GOOD MORNING SIR /MAAM,

I am Pranjal Mali (pranjal) and I am Shravani Yewale (shravani).

Today, we are presenting the project of SONAR. (both)

PRANJAL: SONAR, Sound Navigation and Ranging is technique for

detecting and determining the distance and direction of underwater objects
by audible means. Sound waves emitted by or reflected from the object are
detected by sonar apparatus and analyzed for the information they contain.

As you can see, the transmitter emits the sound waves and receiver receives
the emitted sound waves.

SHRAVANI: Sonar systems may be divided into three categories. In active

sonar systems an acoustic projector generates a sound wave that spreads
outward and is reflected back by a target object. A receiver picks up and
analyzes the reflected signal and may determine the range, bearing, and
relative motion of the target.

PRANJAL: The second type is Passive systems. It consist simply of

receiving sensors that pick up the noise produced by the target (such as
a ship, submarine, or torpedo). Waveforms thus detected may be analyzed
for identifying characteristics as well as direction and distance.

SHRAVANI: The third category of sonar devices is acoustic communication

systems, which require a projector and receiver at both ends of the acoustic
path. The model shown here is of this type.

PRANJAL: Firstly it was used to detect submarines by 1916, and by 1918 an

operational active system had been built by British and U.S. scientists.

SHRAVANI: today, they are used In the military field are a large number of
systems that detect, identify, and locate submarines. Sonar is also used in
acoustic homing torpedoes, in acoustic mines, and in mine detection.

PRANJAL: Non-military uses of sonar include fish finding, depth sounding,

mapping of the sea bottom, Doppler navigation, and acoustic locating for
divers.
NOTE: Show all the parts of the model if they ask to do so.