Ul2011outline 2020

October 13, 2020
UL 2011
Outline of Investigation for Machinery
Issue No: 5
October 13, 2020
Summary of Topics
This is the fifth issue of the Outline of Investigation for Machinery, UL 2011,
including the following changes in requirements:
• Replacement of reference of standard UL 508C, Standard for Safety

for Power Conversion Equipment, which has been withdrawn, with
reference to standard UL 61800-5-1, Standard for Safety for
Adjustable Speed Electrical Power Drive Systems – Part 5-1: Safety
Requirements – Electrical, Thermal and Energy.
• Hazardous Location requirements to include Zone systems
• Requirements for lasers for industrial additive manufacturing

machines
• Requirements for surge protective devices (SPD’s) in safety related

control circuits
• Requirements for using a URL or QR code as a convenient method

for providing required information
• Expansion of the scope to include Semiconductor Equipment
• Definition of a Safety-related Control System
• Editorial corrections
UL's Outlines of Investigation are copyrighted by UL LLC. Neither a printed nor

electronic copy of an Outline of Investigation should be altered in any way. All of
UL's Outlines of Investigation and all copyrights, ownerships, and rights regarding
those Outlines of Investigation shall remain the sole and exclusive property of UL
LLC.
COPYRIGHT © 2020 UL LLC
UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER

REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INC.
2 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
No Text on This Page

OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 3
CONTENTS
PART 1 – GENERAL USE MACHINES................................................................................................9
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................9
1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................9
2 Glossary.............................................................................................................................10
3 Undated References ...........................................................................................................13
4 Components .......................................................................................................................13
5 Units of Measurement .........................................................................................................14
6 Terminology ........................................................................................................................14
CONSTRUCTION – ALL MACHINES................................................................................................15
7 General ..............................................................................................................................15
8 Protection Against Corrosion................................................................................................15
9 Support and Securement of Live Parts ..................................................................................15
10 Spacings ..........................................................................................................................16
11 Insulating Barriers..............................................................................................................16
12 Insulating Materials ...........................................................................................................16
13 Provisions for Handling ......................................................................................................16
ACCESSIBILITY OF LIVE OR MOVING PARTS ................................................................................17
14
General ............................................................................................................................17
15
Rotating Parts ...................................................................................................................17
16
Enclosures and Guards .....................................................................................................17
17
Operator Controls..............................................................................................................19
18
Start Functions..................................................................................................................19
19
Stop Functions ..................................................................................................................19
20
Operating Modes...............................................................................................................20
21
Suspension of Safety Functions .........................................................................................20
22
Operation .........................................................................................................................20
23
Other Control Functions.....................................................................................................21
23.1 Hold-to-run controls .................................................................................................21
23.2 Two-hand control .....................................................................................................21
23.3 Enabling control.......................................................................................................21
23.4 Loss of circuit continuity ...........................................................................................22
23.5 Wireless control.......................................................................................................22
23.6 Control limitation......................................................................................................22
23.7 Stop........................................................................................................................22
23.8 Use of more than one operator control station ............................................................23
23.9 Battery-powered operator control stations..................................................................23
24 Protective Interlocks ..........................................................................................................23
24.1 Reclosing or resetting of an interlocking safeguard .....................................................23
24.2 Exceeding operating limits........................................................................................23
24.3 Operation of auxiliary functions .................................................................................23
24.4 Interlocks between different operations and for contrary motions .................................23
24.5 Reverse current braking ...........................................................................................24
25 Control Functions in the Event of Failure .............................................................................24
UL COPYRIGHTED
25.1 General requirements MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER
..............................................................................................24
25.2 Ground faults...........................................................................................................25
4 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
26 Operator Interface and Machine-mounted Controls ..............................................................25

