazardous area, accompli sh needed tasks, and
return safel y.
Air sa mpling detector A system that captures a sampl e of ai r from a room or
encl osed space and passes it through a smoke detecti on or gas anal ysi s devi ce.
Alarm init iation device An automati c or manuall y operated devi ce i n a fi re al arm
system that, when acti vated, causes the system to i ndi cate an al arm conditi on.
Alarm not ificat ion device An audi bl e and/or vi sual devi ce i n a fi re al arm system
that makes occupants or other persons aware of an al arm condi tion.
Alarm valve Thi s val ve si gnal s an al arm when a spri nkl er head i s acti vated and
prevents nui sance al arms caused by pressure vari ati ons.
Alpha partic les A type of radi ati on that qui ckl y l oses energy and can travel onl y
1" to 2 "from i ts source. Cl othi ng or a sheet of paper can stop thi s type of energy.
A mmonium phos phat e An exti ngui shi ng agent used i n dry che mi cal fi re
extingui shers that can be used on Cl ass A, B, and C fires. A NFO An explosi ve materi al
contai ni ng ammoni um ni trate fertili zer and fuel oil . Annealed The process of formi ng
standard gl ass.
Anthrax An infectious di sease spread by the bacteri a Bacillus anthraci s; typi call y
found around farms, i nfecti ng li vestock.
Aqueous film-f orming foa m ( AFFF) A water-based exti ngui shi ng agent used on
Cl ass B fi res that forms a foam l ayer over the liqui d and stops the production of
flammabl e vapors.
Arche d roof A rounded roof usuall y asso ci ated with a bow -truss. Ars on The
mali ci ous burni ng of one's own or another's property with a cri mi nal intent.
Arsonist A person who deli beratel y sets a fi re to destroy property wi th cri mi nal i ntent.
Attack engine The engi ne from whi ch the attack li nes have been pull ed. Attack
hose (attack line) The hose that deli vers water from a fi re pump to the fi re. Attack
hoses range in si ze from 1 "to 2 1 /2 ".
Automatic adjust ing fog nozzle A nozzle that can deli ver a wi de rang e of water
stream fl ows. It operates by an i nternal spri ng -l oaded pi ston. Aut omatic sprink ler
heads The worki ng ends of a sprinkl er sy stem. They serve to acti vate the system
and to appl y water to the f ire. A utomatic sprink ler system A system of pi pes fill ed
wi th water under pressure that di scharges water i mmedi atel y when a spri nkler head
opens. A wning window Wi ndows that have one l arge or two medi um panel s
operated by a hand crank from the corner of the window.
Backdraft The sudden expl osi ve i gniti on of fi re gases when oxygen i s i ntroduced i nto
a superheated space previ ousl y depri ved of oxygen. Backpack The harness of the
SCBA that supports the components worn by a brigade member.
Ball val ves Val ves used on nozzl es, gated wyes, and engi ne di scharge gates. Made
up of a ball with a hol e i n the mi ddl e of the ball. Ba lloon-f ra me construction An
ol der type of wood frame construction i n whi ch the wall studs extend verti call y from
the basement of a structure to the roof without any fi re stops.
Bam-ba m t ool A tool with a case-hardened screw, whi ch i s secured i n the keyway of
a lock, to remove the keyway from the lock.
Bangor ladder A l adder equi pped wi th tormentor pol es or staypol es that stabili ze the
ladder duri ng rai si ng and l oweri ng operati ons. Base stati on Radi os are permanentl y
mounted i n a buil di ng, such as a fi re stati on, communi cati ons center, or remote
transmitter si te. Batch mixing Pouri ng foam concentrate di rectl y i nto the booster
tank of an apparatus.
Battering ra m A tool made of hardened steel with handl es on the si des used to force
doors and to breach wall s. Larger versi ons are used by up to four peopl e; small er
versi ons are made for one or two peopl e. Bea m detector A smoke detecti on de vi ce
that proj ects a narrow beam of li ght across a l arge open area from a sendi ng unit to a
recei vi ng uni t. When the beam i s i nterrupted by smoke, the recei ver detects a
reducti on i n light transmi ssi on and acti vates the fi re alarm.
Beam One of the two mai n structural pi eces runni ng the enti re l ength of each l adder
or l adder secti on. The beams support the rungs. Beari ng wall A wall that i s desi gned
to support the wei ght of a fl oor or roof. Bed section The l owest and widest section of
an extensi on l adder. The fl y secti ons of the l adder extend from the bed section. Bends
Knots used to j oi n two ropes together.
Beta pa rtic les A type of radi ati on that i s capabl e of traveli ng 10't o 15'. Heavi er
materi al s such as metal, plasti c, and gl ass can stop thi s type of energy. Bight A
U-shape created by bendi ng a rope wi th the two si des parall el . Bimeta llic stri p A
devi ce with components made from two di sti nct metal s that respond differentl y to
heat. When heated, the metal s will bend or change shape.
Biologic agents Di sease-causing bacteria, vi ruses, and other agents that attack the
human body.
Bite A small openi ng made to enabl e better tool acces s i n forci bl e entry.
 Blistering agents Chemicals that cause the skin to blister.
Block creel construction Rope constructed without knots or splices in the yarns,
ply yarns, strands, braids, or rope.
Boiling-liquid, expanding-vapor explosion (BLEVE) An explosion that Can
occur when a tank containing a liquid f uel overheats.
Boilov er Violent ejection of fuel f rom a tank when hot heavy hy drocarbons contact
water in a tank bottom, causing a steam explosion.
Bolt cutter A cutting tool used to cut through thick metal objects such as bolts,
locks, and wire fences.
Booster hose (booster lin es) A rigid hose that is 3/4" or 1" in diam eter. This
hose deliv ers only 30 to 60 gpm, but can do so at high pressures. It is used f or
small fires.
Bounce off Foam application utilizing an object to bounce f oam off of to gently
flow onto the fuel surface.
Bowstring truss Trusses that are curv ed on the top and straight on the bottom.
Box-end wre nch A hand tool used to tighten or loosen bolts. The end is
enclosed, as opposed to an open-end wrench. Each wrench is a specif ic size and
most hav e ratchets f or easier use.
Braided rope Rope constructed by intertwining or weav ing strands together.
Branch A superv isory lev el established to manage the span of control abov e the
div ision or group lev el; usually applied to operations or logistics functions.
Branch director Officer in charge of all resources operating within a specif ied
branch, responsible to the next higher level in the incident organization (either a
Section Chief or the Incident Commander).
Breakaway nozzle A nozzl e with a tip that can be separated f rom the shut -off
valve.
Bresnan distributor nozzle A dev ice that can be placed in conf ined spaces. The
nozzle spins, spreading water over a large area.
Brigade member The brigade member may be assigned any task, from placing
hose lines to extinguishing fires. Generally, the brigade member is not responsible
for any command functions and does not supervise other personnel, except on a
temporary basis when promoted to an acting officer.
British thermal unit (BTU) The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of
one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit.
Buddy system A system in which two brigade members always work as a team f or
saf ety purposes.
Budget An itemized summary of estimated or intended expenditures f or a giv en
period along with proposals for f inancing them.
Bunker coat (turnout coat) The protectiv e coat worn by a brigade member f or
interior structural firef ighting.
Bunker pants (turnout pants) The protectiv e trousers worn by a brigade
member for interior structural f irefighting.
Burnback resistance The ability of a f oam blanket to resist direct flame impinge-
ment.
Butt Often called the heel or base, the butt is the end of the ladder that is placed
against the ground when the ladder is raised.
Butt plate (f ootpad) An alternativ e to a simple butt spur; a swiv eling plate with both
a spur and a cleat or pad that is attached to the butt of the ladder.
Butt spurs The metal spikes attached to the butt of a ladder. The spurs help
prev ent the butt f rom slipping out of position.
Butterf ly valv es Valves that are f ound on the large pump intake valv e where the
hard or soft suction hose connects.
Call box System of telephones connected by phone lines, radio equipment, or
cellular technology to communicate with a communications center or fire organiza-
tion.
Carabiner (snap link) A piece of metal hardware used extensiv ely in rope rescue
operations. It is generally an oval-shaped dev ice with a spring-loaded clip that can
be used f or connecting together pieces of rope, webbing, or other hardware.
Carbon di oxide (C O2) f ire extinguishe r A f ire extinguisher that uses carbon
dioxide gas as the extinguishing agent.
Carbon dioxid e extinguishi ng sy stem A system designed to protect a single
room or series of rooms by flooding the area with carbon dioxide. Carbon
monoxide (CO) A toxic gas produced through incomplete combustion.
Carpenter's handsaw A saw designed f or cutting wood. Carryall A piece of
heavy canvas with handles, which can be used to tote debris, ash, embers, and
burning materials out of a structure. Cartridge-operated extinguisher A f ire
extinguisher that has the expellant gas in a cartridge separate from the
extinguishing agent storage shell. The storage shell is pressurized by a mechanical
action that releases the expellant gas. Cascade sy stem An apparatus consisting of
multiple tanks used to store compressed air and fill SCBA cy linders.
Case-hardened steel A process that uses carbon and nitrogen to harden the outer
core of a steel component, while the inner core remains soft. Case-hardened steel
can only be cut with specialized tools.
Casement window Windows in a steel or wood f rame that open away from the
building via a crank mechanism.
Ceiling hook A tool with a long wooden or f iberglass pole that has a metal point
with a spur at right angles at one end. It can be used to probe ceilings and pull down
plaster lath material.
Cellar nozzles Nozzles used to f ight fires in cellars and other inaccessible places
These devices work by spreading water in a wide pattern as the nozzle is lowered by
a hole into the cellar.
Central station An off-premises f acility that monitors alarm systems and is
responsible for notifying the fire brigade of an alarm. These f acilities may be
geographically located some distance from the protected building(s). Chain of
command The superior-subordinate authority relationship that starts at the top of
the organization hierarchy and extends to the lowest lev els. Chain of custody A legal
term used to describe the paperwork or documentation describing the movement,
storage, and custody of evidence, such as the record of possession of a gas can f rom
a f ire scene.
Chain saw A power saw that uses the rotating movement of a chain equipped with
sharpened cutting edges. Ty pically used to cut through wood. Chase Open space
within walls f or wires and pipes.
Chemical energy Energy created or released by the combination or decomposition
of chemical compounds.
Chisel A metal tool with one sharpened end used to break apart material in
conjunction with a hammer, mallet, or sledgehammer. Chlorine A yellowish gas that
is about 2.5 times heav ier than air and slightly water-soluble. It has many industrial
uses but also damages the lungs when inhaled (a choking agent).
Choking agent A chemical designed to inhibit breathing and ty pically intended to
incapacitate rather than kill.
Churning Recirculation of exhausted air that is drawn back into a
negativ e-pressure fan in a circular motion.
Circumstantial ev idence The means by which alleged f acts are prov en by
deduction or inf erence f rom other f acts that were observed first hand. Clapper valve
1
A mechanical device installed within a piping system that allows*
 810 I N D U S T R I A L F I R E B R I G A D E : P R I N C I P L E S
water to flow in only one direction.
Class I standpipe A standpipe system designed f or use by fire brigade personnel
only. Each outlet should have a valve to control the flow of water and a 2 'A"male
coupling f or f ire hose.
