UNIVERSITEIT VAN JOHANNESBURG/

UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG

Eksamen / Exam
Junie 2008 / June 2008

KURSUS/ : INGENIEURSWESE
COURSE : ENGINEERING TYD/TIME : 3 ure/hours
VAK/ : MATERIAALKUNDE 3A
SUBJECT : SCIENCE OF MATERIAL 3A PUNTE/MARKS : 100

Eksaminator/ : N Janse van Rensburg

Examiner :
Moderator/: : Prof. RF Laubscher

Hierdie vraestel bestaan uit 6 bladsye /This paper consists of 6 pages

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 Benodigdhede : Sakrekenaar
Requirements : Calculator
 Hierdie eksamen is toeboek.
This examination is closed book.
 Beantwoord alle vrae.
Answer all questions.
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VRAAG / QUESTION 1 [6]

Gee ’n kort beskrywing/definisie vir elk van die volgende begrippe:

1.1. Ru-yster (1)

1.2. Dinamiese herkristallisering (3)
1.3. B staal (2)

Briefly describe/define the following concepts:

1.1. Pig iron (1)

1.2. Dynamic re-crystallisation (3)
1.3. B steel (2)

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VRAAG / QUESTION 2 [10]

Illustreer skematies die werking en produkte van ‘n tipiese geïntegreerde staalmeule.

Noem die doel van elk van die komponente.

Illustrate a typical integrated steel mill and its products by making use of schematics.
State the aim of each component.

VRAAG / QUESTION 3 [4]

Legerings, vlekvrye staal, gereedskapstaal, ens. word blootgestel aan spesiale

suiweringsprosesse wat die chemiese samestelling verander en/of onsuiwerhede
verwyder. Noem vier (4) staal-suiweringsprosesse wat onsuiwerheidsvlakke verlaag?

Alloy steels, stainless steels, tool steels etc. are frequently subjected to special refining
processes that are intended to modify chemical composition and/or to remove
impurities. Name four (4) of steel-refining processes for reducing inclusion levels?

VRAAG / QUESTION 4 [18]

Vergelyk die metallurgiese karakteristieke van koolstofstaal, allooistaal en

gereedskapstaal krities.

Critically compare the metallurgical characteristics of carbon steel, alloy steel and tool
steel.

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VRAAG / QUESTION 5 [20]

5.1 Gegee ‘n gedeelte van ‘n Fe-C fasediagram. Noem en illustreer skematies die
mikrostruktuur aangedui by punt (a), (b) en (c) van ‘n Fe-C allooi met ‘n
samestelling C0 wat stadig afkoel vanaf 900°C. (8)

5.2 Beskou ‘n koolstof allooi met 0.35 wt% C by ‘n temperatuur net onder die
eutektoid, bepaal

5.2.1 Die fraksie pro-eutektoied ferriet en perliet (4)

5.2.2 Die fraksie totale ferriet en sementiet (4)

5.3 Beskryf en illustreer ‘n hittebehandeling op ‘n IT diagram om ‘n finale struktuur

van 50% perliet & 50% martensiet te lewer (4)

5.1 Given a segment of the Fe-C phase diagram. Name and schematically illustrate
the microstructure at point (a), (b) and (c) of a Fe-C alloy with a composition C0
as it cools slowly from 900°C. (8)

5.2 Consider a 0.35 wt% C alloy at a temperature just below the eutectoid, determine

5.2.1 The fraction of proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite (4)

5.2.2 The fraction of total ferrite and cementite phases (4)

5.3 Describe and illustrate a heat treatment on a IT diagram to produce a final

structure of 50% pearlite & 50% martensite (4)

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VRAAG / QUESTION 6 [16]

Gegee is die verhardbaarheidskurwes van 4340 en 8640 allooistaal wat gegenereer is

tydens ’n Jominy end-blus toets, bespreek:

6.1. Die verhardbaarheid van die verskeie allooie;

6.2. Die effek van koolstof op die verhardbaarheid van staal

6.3. Die effek van die verskeie allooi elemente in 4340.

6.4. Die verband tussen die afkoel tempo en die uiteindelike mikrostruktuur

Given the hardenability curves of 4340 and 8640 alloy steel generated from Jominy end-
quench tests, discuss:

6.1. The hardenability of the various alloys;

6.2. The effect of carbon on the hardenability of steel

6.3. The effect of the various alloying elements in 4340.

6.4. The connection between the cooling rate and the eventual microstructure.

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VRAAG / QUESTION 7 [6]

Figuur / Figure 7(a) Figuur / Figure 7(b)

Verduidelik watter metodes van breuk is verantwoordelik vir die fraktuuroppervlaktes

geïllustreer in figuur 7(a) en (b).

Explain which mode of fracture is responsible for the fracture surfaces illustrated in
figure 7(a) and (b).

VRAAG / QUESTION 8 [10]

Verduidelik kortliks waarom ferities en austenitiese vlekvrye staal nie hittebehandelbaar

is nie.

Explain why ferritic and austenitic stainless steels are not heat treatable.

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 VRAAG / QUESTION 9 [10]

Kies een (1) legering uit tabel 1 om elk van die volgende produkte mee te vervaardig.
Motiveer jou keuse.

Choose one (1) alloy from table 1 to manufacture each of the following products.
Motivate your choice.

9.1 Veer / Springs

9.2 Houtwerk gereedskap / Woodworking tools

9.3 Motor uitlaatstelsel / Exhaust system

9.4 Soutwater pypstelsel / Salt water piping

9.5 Strukturele parte van ‘n vliegtuig / Aircraft structural parts

Table 1 Samestelling van legerings / Composition of alloys

Legering Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt %
Alloy Al C Cr Cu Mg Mn Mo Ni Si Ti W V Zn

7075 rest 0.23 1.60 2.50 5.6

409 0.08 11.0 1.00 0.50 0.75

0.30 0.30
O1 0.95 0.50 0.50
max max

C71500 70.0 30.0

UNS
rest 0.12 1.20 0.10
A93003

4063 0.63 0.25

SAE 2.0
3.3 0.8
G4000

0.15 0.10 0.20 0.15 0.10

W1 1.10
max max max max max

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