Class II standpipe A standpipe system designed f or use by occupants of a building
1
only . Each outlet is generally equipped with a length of 1 / 2" single-jacket hose and a
nozzle, preconnected to the system. Class in standpipe A combination system that
has f eatures of both Class I and Class II standpipes.
Class A fires Fires inv olv ing ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth,
paper, rubber, and many plastics.
Class B f ires Fires inv olving f lammable and combustible liquids, oils, greases,
tars, oil-based paints, lacquers, and f lammable gases. Class C f ires Fires that
inv olv e energized electrical equipment where the electrical conductivity of the
extinguishing media is of importance. Class D fires Fires inv olving combustible
metals such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, and potassium.
Class K fires Fires involv ing combustible cooking media such as vegetable oils,
animal oils, and fats. Claw The f orked end of a tool.
Claw bar A tool with a pointed claw-hook on one end and a forked- or flat-chisel pry
on the other end. It is often used for forcible entry. Clean agent Gaseous f ire
extinguishing agent that does not leav e a residue when it evaporates. Also known as
halogenated agents. Clemens hookA multipurpose tool that can be used f or
sev eral forcible entry and v entilation applications because of its unique head
design. Closed-circuit breathing apparatus SCBA designed to recy cle the user's
exhaled air. The system removes carbon dioxide and generates fresh oxygen. Closet
hookA ty pe of pike pole intended f or use in tight spaces, commonly 2' to 4' in
length.
Cockloft The concealed space between the top floor ceiling and the roof of a
building.
Coded system A f ire alarm system design that div ides a building or f acility into
zones and has audible notification dev ices that can be used to identify the area
where an alarm originated.
Combination attack A ty pe of attack employ ing both the direct and indirect attack
methods.
Combination ladder A ladder that conv erts f rom a straight ladder to a step ladder
conf iguration (A-frame) or from an extension ladder to a step ladder configuration.
Combustibility Determines whether or not a material will burn.
Combustion A chemical process of oxidation that occurs at a rate fast enough to
produce heat and usually light in the f orm of either a glow or flames. Come along A
hand-operated tool used f or dragging or lifting heavy objects. Sometimes known as
lev er blocks.
Command The first component of the IMS system. This is the only position in
the IMS system that must always be staffed.
Command post The location at the scene of an emergency where the Incident
Commander is located and where command, coordination, control, and communi-
cations are centralized.
Command staff Staff positions established to assume responsibility for key
activities in the incident management system; indiv iduals at this lev el report directly
to the IC. Command staff include the Safety Officer, Public Information Officer, and
Liaison Officer.
Communications center Facility that receiv es emergency or non-emergency
reports from citizens. Many communications centers are responsible for dispatching
fire brigade units as well.
Company officer Usually a lieutenant or captain in charge of a team of brigade
members, both on scene and at the station. The brigade leader is responsible f or
firefighting strategy, safety of personnel, and the overall activities of the brigade
members on their apparatus.
Competent ignition source A competent ignition source is one that can ignite a
AND P R A C T I C E
fuel under the existing conditions at the time of the fire. It must have sufficient heat
and be in proximity to the f uel f or sufficient time to ignite the f uel. Compressor A
mechanical device that increases the pressure and decreases the v olume of
atmospheric air; used to refill SCBA cylinders. Computer-aided dispatch (CAD)
Computer-based, automated sy stems used by telecommunicators to obtain and
assess dispatch information. The system recommends the type of response required.
Conduction Heat transfer to another body or within a body by direct contact.
Conf ined space A space large enough and configured so an employee can enter,
has limited or restricted mean for entry or exit and is not designed for continuous
employee occupancy.
Conf lagration A large f ire, of ten inv olv ing multiple structures. Contaminated A
term used to describe evidence that may have been altered from its original state.
Conv ection Heat transfer by circulation within a medium such as a gas or a liquid.
Coping saw A saw designed to cut curv es in wood. Coupling One set or a pair of
connection dev ices attached to a f ire hose that allows the hose to be
interconnected to additional lengths of hose. Crew An organized group of brigade
members under the leadership of a brigade leader, crew leader, or other designated
official.
Critical i ncid ent stress de bri ef ing (CISD) A co nf identia l gro up d iscussio n
among those who serv ed at a traumatic incident to address emotional, psychologi-
cal, and stressf ul issues; usually occurs within 24 to 72 hours of the incident.
Critical incident stress management (CISM) A sy stem to help personnel deal
with critical incident stress in a positiv e manner; its aim is to promote long-term
mental and emotional health after a critical incident. Critique A process that
examines the ov erall effectiv eness of a policy, drill, or emergency response and is
used in the development of recommendations for improving an organization's
day -to-day and emergency response procedures. Cross-zoned system A f ire alarm
sy stem that requires activation of two separate detection dev ices bef ore initiating an
alarm condition. If a single detection dev ice is activ ated, the alarm control panel will
usually show a problem or trouble condition.
Crowbar A straight bar made of steel or iron with a forked-like chisel on the working
end suitable f or perf orming forcible entry. Curtain walls Nonbearing walls used to
separate the inside and outside of the building, but not part of the support structure
f or the building. Curved roofs Roofs that hav e a curv ed shape. Cutting tool Tools
that are designed to cut into metal or wood. Cutting torch A torch that produces a
high temperature flame capable of heating metal to its melting point, thereby cutting
through an object. Because of the high temperatures (5,700°F) that these torches
produce, the operator must be specially trained before using this tool. Cy anide A
highly toxic chemical agent that attacks the circulatory system.
Cy berterrorism The intentional act of electronically attacking government or priv ate
computer systems.
Cy linder The body of the fire extinguisher where the extinguishing agent is stored.
Cy lindrical lock The most common fixed lock in use today . The locks and handles
are placed into predrilled holes in the doors. One side of the door will usually hav e a
key -in-the-knob lock, and the other will have a key way, a button, or some other ty pe
of locking/unlocking dev ice.
Deadbolt A secondary locking dev ice used to secure a door in its frame.
Dead load The weight of a building; the dead load consists of the weight of all
materials of construction incorporated into a building, including but not limited to
walls, f loors, roofs, ceilings, stairways, built-in partitions, f inishes, cladding, and
other similarly incorporated architectural and structural items, as well as f ixed
serv ice equipment, including the weight of cranes.
Decay phase The phase of fire development where the fire has consumed either
the av ailable f uel or oxy gen and is starting to die down.
Deck gun Apparatus-mounted master stream dev ice intended to f low large
amounts of water directly onto a fire or exposed building.

Decontamination The physical or chemical process of remov ing any f orm of
contaminant from a person, an object, or the environment. Def ensiv e attack
Exterior f ire suppression operations directed at protecting exposures.
Dehy dration A state in which fluid losses are greater than fluid intake into the body,
leading to shock and ev en death if untreated. Deluge head A sprinkler head that
has no release mechanism; the orif ice is always open.
Deluge sprinkler sy stem A sprinkler system in which all sprinkler heads are open.
When an initiating device, such as a smoke detector or heat detector, is activ ated, the
deluge v alve opens and water discharges f rom all of the open sprinkler heads
simultaneously.
Deluge v alve A valve assembly designed to release water into a sprinkler system
when an external initiation device is activated.
Demonstrative ev idence Term used to describe materials used to demonstrate a
theory or explain an ev ent.
Depressions Indentations felt on a kernmantle rope that indicate damage to the
interior core, or kern, of the rope.
Depth of char The thickness of the layer of a material that has been consumed by a
fire. The depth of char on wood can be used to help determine the duration of a fire.
Designated incident f acilities Assigned locations where specific f unctions are
alway s performed.
Direct attack Firef ighting operations inv olv ing the application of extinguishing
agents directly onto the burning f uel.
Direct evidence Evidence that is reported f irst hand, such as statements from an
ey ewitness who saw or heard something. Direct line Telephone that connects two
predetermined points. Dispatch A summons to f ire brigade units to respond to an
emergency. Also known as alerting, dispatch is performed by the telecommunicator
at the communications center.
Distributors Relatively small-diameter underground pipes that deliv er water to
systems or devices.
Div ision An organizational lev el within IMS that divides an incident into geo-
graphic areas of operational responsibility.
Div ision superv isor The off icer in charge of all resources operating within a
specified div ision, responsible to the next higher level in the incident organization,
and the point-of -contact f or the div ision within the organization. Doff To take off an
item of clothing or equipment.
Dogs (pawls, ladder locks, and rung locks) A mechanical locking dev ice used to
secure the fly section(s) of a ladder after they have been extended. Don To put on
an item of clothing or equipment.
Door An entry way; the primary choice for forcing entry into a vehicle or structure.
Double-action pull-station A manual f ire alarm activ ation dev ice that takes two
steps to activ ate the alarm. The person must push in a flap, lift a cov er, or break a
piece of glass before activ ating the alarm.
Double-f emale adaptor A hose adaptor that is equipped with two f emale con-
nectors. It allows two hoses with male couplings to be connected together.
Double-hung windo w Windows that hav e two mov able sashes that can go up and
down.
Double jacket hose A hose constructed with two lay ers of wov en f ibers.
Double-male adaptor A hose adaptor that is equipped with two male connectors. It
allows two hoses with female couplings to be connected together. Double-pane
glass Window design that traps air or inert gas between two pieces of glass to
improv e insulation.
Draf ting sites Location where an engine can draft water directly from a static
source.
Drainage rate The rate at which solution drains from the f oam blanket. For f oam
quality test purposes, it is the time it takes f or 25% of the solution to drain from the
foam blanket.
Driv er/operator Often called an engineer or technician, the driv er is responsible for
getting the fire apparatus to the scene safely, setting up, and running the pump
Gl oss ary
811
or operating the aerial ladder once it arrives on the scene. Dry-barrel hydrant A type
of hydrant used in areas subject to f reezing weather. The valv e that allows water to
flow into the hydrant is located underground, and the barrel of the hy drant is
normally dry.
Dry chemical extinguishing sy stem An automatic f ire extinguishing sy stem that
discharges a dry chemical agent.
Dry chemical f ire extinguisher An extinguishe r that uses a mixture of finely
divided solid particles to extinguish fires. The agent is usually sodium bicarbonate-,
potassium bicarbonate-, or ammonium phosphate-based, with additives to prov ide
resistance to packing and moisture absorption and to promote proper f low
characteristics.
Dry hydrant An arrangement of pipe that is permanently connected to allow a f ire
brigade engine to draft water f rom a static source. Dry -pipe valv e The valv e
assembly on a dry sprinkler system that prev ents water f rom entering the system
until the air pressure is released. Dry powder extinguishi ng agent Extingu ishing
agent used in putting out Class D fires. The common dry powder extinguishing
agents include sodium chloride and graphite-based powders.
Dry powder f ire extinguisher A f ire extinguishe r that uses an extinguishin g agent
in powder or granular f orm, designed to extinguish Class D combustible metal fires
by crusting, smothering, or heat-transferring means. Dry sprinkler sy stem A
sprinkler system in which the pipes are normally f illed with compressed air. When
a sprinkler head is activ ated, it releases the air from the system, which opens a valve
so the pipes can fill with water. Dry wall hook A specialized v ersion of a pike pole
that can remov e dry wall more effectively because of its hook design.
Duck-billed lock breaker A tool with a point that can be inserted in the shackles of
a padlock. As the point is driven further into the lock, it gets larger and f orces the
shackles apart until they break.
Duplex channel A radio system that uses two frequencies per channel. One
frequency transmits and the other receives messages. The system uses a repeater
site to transmit messages ov er a greater distance than a simplex system.
Dutchman A term used for a short f old placed in a hose when loading it into the bed.
This f old prevents the coupling from turning in the hose bed. Dy namic rope A rope
generally made out of sy nthetic materials that is designed to be elastic and stretch
when loaded. Used often by mountain climbers.
Early suppression fast response (ESFR) sprinkler head A sprinkler head
designed to react quickly and suppress a f ire in its early stages.
Ecoterrorism Terrorism directed against causes that radical env ironmentalists
think would damage the earth or its creatures.
Edge roller A device used to prevent damage to a rope from jagged edges or
friction.
Eductor A f oam proportioner that operates as a v enturi to draw foam concentrate
into the water stream.
Egress A method of exiting from an area or a building.
Ejectors Electrical f ans used in negativ e-pressure v entilation.
Electrical energy Heat produced by electricity.
Electrolytes Certain salts and other chemicals that are dissolv ed in body f luids and
cells.
Elev ated master stream Nozzle mounted on the end of an aerial device capable
of deliv ering large amounts of water onto a f ire or exposed building from an
elev ated position.
Elev ated water storage tank An abov e-ground water storage tank that is
designed to maintain pressure on a water distribution system.
Elev ation pressure The amount of pressure created by grav ity.
Emergency by pass mode Operating mode that allows an SCBA to be used ev en
if part of the regulator f ails to f unction properly .
Emergency incident rehabil itation A f unction on the emergency scene that
cares f or the well-being of the brigade members. It includes physical assessment,
rev italization, medical evaluation and treatment, and regular monitoring of v ital
signs.
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel EMS personnel trained to
 812 I N D U S T R I A L F I R E B R I G A D E :
administer prehospital care to people who are sick or injured. Emergency
response operations plan Plan designe d to identify the lev els Of response
needed f or certain locations with emergency situations. Emergency traff ic An
urgent message, such as a call f or help or ev acuation, transmitted over a radio
that takes precedence ov er all normal radio traffic. Employ ee assistance program
(EAP) Program adopted by many organizations f or brigade members to receiv e
confidential help with problems such as substance abuse, stress, depression, or
burnout that can affect their work perf ormance. Endothermic reactions Reactions
that absorb heat or require heat to be added. EntrapmentA condition in which a
v ictim is trapped by debris, soil, or other material and is unable to extricate himself
or herself. Ev acuation signal Warn all personnel to pull back to a saf e location.
Excav ation Any man-made cut, cav ity, trench, or depression in an earth surf ace,
formed by earth removal.
Exhauster A device that accelerates the removal of the air from a dry -pipe or
preaction sprinkler system.
Exothermic reactions Reactions that result in the release of energy in the f orm
of heat.
Expande d incident rep ort narrativ e A report in which al l company members
submit a narrativ e describing what they observed and which activities they per-
f ormed during an incident.
Exposure Any person or property that may be endangered by flames, smoke,
gases, heat, or runoff from a fire.
Extension Fire that mov es into areas not originally inv olved, including walls,
ceilings, and attic spaces; also the movement of fire into uninvolv ed areas of a
structure.
Extension ladder An adjustable-len gth, multiple-section ladder. Exterior wall A
wall— of ten made of wood, brick, metal, or masonry —that makes up the outer
perimeter of a building. Exterior walls are often load-bearing. Extinguishing agent
Material used to stop the combustion process; extinguishing agents may include
liquids, gases, dry chemical compounds, and dry powder compounds.
Extra hazard locations Occupancies where the total amounts of Class A com -
bustibles and Class B flammables are greater than expected in occupancies classed
as ordinary (moderate) hazard. Face piece Component of SCBA that f its over the
face. False alarm The activ ation of a fire alarm system when there is no fire or emer-
gency condition.
Federa l Communicati ons Commission (FCC) United States f ederal reg ula tory
authority that oversees radio communications. Film-f orming f luoroprotein (F FFP ) A
water- based extingu ishing ag ent used on Class B f ires that f orms a foam lay er
ov er the liquid and stops the production of flammable vapors.
Finance/administration section The command-lev el section of IMS responsible
f or all costs and financial aspects of the incident, as well as any legal issues that
arise.
Finished foam The homogeneous blanket obtained by mixing water, f oam con-
centrate, and air.
Fire A rapid, persistent chemical reaction that releases both heat and light. Fire
alarm annunciator panel Part of the f ire alarm sy stem that indicates the source of
an alarm within a building.
Fire alarm control panel That component in a f ire alarm system that controls the
functions of the entire system.
Fire dep artment conn ection (FDC) A f ire hose conn ection thro ugh whic h the
fire brigade can pump water into a sprinkler system or standpipe system.
Fire enclosures Fire-rated assemblies used to enclose vertical openings such as
stairwells, elev ator shafts, and chases for building utilities.
Fireground command (FGC) An incident management system dev eloped in the
1970s f or day -to-day f ire brigade incidents (generally handled with fewer than 25
units or companies).
Fire helmet Protectiv e head cov ering worn by brigade members to protect the
head f rom falling objects, blunt trauma, and heat.
P R I N C I P L E S A N D P R A C T I C E
Fire hy draulics The phy sical science of how water f lows through a pipe or hose.
Fire load The weight of combustibles in a fire area or on a floor in buildings and
structures including either contents or building parts, or both.
Fire partitions Interior walls extending f rom the floor to the underside of the f loor
above.
Fire point (f lame point) The lowest temperature at which a liquid releases
enough v apors to ignite and sustain combustion.
Fire protection engineer The f ire protection engineer usually has an engineering
degree, rev iews plans, and works with building owners to ensure that their f ire
suppression and detection systems will meet the relev ant codes and function as
needed.
Fire-rated glass Special glass f ormulated to achiev e a f ire rating.
Fire resistiv e construction (Ty pe l) Bu ildi ngs wher e the structural memb ers
are of noncombustible materials that have a specified f ire resistance.
Fire safety inspection An inspection based on the NFPA f ire code f or the type of
occupancy (such as commercial or manufacturing facilities) and for the ty pe of
specif ic hazard (such as f lammable liquids or combustible dust).
Fire saf ety surv ey The process of identifying hazards bef ore an incident takes
place. For example, accessability of doors, storage of combustible or f lammable
materials and electrical equipment are all considered during this process.
FIRESCOPE (Fire RESources of California Organized for Potential
Emergencies) An organization of agencies established in the early 1970s to
dev elop a standardized system f or managing fire resources at large-scale incidents
such as wildland fires.
Fire tetrahedron A geometric shape used to depict the four components required
for a fire to occur: fuel, oxygen, heat, and chemical chain reactions.
Fire wall A wall with a f ire-resistiv e rating and structural stability that separates
buildings or subdiv ides a building to prev ent the spread of fire.
Fire windo w A wind ow or glass block assembly with a fire-resistiv e rating.
Fixed gallonage f og nozzle A nozzle deliv ers a set number of gallons per minute
that the nozzle was designed f or, no matter what pressure is applied to the nozzle.
Fixed-temperature heat detector A sensing dev ice that responds when its
operating element is heated to a predetermined temperature.
Flame detector A sensing dev ice that detects the radiant energy emitted by a
flame.
Flammability limits (explosiv e limits) The u pper a nd lo wer concentr ation
limits of a f lammable gas or v apor in air that can be ignit ed, expressed as a
percentage of fuel by volume.
Flashov erThe condition where all combustibles in a room or conf ined space
hav e been heated to the point at which they release v apors that will support
combustion, causing all combustibles to ignite simultaneously.
Flash point The minimum temperature at which a liquid releases sufficient v apor
to f orm an ignitable mixture with the air.
Flat bar A specialized ty pe of pry ing tool made of f lat steel with prying ends
suitable for performing f orcible entry.
Flat-head axe A tool that has an axe head on one side and a flat head on the
opposite side.
Flat hose load A method of putting a hose on apparatus in which the hose is laid
flat and stacked on top of the prev ious section.
Flat roofs Horizontal roofs often found on commercial or industrial occupancies.
Floodlight A light that can illuminate a broad area.
Floor runne r A piece of canv as or plastic material, usually 3'to 4'wide an d in
v arious lengths, used to protect f looring from dropped debris and/or dirt f rom
shoes and boots.
Flow pressure The amount of pressure created by mov ing water.
Flow switch An electrical switch that is activ ated by water mov ing through a pipe
on a sprinkler system.
Fluorochemical surf actant A chemical compound containing f luorine that is used
to reduce surface tension when dissolved in a solution. Fly section A section of an
extension ladder that is raised or extended from the base section or f rom another fly
section. Some extension ladders have more than one fly section.

Foam concentrate The foami ng agent that i s mi xed wi th the appropri ate amounts of
water and air to produce mechani cal foam.
Foam proporti oner The devi ce that mi xes foam concentrate i nto a water stream i n
the correct percentage.
Foam sol uti on A homogeneous mi xture of water and foam concentrate i n the
correct proporti ons.
Fog stream nozzl e Devi ce placed at the end of a fi re hose that separates water i nto
fine droplets to aid i n heat absorpti on.
Fol di ng l adder A l adder that coll apses by bri ngi ng the two beams together for
portabili ty. Unfol ded, the fol di ng l adder i s narrow and used for access to atti c scuttle
hol es and confi ned areas.
Forci bl e entry Techni ques used by bri gade members to gai n entry i nto buil di ngs,
vehi cl es, ai rcraft, or other areas when normal means of entry are l ocked or blocked.
Forward l ay A method of l ayi ng a suppl y li ne where the li ne starts at the water
source and i s l ai d toward the fi re.
Forward stagi ng area A strategi call y pl aced area, cl ose to the i nci dent site, where
personnel and equi pment can be h eld in readiness for rapid response to an emergency
event.
Four-wa y h ydrant val ve A speci ali zed type of val ve that can be pl aced o n a hydrant
that allows another engi ne to i ncrease the suppl y pressure wi thout i nter rupti ng fl ow.
Frangi bl e bul b spri nkl er he ad A spri nkl er head that use s a gl as s bul b fill ed wi th
gl yceri n or al cohol to hol d the cap i n pl ace. The bul b al so contai ns an ai r bubbl e. As
the bul b i s heated, liqui d absorbs the ai r bubbl e and expands until it breaks the glass,
releasi ng the cap.
Frangi bl e-pell et spri nkl er head A spri nkl er head that i s acti vated when the
sol der pell et mel ts at a preset temperature.
Freel anci ng Dangerous practi ce of acti ng i ndependentl y of command i nstructi ons.
Fresno l adder (atti c l adder) A narrow, two -s ecti on extensi on l adder that has no
hal yard. Because of its li mited l ength, it can be extended manuall y. Fri cti on l oss The
reducti on i n pressure due to the water bei ng i n contact wi th the si de of the hose. Thi s
contact requi res force to overcome the drag the wall of the hose reates.
Frostbi te Damage to ti ssues as the resul t of exposure to col d; frozen or parti all y
frozen body parts.
Frothover A frothi ng of burni ng crude oil caused when water contacts super -
heated fuel and flashes to steam.
Fuel All combustibl e material s. The actual material that i s being consumed by a fi re,
all owi ng the fi re to take pl ace.
Full y devel oped phase The phase of fi re devel opment where the fi re i s
free-burni ng and consumi ng much of the fuel .
Full y encapsul ated suits A protecti ve sui t that compl etel y cover s the bri gade
member, incl udi ng the breathing apparatus, and does not l et any vapor or fl uids
enter the suit.
Full-tim e fire b rigade me mb er A fir e briga de me mb er who is assigned to the
fire bri gade full -ti me; normall y superv ised by the fi re brigade l eader.
Fusible link sprinkler head A s prinkler hea d with an activation me chanis m that
incorporates two pi eces of metal held together by low-mel ting-poi nt solder. When the
sol der mel ts, it rel eases the link and water begi ns to fl ow. Gam ma rays A type of
radiati on that can travel si gni fi cant di stances, penetrati ng most material s and passing
through the body. Gamma radi ati on i s the most destructi ve to the human body.
Gas One of the three phases of matter. A substance that will expand i ndefini tel y and
assume the shape of the container hat hol ds it. Gas detector A devi ce that detects
and/or measures the concentrati on of dangerous gases.
Gated wye A val ved devi ce that spite a si ngl e hose i nto two separate hoses,
allowi ng each hose to be turned on and off i ndependentl y.
Gate val ves Val ves found on nydrarts and spri nkl er systems.
Generator An engine-powered device that provides electri city.
Gl ass bl ocks Thi ck pi eces of gtass si mil ar to bri ck s or til es.
Gl os sa ry
813
Gl azed Transparent gl ass.
Gl ucose The source of energy for the body. One of the basi c sugars, it i s the
pri mary fuel , al ong with oxygen.
Grade The l evel at whi ch the ground i ntersects the foundati on of a structure. Gra vi ty
feed s ystem A water di stri buti on syste m that depends on gravi ty to provi de the
requi red pressure. The system storage i s usuall y located at a hi gher el evation than
the end users.
Gri ppi ng pli ers A hand tool with a pi ncer-li ke worki ng end that can be used to bend
wi re or hol d small er obj ects.
Group An organi zati on l evel wi thin IMS that di vi des an i nci dent accordi ng to
functi onal areas of operati on.
Group super vi sor The bri gade l eader i n charge of all resource s operati ng withi n a
speci fi ed group, responsi bl e to the next hi gher l evel i n the i nci dent organi zati on, and
the poi nt-of-contact for the group withi n the organi zati on. Gro wth phase The phase
of fi re devel opment where the fi re i s spreadi ng beyond the poi nt of ori gi n and
begi nni ng to i nvol ve other fuel s i n the i mmediate area. Gui deli ne A rope use d for
ori entati on when i nsi de a structure when there i s l ow or no vi si bili ty; it i s attached to
a fi xed obj ect outside the hazardous area. Gui des Stri ps of metal or wood that serve
to gui de a fl y secti on duri ng extensi on. Channel s or sl ots i n the bed or fl y secti on
may al so serve as gui des. Gu sset pl ates The connecti ng pl ate made of wood or
lightwei ght metal used i n trusses.
Gyp sum A naturall y occurring material composed of cal ci um sulfate and water
mol ecules.
Gyp sum board The generi c name for a famil y of sheet products consi sti ng of a
noncombusti bl e core pri maril y of gypsum wi th paper surfaci ng. Hacksa w A cutti ng
tool desi gned for use on metal. Di fferent blades can be used for cutti ng different types
of metal.
Halli gan tool A pryi ng tool that i ncorporates a pi ck and a cl aw, desi gned for use i n
the fi re servi ce. Someti mes known as a Hooli gan tool. Hal ocarbon A compound,
such as a fl uorocarbon, that i s made up of carbon combi ned with one or more
hal ogens (e.g., fl uori ne, chlori ne, bromi ne, or iodi ne). Hal ogenated-agent
exti ngui sher An exti ngui sher that uses hal ogenated exti n gui shi ng agents.
Hal ogenated exti ngui shi ng agent A li quefi ed gas exti ngui shi ng agent that puts out
fires by i nterrupti ng the chemi cal chai n reaction. Hal on 1211
Bromochl orodi fl uoromethane (CBrCIF 2 ), a halogenated agent that i s effecti ve on
Cl ass A, B, and C fires.
Hal yard The rope or cabl e used to extend or hoi st the fl y secti on(s) of an exten si on
ladder.
H am m er A striking tool.
Handl e The gri p used for hol di ng and carryi ng a portabl e fi re exti ngui sher. Hand
light Small, portabl e li ght carri ed by bri gade members to i mprove vi si bil ity at
emergency scenes, often powered by rechargeable batteries.
Handli ne nozzl es Us ed on hoses rangi ng from 1 Va"to 21 /2 "hose li nes, usuall y fl ow
between 90 and 350 gall ons per mi nute.
Handsaw A manuall y powered saw desi gned to cut di fferent types of materi al s.
Examples incl ude hacksaws, carpenter's handsaws, keyhole saws, and coping saws.
Hard su cti on hose A hose desi gned to prevent coll apse under va cuu m condi tions
so that i t can be used for drafti ng water from bel ow the pump (l akes, ri vers, well s, or
sea water, etc.).
Hardware The parts of a door or wi ndow that enabl e i t to be l ocked or opened.
Harness A pi ece of equipment worn by a rescuer that can be attached to a life safety
rope.
Hazardou s materi al s Any materi al s or substance s that pose an unreasonabl e ri sk of
damage or i nj ury to persons, property, or the envi ronment if not properl y controll ed
during handli ng, storage, manufacture, processi ng, packagi ng, use and di sposal, or
transportati on.
Haz ardou s materi al s tech ni ci an "H az mat" techni ci ans ha ve trai ni ng and
certifi cati on i n chemi cal i denti fi cati on, l eakcontroi , decontami nation, and cl ean -up
procedures. Heat detector A fi re al arm devi ce that detects ei ther abnormall y hi gh
tempera-
 814 I N D U S T R I A L F I R E B R I G A D E :
tures or rate-of-rise in temperature, or both.
Heat sensor label A piece of heat-sensitiv e material on each section of a ladder
that identif ies when the ladder has been exposed to high heat conditions.
Heat wav e A build-up of heavy hy drocarbons that collect as crude oil burns.
Heavy timber constructi on ( Ty pe iv ) Build ings co nstructe d with no ncom-
bustible or limited-combustible exterior walls and interior walls and floors made of
large dimension combustible materials.
Higbee indicators An indicator on the male and f emale threaded couplings that
indicates where the threads start. These indicators should be aligned before
starting to thread the couplings together.
High-angle operations A rope rescue operation where the angle of the slope is
greater than 45°; rescuers depend on life safety rope rather than a fixed support
surface such as the ground.
Hitches Knots that attach to or wrap around an object.
Hollow-core A door made of panels that are honeycombed inside, creating an
inexpensive and lightweight design.
Horizontal -slidi ng wind o w Wind ows that slid e ope n hor izontally .
Horizontal v entilation The process of making openings so that smoke, heat, and
gases can escape horizontally from a building through openings such as doors
and windows.
Horn The tapered discharge nozzle of a carbon dioxide-type fire extinguisher.
Horseshoe hose load A method of loading hose where the hose is laid into the
bed along the three walls of the bed, resembling a horseshoe.
Hose appliance Any dev ice used to connect to a fire hose for the purpose of
delivering water.
Hose clamp A dev ice used to compress a f ire hose to stop water f low.
Hose jacket A dev ice used to stop a leak in a f ire hose or to join hoses that have
damaged couplings.
Hose liner (hose inner jacket) The inside portion of a hose that is in contact with
the flowing water.
Hose roller A dev ice that is placed on the edge of a roof and is used to protect hose
as it is hoisted up and ov er the roof edge. Hux bar A multipurpose tool that can be
used f or sev eral f orcible entry and ventilation applications because of its unique
design. Also can be used as a hydrant wrench.
HVAC system Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system in large buildings.
Hy drant wrench A hand tool used to operate the valv es on a hy drant; may also be
used as a spanner wrench. Some are plain wrenches, and others have a ratchet
feature.
Hy draulic shears A lightweight hand-operated tool that can produce up to
10,000 pounds of cutting force.
Hy draulic spreader A lightweight hand-operated tool that can produce up to
10,000 pounds of prying and spreading force.
Hy draulic v entilation Ventilation that relies upon the mov ement of air caused by a
fog stream.
Hy drogen cy anide Toxic gas produced by combustion of plastics and synthetics.
Hy droly zed Decomposition of a chemical compound by reaction with water.
Hy drostatic testing Periodic certif ication test perf ormed on pressure vessels,
including SCBA cylinders.
Hy pothermia A condition in which the internal body temperature f alls below 95°F,
usually a result of prolonged exposure to cold or f reezing temperatures. Hy poxia A
state of inadequate oxy genation of the blood and tissue. I-beam A ladder beam
constructed of one continuous piece of l-shaped metal or fiberglass to which the
rungs are attached. Ignition point The minimum temperature at which a substance
will burn. Ignition temperature The minimum temperature at which a f uel, when
heated, will spontaneously ignite and continue to burn.
Immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) Any condition that poses
an immediate or delayed threat to life, might cause irreversible adverse health
eff ects, or might interfere with an indiv idual's ability to escape unaided from a
hazardous environment.
P R I N C I P L E S A N D P R A C T I C E
Improv ised explosiv e dev ice (IED) An explosiv e or incendiary dev ice that is
fabricated in an improv ised manner.
IMS general staff The chiefs of each of the f our major sections of IMS:
Operations, Planning, Logistics, and Finance/Administration.
incendiary dev ice A dev ice or mechanism used to start a f ire or explosion.
Incendiary f ires Intentionally set f ires.
incident action plan (IAP ) Th e objectiv es f or the ov erall incident strategy,
tactics, risk management, and member safety that are developed by the IC. Incident
Action Plans are updated throughout the incident.
Incident commander (IC) The pe rson in charg e of the incident site who is
responsible for all decisions relating to the management of the incident.
Incident command sy stem (ICS) The f irst standard sy stem f or organizing
large, multi-jurisdictiona! and multi-agency incidents inv olving more than 25
resources or operating units; eventually dev eloped into the Incident Management
Sy stem (IMS).
Incident management sy stem (IMS) The combi nation of f acilities, equipment,
personnel, procedures, and communications under a standard organizational
structure to manage assigned resources effectively to accomplish stated objectives
for an incident. Also known as Incident Command System (ICS).
incipient The initial stage of a f ire.
incipient phase The phase of f ire dev elopment where the f ire is limited to the
immediate point of origin.
Incipient stage Ref ers to the sev erity of a fire where the progression is in the
early stage and has not developed beyond that which can be extinguished using
portable f ire extinguishers or small (up to 1 7 2") water handlines, flowing a
maximum of 125 gpm (473 L/min).
Incomplete combustion A burnin g process in which the f uel is not completely
consumed, usually due to a limited supply of oxy gen.
incubation period Time pe riod between the initial inf ection by an organism and
the development of symptoms.
Indicating b utterf ly v alv e (IBV) A sprinkle r control v alv e that is equipped with
a directional arrow to indicate the position of the v alv e and a gear operator to
prev ent the valv e from being closed in less than 5 seconds, prev enting a water
hammer.
indir ect applicati on of water Using a sol id ob ject such as a wal l or ceili ng to
break apart a stream of water, causing it to create more surface area on the water
droplets and thereby absorb more heat.
indirect attack Firef ighting operations inv olv ing the application of extinguishing
agents to reduce the buildup of heat released from a fire without applying the agent
directly onto the burning fuel.
industrial water system A water distribution sy stem that is designed to deliv er
water to either fire protection pumps or both process and fire systems.
Institutional memory A situation in which be hav iors, policies, and procedures
hav e been structured and f ormalized in an organization's culture and practices.
integrated communicatio ns The ab ility of all appropri ate person nel at the
emergency scene to communicate with their supervisor and their subordinates.
interior attack The assignment of a team of brigade members to enter a structure
and attempt fire suppression.
Interior f inish Any coating or v eneer applied as a f inish to a bulkhead, structural
insulation, or ov erhead, including the v isible f inish, all intermediate materials, and
all application materials and adhesiv es.
Interior wall (partition or nonbearing wall) A wall inside a building that
div ides a large space into smaller areas.
Inv erter A device that conv erts the direct current from an apparatus electrical
system into alternating current.
Ionization smoke detector A dev ice containing a small amount of radioactiv e
material that ionizes the air between two charged electrodes to sense the presence
of smoke particles.
irons A combination tool, normally the Halligan tool and the flat-head axe.
J tool A tool that is designed to fit between double doors equipped with panic
bars.
Jalousie window Windows made of small slats of tempered glass that ov erlap

each other when closed. Jalousie windows are held by a metal frame and operated
by a small hand wheel or crank f ound in the corner of the window.
jamb The part of a doorway that secures the door to the studs in a building.
Job position requirements brigade member An employee who is a member of
a f ire brigade because his or her job position requires them to be a f ire brigade
member.
Junction box A device that attaches to an electrical cord to prov ide additional
outlets.
K tool Used to remov e lock cy linders f rom structural doors so the locking mecha-
nism can be unlocked.
Kelly tool A steel bar with two main f eatures: a large pick and a large chisel or claw.
Kerf cut A cut that is only the width and depth of the saw blade. It is used to make
inspection holes.
Kernmantle rope Rope made of two parts—the kern (interior core) and the mantle
(the outside sheath).
Kev lar® Strong, synthetic material used in the construction of protectiv e clothing and
equipment.
Key hole saw A saw designed to cut key holes in wood. Knots A fastening made by
ty ing together lengths of rope or webbing in a prescribed way, used for a variety of
purposes.
Ladder belt A belt specif ically designed to secure a brigade member to a ladder or
elev ated surface.
Ladder gin An A-shaped structure formed with two ladder sections. It can be used
as a makeshift lift when raising a trapped person. One form of the device is called an
A-f rame hoist.
Ladder haly ards Rope used on extension ladders to raise and lower a fly section.
Ladder pipe Nozzle attached to the tip of an aerial ladder truck designed to provide
large v olumes of water from an elev ated position. Laminated glass Also known as
saf ety glass; the lamination process places a thin lay er of plastic between two
lay ers of glass, so that the glass does not shatter and fall apart when broken.
Laminated wood Pieces of wood that are glued together.
Larg e- diam eter h ose (LDH ) Hose i n the 4 "to 12 "r ang e.
Latch The part of the door lock that secures into the jamb.
Laths Thin strips of wood used to make the supporting structure f or roof tiles.
Leap-f rogging A f ire spread from one floor to the other through exterior windows
(auto-exposure).
Lewisite Blister-f orming agent that is an oily, colorless-to-dark brown liquid with
an odor of geraniums.
Liaison off icer The position within IMS that establishes a point of contact with
outside agency representatives.
Lif eline A rope secured to a brigade member that enables him or her to retrace his or
her steps out of a structure.
Lif e safety rope Rope used solely f or the purpose of supporting people during
firef ighting, rescue, other emergency operations, or during training exercises.
Light-emitting dio de (LED) An electron ic semiconductor that emits a single-color
light when activ ated.
Light hazard locations Occupancies where the total amount of combustible
materials is less than expected in an ordinary hazard location. Lightweight
construction The use of small dimension members such as 2 'x 4' or 2 ' x 6'wood
assemblies as structural supports in buildings. Line detector Wire or tubing that can
be strung along the ceiling of large open areas to detect an increase in heat.
Liquid One of the three phases of matter. A nongaseous substance that is composed
of molecules that mov e and f low freely and assumes the shape of the container that
holds it. Litigious Prone to engage in lawsuits. Liv e load The weight of the building
contents.
Load-bearing wall A wall that supports structural members or upper floors of a
building.
Gl oss ary
815
Loaded-stream extinguisher A water-based f ire extinguisher that uses an alkali
metal salt as a freezing point depressant.
Lob A method of discharging extinguishing agent in an arc to av oid splashing or
spreading the burning fuel.
Local alarm system A f ire alarm system that sounds an alarm only in the building
where it was activ ated. No signal is sent out of the building. Lock body The part of a
padlock that holds the main locking mechanisms and secures the shackles.
Locking mechanism A device that locks an extinguisher's trigger to prev ent
accidental discharge.
Lockout and tagout systems Lockout and tagout are methods of ensuring that
electricity and other utilities have been shut down and switches are "locked" so that
they cannot be switched on, in order to prevent flow of power or gases into the area
where rescue is being conducted.
Logistics section The section within IMS responsible f or prov iding f acilities,
serv ices, and materials f or the incident.
Logistics section chief The general staff position responsible f or directing the
logistics f unction; generally assigned on complex, resource-intensive, or
long-duration incidents.
Loop A piece of rope f ormed into a circle. Louv er cut A cut that is made using
power saws and axes to cut along and between roof supports so that the sections
created can be tilted into the opening. Low v olume nozzles Nozzl es that f low 40
gpm or less. Low-angle operations A rope rescue operation on a mildly sloping
surf ace (less than 45°) or f lat land where brigade members are dependent on the
ground f or their primary support, and the rope system is a secondary means of
support. Lower explosiv e limit (LED The min imum amou nt of f uel v apor mixed
in air that will ignite or explode.
Malicious f alse alarm A f ire alarm signal when there is no f ire, usually initiated by
individuals who wish to cause a disturbance. Mallet A short-handled hammer.
Manual pull-station A dev ice with a switch that either opens or closes a circuit,
activating the fire alarm.
Man uf actured trailer structures A f actory -assembled structure or structures
transportable in one or more sections that is built on a permanent chassis and
designed to be used as a dwelling without a permanent foundation when connected
to the required utilities, including the plumbing, heating, air-conditioning, and electric
systems contained therein.
Ma rk l Nerv e Age nt Anti dote K it A milita ry kit containin g anti dotes th at can
be administered to victims of a nerv e agent attack.
Masonry Built-up unit of construction or combination of materials such as brick,
clay tiles, or stone set in mortar.
Mass arson Inv olv es an offender who sets three or more f ires at the same site or
location during a limited period of time.
Mass decontamination Special procedures f or incidents that inv olv e large
numbers of people. Master stream dev ices from engine companies and aerial
apparatus provide high-v olume, low-pressure showers so that large numbers of
people can be decontaminated rapidly.
Master-coded alarm An alarm sy stem in which audible notif ication dev ices can
be used for multiple purposes, not just f or the fire alarm.
Master stream dev ice A large capacity nozzle that can be supplied by two or
more hose lines or fixed piping. Can flow in excess of 300 gpm. Includes deck
guns, portable ground monitors, ladder pipes and other elevated devices.
Materi al Saf ety Data sheet (MSDS) A f orm, prov ided by manuf acturers and
compounders (blenders) of chemicals, containing information about chemical
composition, physical and chemical properties, health and safety hazards, emergency
response, and waste disposal of the material. Maul A specialized striking tool,
weighing six pounds or more, with an axe head on one side and a sledgehammer
head on the other side. Mechanical energy Heat energy created by f riction.
Mechanical saw Usually powered by electric motors or gasoline engines. The three
primary types are chain saws, rotary saws, and reciprocating saws.
 816 I N D U S T R I A L F I R E B R I G A D E :
Mechanical v entilation Ventilation that uses mechanical dev ices to mov e air.
Med ium diameter hose (MDH) Hose Of 2 '/ 2" or 3 " Size. Mildew A condition that
can occur on hose if it is stored wet. Mildew can damage the jacket of a hose.
Miscible Readily mixes with water.
Mob ile data terminals ( MDTs) Techn ology that allows brigad e members to
receiv e information in the apparatus or at the station. Mobile radio Two- way radio
that is permanently mounted in a f ire apparatus. Mortise lock Door locks with both
a latch and a bolt built into the same mechanism; the two locking devices operate
independently of each other. This is a common lock f ound in places such as hotel
rooms. Multipur pose d ry chemical extinguishe rs Extingu ishers rate d to f ight
Class A, B, and C fires.
Multipurpose hook A long pole with a wooden or f iberglass handle and a metal
hook on one end used f or pulling.
Mushrooming The process that occurs when rising smoke, heat, and gases
encounter a horizontal barrier such as a ceiling and begin to mov e out and back
down.
Nation al Fire Incid ent Repo rting Sy stem (NFIRS) A nation wid e data base held
at the National Fire Data Center under the U.S. Fire Administration that collects
fire-related data so as to provide inf ormation on the national fire problem.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) A U.S.
Federal agency responsible for research and development of occupational safety
and health issues.
Natural v entilation Ventilation that relies upon the natural mov ement of heated
smoke and wind currents.
Negativ e-pressure v entilation Ventilation that relies upon electric f ans to pull or
draw the air from a structure or area.
Nerv e agents Toxic substances that attack the central nervous system in humans.
Nomex* A f ire-resistant synthetic material used in the construction of personal
protective equipment f or f ire f ighting.
Nonb ea rin g wa ll ( part itio n o r int eri or wa ll) A wal l that do es not su pp ort a
ceiling or structural member, but simply divides a space.
Non-coded alarm An alarm system that prov ides no inf ormation at the alarm
control panel indicating where the activ ated alarm is located.
Noncombustible construction (Ty pe II) Buildings where the structural members
are of noncombustible materials without fire resistance. Normal operating pressure
The observ ed static pressure in a water distribution system during a period of
normal demand.
Nose cups An insert inside the face piece of an SCBA that fits over the user's
mouth and nose.
Nozzle The discharge orifice of a portable f ire extinguisher; attachment to the
discharge end of an attack hose to giv e fire stream shape and direction.
Nozzle shut off Device that enables the person at the nozzle to start or stop the
flow of water.
Nuisance alarm A f ire alarm signal caused by malfunction or improper operation
of a fire alarm system or component.
Obscuration rate A measure of the percentage of light transmission that is
blocked between a sender and a receiv er unit.
Occupancy The purpose f or which a building or other structure, or part thereof, is
used or intended to be used.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) The federal agency
that regulates worker saf ety and, in some cases, responder safety. OSHA is part of
the U.S. Department of Labor.
Offensive attack An adv ance into the fire building by brigade members with hose
lines or other extinguishing agents to ov erpower the f ire.
Oleophob ic Oil hating; hav ing the ability to shed hy drocarbon liquids.
One-person rope A rope rated to carry the weight of a single person (300 lbs).
Open-circuit bre adii ng app aratus SCBA in which the exhale d air is released
into the atmosphere and is not reused.
Open-end wrench A hand tool used to tighten or loosen bolts. The end is open,
P R I N C I P L E S A N D P R A C T I C E
as opposed to a box-end wrench. Each wrench is a specif ic size. Operating lev er
The handle of a door that turns the latch to open it. Operations section The
section within IMS responsible f or all tactical operations at the incident.
Operations section chief The general staff position responsible f or managing all
operations activ ities; usually assigned when complex incidents inv olve more than 20
single resources or when the IC cannot be inv olv ed in the details of tactical
operations.
Ordina ry construction (Ty pe III) Buildings wh ere the exterior walls are non-
combustible or limited-combustible, but the interior floors and walls are made of
combustible materials.
Ordinary hazard locations Occupancies that contain more Class A and Class B
materials than are found in light hazard locations.
Outside stem and y oke (OS&Y ) v alv e A sprinkler control v alv e with a v alv e
stem that moves in and out as the valv e is opened or closed.
Ov erhaul Examination of all areas of the building and contents inv olv ed in a fire
to ensure that the fire is completely extinguished.
Oxidation A chemical reaction initiated by combining an element with oxygen,
resulting in the f orm of the element or one of its compounds.
Oxidizing agent A substance that will release oxy gen or act in the same manner
as oxy gen in a chemical reaction.
Oxy gen deficiency Any atmosphere where the oxy gen lev el is below 19.5%. Low
oxy gen levels can have serious effects on people, including adverse reactions such
as poor judgment and lack of muscle control.
Oxy genated To treat, combine, or inf use with oxy gen.
Packaging Preparing the victim f or movement, often accomplished with a long
spine board or similar device.
Padlock The most common lock on the market today , built to provide regular-duty
or heavy-duty serv ice. Several ty pes of locking mechanism are available, including a
key way, combination wheels, or combination dials. Parallel chord truss A truss in
which the top and bottom chords are parallel. Parapet walls Walls on a f lat roof
that extend abov e the roof line.
Partiti on (i nter ior wa ll or non be ari ng wal l) A wa ll that d oes not su pp ort a
ceiling or structural member, but simply divides a space.
Part-time f ire brigade member A f ire brigade member who h olds anothe r job
and participates in the fire brigade on a part-time basis.
Party walls Walls constructed on the line between two properties.
P-A-S-S Acrony m used f or operating a portable f ire extinguisher: Pull pin, Aim
nozzle, Squeeze trigger, Sweep the nozzle across burning fuel.
Passing command Option that can be used by the first -arriv ing brigade leader to
direct the next arriving unit to assume command.
PBI* A f ire-retardant sy nthetic material used in the construction of personal
protectiv e equipment.
Pendant sprinkler head A sprinkler head designed to be mounted on the
underside of sprinkler piping so the water stream is directed down.
Permit requir ed conf ined space (PRCS) Space that is identif ied at ev ery facility
and requires special approv al procedures f or entry. Has the potential for hazardous
atmospheres, entrapment or entanglement, or other recognized hazards. Personal
alert saf ety system (PASS) Dev ice worn by a brigade member that sounds an
alarm if the brigade member is motionless f or a period of time.
Personal dosimeters Devices that measure the amount of radioactiv e exposure to
an indiv idual.
Personal escape rope An emergency use rope designed to carry the weight of only
one person and to be used only once.
Personal pr otectiv e equipment (PPE) Gea r wo rn by brigade members that
includes helmet, gloves, hood, coat, pants, SCBA, and boots. The personal protectiv e
equipment provides a thermal barrier for brigade members against intense heat.
Person nel Acco untab ility Report (PAR) A rol l Call re port conf irming that all
members of a company are present.
Personnel accountability system A method of tracking the identity , assignment,
 818 I N D U S T R I A L F I R E B R I G A D E :
energy traveli ng by el ectromagneti c wave propagati on between a regi on of hi gher
temperature and a regi on of l ower temperature. Radi o repeater s ystem A radi o
sy stem that automati call y retrans mits a radi o si gnal on a different frequency.
Radi ol ogi cal agents Materi al s that emi t radi oacti vity. Rafters Joi sts that are
mounted i n an i ncli ned posi ti on to support a roof. Rail The top or bottom pi ece of a
trussed-beam asse mbl y used i n the construction of a trussed l adder. The term rail i s
al so someti mes used to descri be the top and bottom surfaces of an I -beam l adder.
Each beam will have two rail s. Rai n down Foam appli cati on method to appl y a
rai sed foam stream to all ow the foam to gentl y fall onto the fuel surface.
Rapi d i nter ve nti on c o mpa ny/ cr e w ( RIC ) A mi ni m um of two ful l y e qui ppe d
personnel on si te, i n a ready state, for i mmediate rescue of i nj ured or trapped bri gade
members. In some organi zations, thi s i s al so known as Rapi d Interventi on Team.
Rapi d oxi dati on Chemi cal proce ss th at occur s when a fuel i s combi ned wi th
oxygen, resulti ng i n the formati on of ash or other waste products and the rel ease of
energy as heat and li ght.
Rate-of-ri se heat detector A devi ce that responds when the temperature ri ses at a
rate that exceeds a predetermi ned val ue.
Reci procati ng saw Powered by el ectri c or battery motors, a reci procati ng saw's
bl ade moves back and forth.
Reconnai ssan ce report The i nspecti on and expl orati on of a specifi c area i n order to
gather i nformati on for the inci dent commander. Reducer A devi ce that can j oi n two
hoses of different si zes. Rehabilitate To restore to a condi ti on of heal th or to a state
of useful and con structi ve acti vi ty.
Rehabilitati on A systemati c process to provi de peri ods of rest and recover y for
emergency workers duri ng an i nci dent; usuall y conducted in a desi gnated area away
from the hazardous area.
Reki ndl e A situation where a fi re, whi ch was thought to be compl etel y extin gui shed,
rei gni tes.
Remote annunci ato r A secondar y fi re al arm control panel i n a different l ocati on than
the mai n al arm panel, usuall y near the front door of a buil di ng. Remote stati on
sy stem A fi re al arm system that sounds an al arm i n the buil di ng and transmits a
si gnal to the fi re bri gade o r an off-premi se moni tori ng l ocati on. Rescue Those
acti viti es di rected at locati ng endangered persons at an emergency inci dent, removi ng
those persons from danger, treati ng the i nj ured, and provi di ng for transport to an
appropriate heal th care facility. Reser voi r A water storage facili ty.
Resi dual pressure The pressure remai ni ng i n a water di stri buti on system whil e
water i s fl owi ng. The resi dual pressure indi cates how much more water i s poten -
tiall y avail abl e.
Resource management A standard sy stem of assi gni ng and keepi ng track of the
resources i nvol ved i n the i nci dent.
Respi rator A protecti ve devi ce used to provide safe breathi ng ai r to a user i n a
hostile or dangerous atmosphere.
Response Acti vi ti es that occur in preparation for an emergency and conti nue until
the arri val of emergency apparatus at the scene.
Retard chamber A val ve acce ssory that i s used to prevent a spri nkl er fl ow al arm
caused by system water pressure surges.
Reverse l ay A method of l ayi ng a suppl y li ne where the li ne starts at the fi re and
ends at the water source.
Ri m l ock Surface or i nteri or mounted l ocks on or i n a door wi th a bolt that
provi de addi ti onal security.
Ri sk-benefi t anal ysi s The proces s of wei ghi ng predi cte d ri sk s agai nst potenti al
benefi ts and making deci si ons based on the outcome of that anal ysi s. Roc ker l ug
(pi n l ug) Fi tti ngs on threaded co upli ngs that ai d i n coupli ng the hoses.
Roll on Method of appl yi ng foam at the front edge of the fuel and all owi ng th e foam to
flow across the fuel surface. Roll over (fl ameo ver) The co nditi on where unburned
products of combu sti on
P R I N C I P L E S AND P R A C T I C E
from a fire have accumulated i n the ceiling layer of gas to a suffi ci ent concentra ti on
(i .e., at or above the l ower fl ammabl e li mit) that they i gnite momentari l y. Roof
coveri ng The materi al or asse mbl y that makes up the weather-resi stant surface of a
roof.
Roof decki ng The ri gi d com ponent of a roof co veri ng. Roof hooks The
spri ng-l oaded, retractabl e, curved metal pi eces that allow the ti p of a roof l adder to be
secured to the peak of a pitched roof. The hooks fol d outward from each beam at the
top of a roof l adder.
Roof l adder (hoo k l adder) A strai ght l adder equi pped wi t h retractabl e hook s s o that
the l adder can be secured to the peak of a pi tched roof. On ce secured, the l adder li es
flat agai nst the surface of the roof, provi di ng secure footi ng. Roofman' s hook A l ong
pol e with a soli d metal hook used for pulli ng. Rope bag A bag used to protect and
store rope so that the rope can be easil y and rapi dl y depl oyed without ki nki ng.
Rope record A record for each pi ece of rope that i ncl udes a hi story of when the rope
was pl aced i n servi ce, when it was i nspected, when and how it wa s used, and what
types of loads were pl aced on it.
Rotary saw Powered by el ectri c motors or gasoli ne engi nes, a rotary saw uses a
large rotati ng bl ade to cut through materi al. The bl ades can be changed dependi ng
upon the materi al that i s bei ng cut.
Round turn A pi ece of rope l ooped to form a compl ete ci rcl e wi th the two ends
parall el.
Rubbe r- co vered h ose ( rubbe r-j ac ket hos e) Ho se who se out si de co veri ng i s
made of rubber, sai d to be more resi stant to damage. Run cards Cards used to
determi ne a predesi gnated response to an emergency. Rung A l adder crosspi ece that
provi des a cli mbi ng step for the user. The rung transfers the wei ght of the user out to
the beams of the l adder or back to a center beam on an I-beam ladder.
Runni ng end The part of a rope used for li fti ng or hoi sti ng. Safe
haven A temporary pl ace of refuge to await rescue.
Safety knot (overhand knot or keep knot) A knot used to Secure the leftover
worki ng end of the rope.
Safety offi cer The posi ti on wi thi n IMS respo nsi bl e for i denti fyi ng and eval uati ng
hazardous or unsafe conditi ons at the scene of the i nci dent. Safety offi cers have
the authority to stop any acti vi ty deemed unsafe.
Sal vage Remo vi ng or protecti ng property that coul d be damaged duri ng fi refi ght -
ing or overhaul operati ons.
Sal vage cover Large square or rectangul ar sheets made of heavy canvas or pl asti c
materi al spread over furniture and other i tems to protect them from water run -off
and falli ng debri s.
San Franci sco hoo k A multi purpose tool that can be used for seve ral forci bl e
entry and ventil ati on appli cati ons becau se of i ts uni que desi gn, whi ch i ncl udes a
buil t-i n gas shut-off and di recti onal sl ot.
Saponi ftcati on The proces s of converti ng the fatty aci ds i n cooki ng oil s or fats to
soap or foam.
Sari n A nerve agent that i s pri m aril y a vapor hazard.
SCBA harness The straps and fasteners used to attach the SCBA to the brigade
member.
SCBA regul ators Part of the SCBA that reduces the hi gh pressure i n the cyli nder to a
usabl e l ower pressure and control s the fl ow of ai r to the user. Scre wdri ver A tool
used for turni ng scre ws. Scupper An openi ng through whi ch water can be removed
from a buil di ng. Search The proces s of l ooki ng for vi cti ms who are i n danger. Search
and rescue The process of searchi ng a buil di ng for a vi cti m and extri cat ing the vi cti m
from the buil di ng.
Search rope A gui de rope used by bri gade members that all ows them to mai ntai n
contact wi th a fi xed poi nt. Seat of di e fi re The mai n area of the fi re ori gi n. Seatbelt
cutter A speci ali zed cutti ng devi ce that cuts through se atbel ts. Secondary coll apse A
coll apse that occu rs fol l owi ng the pri mary coll apse. Thi s can occur i n trench,
excavation, and structural coll apses.

Secondary cut An additional v entilation opening to create a larger opening, or to
limit f ire spread.
Secondary dev ice An explosive dev ice designed to injure emergency responders
who hav e responded to an initial event.
Secondary f eeder Smaller diameter pipes that connect the primary f eeders to the
distributors.
Secondary loss Property damage that occurs due to smoke, water, or other
measures taken to extinguish the fire.
Secondary search A more thorough search undertaken after the fire is under
control. This search is done to ensure that there are no victims still trapped inside
the building.
Self -contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) Respirator with indepen dent air
supply used by brigade members to enter toxic and otherwise dangerous atmos -
pheres.
Self -containe d und er water b reath ing a ppar atus (SCUBA ) Respir ator with
independent air supply used by underwater divers. Self -expelling A fire
extinguisher in which the agents hav e suff icient v apor pressure at normal
operating temperatures to expel themselves. Self -rescue The activ ity of a brigade
member using techniques and tools to remov e himself or herself from a hazardous
situation. Serial arson A series of fires set by the same offender, with a cooling-off
period between fires.
Shackles The U-shaped part of a padlock that runs through a hasp and secures
back into the lock body.
Shock load An instantaneous load that places a rope under extreme tension, such
as when a f alling load is suddenly stopped when the rope becomes taut. Shoring A
method of supporting a trench wall or building components such as walls, f loors,
or ceilings using either hy draulic, pneumatic, or wood shoring systems; it is used
to prevent collapse.
Shut-off valve Any v alv e that can be used to shut down water flow to a water user or
system.
Siamese A device that allows two hoses to be connected together and flow into a
single hose.
Sidewall sprinkler head A sprinkler that is mounted on a wall and discharges
water horizontally into a room.
Simplex channel Radio system that uses one f requency to transmit and receiv e
all messages.
Single resource An indiv idual v ehicle and the personnel that arriv e on that unit.
Single-action pull-station A manual f ire alarm activ ation dev ice that takes a
single step, such as moving a lever, toggle, or handle, to activate the alarm.
Size-up The ongoing observ ation and ev aluation of factors that are used to
dev elop objectiv es, strategy, and tactics f or fire suppression.
Sledgehammer A long, heavy hammer that requires the use of both hands.
Slopov er Burps of crude oil caused by steam explosions when the heat wav e
contacts small areas of water in the fuel column below the surf ace.
Small diameter hose (SDH) Hose in the 1 "to 2" range.
Smallpox A highly infectious disease caused by the v irus v ariola.
Smoke An airborne particulate product of incomplete combustion suspended in
gases, v apors, or solid and liquid aerosols.
Smoke detector A device that detects smoke and sends a signal to a fire alarm
control panel.
Smoke inv ersion Smoke hanging low to the ground due to the cold air.
Smoke particles Airborne solid material consisting of ash and unburned or
partially burned fuel released by a fire.
Smooth bore nozzle Nozzl es that produce a solid stream of water.
Smooth bore tip A nozzle dev ice that is a smooth tube, used to deliv er a solid
stream of water.
Socket wrench A wrench that fits over a nut or bolt and uses the ratchet action of
an attached handle to tighten or loosen the nut or bolt.
Soft suction hose A large diameter hose that is designed to be connected to the
large port on a hydrant (steamer connection) and into the engine.
Gl os sa ry 819
Solid One of the three phases of matter. A substance that has three dimensions
and is firm in substance.
Solid beam A ladder beam constructed of a solid rectangular piece of material,
ty pically wood, to which the ladder rungs are attached. Solid-core A door design that
consists of wood f ille r pieces inside the door. This creates a stronger door that may
be f ire-rated.
Solid stream A stream made by using a smooth bore nozzle to produce a pene-
trating stream of water.
Soman A nerv e gas that is both a contact and a vapor hazard that has the odor of
camphor.
Sounding The process of striking a roof with a tool to determine if the roof is solid
enough to support the weight of a brigade member. Spalling Chipping or pitting of
concrete or masonry surfaces. Spanner wrench A ty pe of tool used in coupling or
uncoupling hoses by turning the rocker lugs on the connections.
Span of control The number of people that a single person superv ises. The
maximum number of people that one person can effectively superv ise is about fiv e.
Split hose bed A hose bed that is div ided into two or more sections. Split hose lay
A scenario where the attack engine will lay a supply line f rom a point away from
the fire, and the supply engine will lay a supply line f rom the hose left by the attack
engine to the water source.
Spoil pile The pile of dirt that has been removed from an excavation, which may
be unstable and prone to collapse.
Spot detector Single heat-detector devices, spaced throughout an area. Spotlight
A light designed to project a narrow, concentrated beam of light. Spree arson A
series of fires started by an arsonist who sets three or more fires at separate
locations with no emotional cooling-off period between f ires. Spring-loade d center
punch A spring-loaded pu nch used to break automobile glass.
Sprinkler piping The network of piping in a sprinkler system that deliv ers water to
the sprinkler heads.
Sprinkler stop A mechanical dev ice inserted between the deflector and the orifice of
a sprinkler head to stop the f low of water. Sprinkler system An automatic fire
protection sy stem designed to turn on sprinklers if a fire occurs.
Sprinkler wedge A piece of wedge-shaped wood placed between the deflector and
the orifice of a sprinkler head to stop the flow of water. Squelch An electric circuit
designed to cut off weak radio transmissions that are only capable of generating
noise.
Staging area A prearranged, strategically placed area where support personnel,
vehicles, and other equipment can be held in an organized state of readiness f or
use during an emergency.
Standard o peratin g proced ures (SOPs) Written rul es, policies, regulations, and
procedures enforced to structure the normal operations of most fire brigades.
Standing part The part of a rope between the working end and the running end.
Standpipe system A system of pipes and hose outlet v alves used to deliver water to
v arious parts of a building f or f ighting f ires. Static pressure The pressure in a water
pipe when there is no water flowing. Static rope A rope generally made out of
sy nthetic material that stretches v ery little under load.
Static water supply A water source that is not under pressure, such as a pond,
lake, or stream.
Stay pole (tormentor) A long piece of metal attached to the top of the bed section
of an extension ladder and used to help stabilize the ladder during raising and
lowering. The pole attaches to a swivel point and has a spur on the other end. One
pole is attached to each beam of long (40' o r longer) extension ladders. Steamer port
The large diameter port on a hy drant. Stop A piece of material that prevents the fly
section(s) of a ladder from ov erex-tending and collapsing the ladder.
Stored-pressure extinguisher A f ire extinguisher in which both the extinguish-
ing agent and the expellant gas are kept in a single container; generally equipped
 I N D U S T R I A L F I R E B R I G A D E : P R I N C I P L E S
wi th a pressure i ndi cator or gauge.
Sto red -pressu re wa t er- ty pe ex ting uishe r A f i r e ex tin g uish er in whi ch wat er o r
a water-based extingui shi ng agent i s stored under pressure. Storz-type coupling A
hose coupli ng that has the property of being both the mal e and femal e coupli ng. It i s
connected by engagi ng the lugs and turni ng the coupli ng one-thi rd of a turn.
Straight stream A stream made by usi ng an adj ustabl e nozzl e that i s set to
provide a strai ght stream of water.
Strike team Five units of the same resource category, such as engi nes or ambu -
lances, with a l eader.
Strike team leader The person in charge of a stri ke team, responsi ble to the next
hi gher l evel i n the i nci dent organi zati on, and the poi nt -of-contact for the stri ke team
wi thin the organi zati on.
Striking tool Tool s desi gned to stri ke other tool s or objects such as wall s, doors, or
floors.
Suitcase nuke A nuclear expl osi ve devi ce that i s small enough to fit in a sui tcase.
Sulf ur musta rd A cl ear, yell ow, or amber oil y li qui d with a fai nt sweet o dor of
mustard or garli c that may be di spersed i n an aerosol form. It causes bli steri ng of
exposed ski n.
Supplied-a ir res pirator (SA R) A respi rator that gets i ts ai r through a hose from a
remote source, such as a compressor or compressed ai r cyli nder. S upply hose
(supply line) The hose used to deli ver water from a source to a fi re pump.
Surface tension The attracti ve force exerted upon the surface mol ecul es of a li qui d by
the mol ecul es beneath.
Surface to mass ratio ( S T M R ) The surface area of a materi al i n proporti on to the
mass of that materi al .
Surface t o volume ratio The surface area of a l iqui d i n proporti on to the mass.
Tabun A nerve gas that i s both a contact and a vapor hazard that operates by
di sabli ng the chemi cal connecti on between nerve and target organs. Ta lk a round
channe l A si mpl ex channel used for on -si te com muni cati ons. Tamper seal A
retaini ng devi ce that breaks when the l ocki ng mechani sm i s released. Ta mper s witc h A
swi tch on a spri nkl er val ve that transmits a si gnal to the fi re al arm control panel if the
normal positi on of the val ve i s changed. Ta rget haza rd Any occupanc y type or
facility that presents a hi gh potenti al for l oss of li fe or seri ous i mpact to the comp an y
resulti ng from fi re, expl osi on, or chemi cal rel ease.
Task force Any combi nati on of si ngl e resources assembl ed for a parti cul ar tacti cal
need; has common communi cati ons and a l eader. Task force leader The person i n
charge of a task force, responsi bl e to the next higher l evel i n the i nci dent organi zati on,
and the poi nt-of-contact for the task force wi thi n the organi zati on.
Technica l rescue incident ( T RI ) A compl ex rescue i nci dent i nvol vi ng vehi cl es or
machi nery, water or i ce, rope techniques, a trench or excavati on coll apse, confi ned
spaces, a structural coll apse, an SAR, or hazardous materi al s, and whi ch requires
speci all y trai ned personnel and speci al equi pment. Technical resc ue tea m A group
of rescuers speci all y trai ned i n the various di sci pli nes of techni cal rescue.
Technical rescue technicia n A "tech rescue" techni cian i s trai ned i n speci al
rescue techni ques for i nci dents i nvol vi ng structural coll apse, trench rescue,
vehi cl e/machi nery rescue, confi ned -space rescue, hi gh -angle rescue, and other
unusual si tuati ons.
Telec ommunicator A trai ned i ndi vi dual responsi bl e for answeri ng requests for
emergency and nonemergency assi stance from ci ti zens. Thi s i ndi vi dual assesses
the need for response and al erts responders to the i nci dent.
Tele phone interrogation Phase i n a 9-1-1 call when a tel ecom muni cator ask s
questi ons to obtai n vital i nformati on such as the l ocati on of the emergency.
Tempe red glass A type of safety gl ass that i s heat-treated so that it will break into
small pi eces that are not as dangerous.
Temporal-3 pattern A standard fi re al arm audi bl e si gnal for al erti ng occupants of
a buil di ng.
Ten-codes System of predetermi ned, coded messages, such as " What i s your 10 -
A N D P R A C T I C E
20?" used by responders over the radi o.
Tende r shuttle A method of transporti ng water from a source to a fire scene using a
number of mobil e water suppl y apparatus. Thermal c olumn A cyli ndri cal area above
a fi re i n whi ch heated ai r and gases ri se and travel upward.
The rma l conductiv ity Des cri bes how qui ckl y a materi al will conduct heat.
Thermal imaging devices El ectroni c devi ces that detect di fferences in tempera ture
based on i nfrared energy and then generate i mages based on that data. Commonl y
used i n obscured envi ronments to l ocate vi cti ms and hot spots. The rma l layering
The strati fi cation, or heat l ayers, that occur i n a room as a resul t of a fire.
The rma l protect ive c lot hing Protecti ve cl othi ng such as hel mets, footwear,
gl oves, hoods, trousers, and coats that are desi gned and manufactured to protect the
fire bri gade member from the adverse effects of fi re. Thermoplastic material Pl asti c
materi al capabl e of bei ng repeatedl y softened by heati ng and hardened by cooling
and, that i n the softened state, can be repeatedl y shaped by moldi ng or formi ng.
Thermoset material Pl asti c materi al that, after havi ng been cured by heat or other
means, i s substantiall y i nfusi bl e and cannot be softened and formed. Threade d hose
couphngs A type of coupli ng that requi res a mal e and femal e fi tti ng to be screwed
together.
Tie rod A metal rod that runs from one beam of the l adder to the other to keep the
beams from separati ng. Ti e rods are typi call y found i n wood l adders. Time ma rks
Status updates provi ded to the communi cati ons center every 10 to 20 mi nutes. Thi s
update shoul d i ncl ud e the type of operati on, the progress of the i nci dent, the
anti ci pated acti ons, and the need for additi onal resources. Tip The very top of the
ladder.
Trace (tra nsfer) evi dence Evi dence of a mi nute quanti ty that i s conveyed from
one pl ace to another.
Traile rs Combusti bl e material , such as rolled rags, bl ankets, and newspapers or
flammabl e li qui d, used to spread fi re from one poi nt or area to other poi nts or areas,
often used i n conj uncti on wi th an i ncendi ary devi ce. Training offi cer Responsi bl e for
updati ng the trai ni ng of current bri gade mem bers and for trai ni ng new members.
Transfe r of c omma nd Reassi gnment of command authority and responsi bility
from one i ndi vi dual to another.
Trench A narrow excavati on (i n rel ation to its l ength) made bel ow the surface of the
ground. In general, the depth i s greater than the wi dth.
Trenc h cut A cut that i s made from beari ng wall to beari ng wall to prevent hori -
zontal fi re spread i n a buil ding.
Triage The process of sorting vi cti ms based on the severi ty of i nj ury and medi cal
needs to establi sh treatment and transportati on pri oriti es. Triangula r c ut A
tri angl e-shaped ventil ati on cut i n the roof decki ng that i s made usi ng saws or axes.
Tri gger The button or lever used to di scharge the agent from a portable fi re
exti ngui sher.
Triple layer loa d A hose l oadi ng method that utili zes fol di ng the hose back onto
itsel f to reduce the overall l ength to one -thi rd before l oading in the bed. Thi s load
method reduces deployment di stances.
Trunk ing system A radi o system that uses a shared b ank of frequenci es to make the
most effi ci ent use of radi o resources.
Truss A coll ecti on of li ghtwei ght structural components j oi ned i n a tri angul ar
confi gurati on that can be used to support either fl oors or roofs. Truss block A pi ece
of wood or metal that ti es the two rail s of a trussed beam l adder together and serves
as the attachment poi nt for the rungs. Trussed bea m A l adder beam constructed of
top and bottom rail s j oi ned by truss bl ocks that ti e the rail s together and support the
rungs. Turnout coat (b unke r coat) Protecti ve coat that i s part of a protecti ve
cl othi ng ensembl e for structural fi refi ghti ng.
Turnout pa nts ( bunke r pants) Protecti ve trousers that are part of a protecti ve
cl othi ng ensembl e for structural fi refi ghti ng. Twi sted rope Rope constructed of fi bers
twi sted i nto strands, whi ch are then

twisted together.
Two-in/two-out rule A saf ety procedure that requires a minimum of two personnel
to enter a hazardous area and a minimum of two back-up personnel to remain
outside the hazardous area during the initial stages of an incident. Two-person
rope A rope rated to carry the weight of two people (600 lbs). Two-way radio A
portable communication device. Every firefighting team should carry at least one
radio to communicate distress, progress, changes in fire conditions, and other
pertinent information.
Type I construction (f ire resistive) Buildings with structural members made of
noncombustible materials that have a specified f ire resistance. Type II
construction (noncombustible) Build ings with structural members made of
noncombustible materials without fire resistance. Type III construction
(ordinary construction) Buildings With the exterior walls made of
noncombustible or limited-combustible materials, but interior floors and walls made
of combustible materials.
Type IV construction (heavy timber) Buildings constructed with noncom-
bustible or limited-combustible exterior walls, and interior walls and f loors made of
large dimension combustible materials.
Type V construction (wood frame) Buildings with exterior walls, interior walls,
floors, and roof structures made of wood.
Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) The U.S. organization that tests and
certifies that f ire extinguishers (among many other products) meet established
standards.
Undetermined Cause classif ication that includes fires for which the cause has not
or cannot be proven.
Unified command IMS option that allows representativ es from multiple jurisdic-
tions and/or agencies to share command authority and responsibility, working
together as a "joint" incident command team.
Unity of command A characteristic of the IMS structure that has each individual
reporting to a single supervisor and every one reporting to the IC directly or through
the chain of command.
Univ ersal precautions Procedures f or inf ection control that treat blood and
certain bodily fluids as capable of transmitting bloodborne diseases. Unlocking
device A key way , combination wheel, or combination dial. Unwanted alarm A fire
alarm signal caused by a device reacting properly to a condition that is not a true fire
emergency.
Upper explosive limit (UEL) The maximum amount of fuel v apor mixed in air
that will ignite or explode.
Upright sprinkler head A sprinkler head designed to be installed on top of the
supply piping and usually marked SSU (Standard Spray Upright). Utility rope Rope
used f or securing objects, f or hoisting equipment, or f or securing a scene to
prev ent bystanders from being injured. It is nev er to be used in lif e safety operations.
v-agent A nerv e agent, principally a contact hazard; an oily liquid that can persist for
several weeks.
Vapor density The weight of an airborne concentration (v apor or gas) as compared
to an equal v olume of dry air. Vapor pressure The pressure exerted by a v apor.
Ventilation The process of removing smoke, heat, and toxic gases f rom a burning
structure and replacing them with clean air.
Venturi A tube with a constricted throat that causes an increase in the velocity of
water, creating a low-pressure area.
Verif ication system A f ire alarm system that does not immediately initiate an alarm
condition when a smoke detector activates. The system will wait a preset interval,
generally 30 to 60 seconds, bef ore checking the detector again. If the condition is
clear, the system returns to normal status. If the detector is still sensing smoke, the
system activ ates the fire alarm. Vertical ventilation The process of making openings
so that the smoke, heat, and gases can escape vertically from a structure. Viscosity
The degree to which a fluid resists f low under an applied force. The lower the
viscosity, the easier a fluid will f low.
Glossary
8Z1
Voice recording system Recording dev ices or computer equipment connected to
telephone lines and radio equipment in a communications center to record tele-
phone calls and radio traffic. Volatility The ready ability of a substance to produce
combustible vapors.
Voluntary brigade member An employee who volunteers to be a member of the
fire brigade.
Wall post indicator valve (WPIV ) A sprinkler control v alv e that is mounted on
the outside wall of a building. The position of the indicator tells whether the valv e
is open or shut.
Water catch-all A salv age cov er f olded to form a container to hold water until it
can be removed.
Water chute A salv age cover f olded to direct water flow out of a building or away
from sensitiv e items or areas.
Water curtain nozzles Nozzles used to deliver a flat screen of water to form a
protective sheet of water.
Water hammer An ev ent that occurs when f lowing water is suddenly stopped; the
v elocity force of the moving water is transferred to everything it is in contact with.
These can be tremendous forces that can damage equipment and cause injury.
Water main The generic term f or any above ground or underground water supply
pipe.
Water supply A source of water.
Water diief A dev ice with an inlet and an outlet of the same size and sev eral
additional outlets of smaller size.
Water vacuum A dev ice similar to a household v acuum cleaner, but with the
ability to pick up liquids. Used to remov e water f rom buildings.
Water-motor gong An audible alarm notification device that is powered by water
mov ing through the sprinkler system.
Weapons of mass destruction (WMD) A weapon intended to cause mass
casualties, damage, and chaos.
Wet chemical extinguisher A fire extinguisher f or use on Class K f ires that
contains wet chemical extinguishing agents.
Wet chemical extinguishing agent An extinguishing agent f or Class K fires;
commonly uses solutions of water and potassium acetate, potassium carbonate,
potassium citrate, or any combination thereof.
Wet chemical extinguishing systems An extinguishing system that discharges
a proprietary liquid extinguishing agent.
Wet-barrel hydrant A hydrant used in areas that are not susceptible to freezing.
The barrel of the hydrant is normally filled with water.
Wet sprinkler sy stem A sprinkler sy stem in which the pipes are normally filled
with water.
Wetting-agent water-ty pe extinguisher An extinguisher that expels water
combined with a chemical or chemicals to reduce its surface tension. Wheeled fire
extinguisher A portable fire extinguisher equipped with a carriage and wheels
intended to be transported to the fire by one person. Wooden beams Load-bearing
members assembled from indiv idual wood components.
Wood-f rame construction (Ty pe V) Buildings with exterior walls, interior
walls, floors, and roof made of combustible wood material.
Wired glass Glass made by molding glass around a special wire mesh. Wood
panels Thin sheets of wood glued together. Wood trusses Assemblies of
small pieces of wood or wood and metal. Working end The part of the rope
used f or forming the knot. Wy e A dev ice used to split a single hose into two
separate lines.
Zoned coded alarm A fire alarm system that indicates which zone was act .re:
both on the alarm control panel and through a coded audio signal.
Zoned non-coded alarm A f ire alarm system that indicates the activated zone on
the alarm control panel.
Zoned system A f ire alarm sy stem design that div ides a building or facility into
zones so the area where an alarm originated can be identified.