26.1 General...................................................................................................................25
26.2 Location and mounting .............................................................................................25
26.3 Position sensors ......................................................................................................25
26.4 Portable and pendant control stations........................................................................25
26.5 Legends..................................................................................................................26
26.6 Rotary control devices..............................................................................................26
26.7 Pushbutton devices .................................................................................................26
26.8 Illuminated pushbuttons ...........................................................................................26
26.9 Indicator lights and displays......................................................................................26
26.10 Flashing lights and displays ....................................................................................27
27 Control Equipment Access .................................................................................................27
27.1 Spaces about electrical equipment............................................................................27
28 Wiring Inside an Enclosed Machine ....................................................................................28
29 Wiring Outside Enclosed Machinery....................................................................................28
29.1 General...................................................................................................................28
29.2 Component requirements .........................................................................................28
30 Sizing ...............................................................................................................................28
31 Wiring Methods .................................................................................................................28
32 Separation of Circuits ........................................................................................................30
33 Connections to Frequently Moving Parts .............................................................................30
33.1 Connection to moving elements of the machine .........................................................30
34 Cable Handling System .....................................................................................................30
35 Dismantling for Shipment ...................................................................................................31
36 Raceways.........................................................................................................................31
37 Machine Compartments and Wireways ...............................................................................32
38 Connection Boxes and Other Boxes ...................................................................................32
39 Motor Connection Boxes....................................................................................................32
40 Electric Motors ..................................................................................................................32
40.1 General...................................................................................................................32
40.2 Motor mounting and compartments ...........................................................................32
40.3 Direction arrow ........................................................................................................33
41 Mechanical Brakes ............................................................................................................33
41.1 Protective devices for mechanical brakes ..................................................................33
42 Machine Lighting ...............................................................................................................33
43 Lighting Fixtures................................................................................................................33
44 Lighting Circuits ................................................................................................................34
44.1 Protection ...............................................................................................................34
45 Certified ISO Type Shipping Containers ..............................................................................34
45.1 General...................................................................................................................34
45.2 Markings .................................................................................................................34
45.3 Loading...................................................................................................................35
45.4 Modifications of approved containers ........................................................................35
45.5 Removal of safety approval plate when no longer valid ...............................................35
PERFORMANCE .............................................................................................................................35
46 General ............................................................................................................................35
47 Temperature Test ..............................................................................................................36
48 Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test .......................................................................................37
49 Emergency Stop and Safety Component Stop Test ..............................................................37
50 Breakdown of Components Test .........................................................................................37
51 Resistance Measurement ..................................................................................................37
52 Insulation Resistance Test .................................................................................................38
53 Residual Voltage Protection Test ........................................................................................38
REPRODUCTION ORTest
54 Leakage Current DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INC.
........................................................................................................38
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 5
55 Functional Test..................................................................................................................38
MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCTION TESTS ...............................................................................39
56 General ............................................................................................................................39
57 Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test .......................................................................................39
MARKING .......................................................................................................................................41
58 General ............................................................................................................................41
PART 2 – SPECIFIC INDUSTRIAL MACHINES .................................................................................42
INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY ..............................................................................................................42
59 General ............................................................................................................................42
60 Wiring Inside Industrial Machinery Enclosures .....................................................................42
61 Wiring Outside Industrial Machinery Enclosures ..................................................................42
62 Operator Controls..............................................................................................................43
62.1 General...................................................................................................................43
62.2 Suspension of safety functions .................................................................................43
63 Emergency Stop Devices...................................................................................................43
64 Emergency Functions ........................................................................................................43
65 Emergency Stop ...............................................................................................................44
66 Emergency Switching Off...................................................................................................45
67 Emergency Stop Devices and Operations ...........................................................................45
68 Color of Actuators..............................................................................................................45
69 Types of Emergency Stop Devices .....................................................................................45
70 Emergency Switching Off Devices ......................................................................................46
70.1 Location of emergency switching off devices..............................................................46
71 Surge Protective Devices...................................................................................................46
MARKINGS .....................................................................................................................................47
72 General ............................................................................................................................47
73 Arc Flash ..........................................................................................................................47
74 Technical Documentation ...................................................................................................48
74.1 General...................................................................................................................48
74.2 Installation documents .............................................................................................49
74.3 Overview diagrams and function diagrams.................................................................49
74.4 Circuit diagrams ......................................................................................................49
74.5 Operating manual ....................................................................................................50
74.6 Maintenance manual................................................................................................50
INDUSTRIAL ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING MACHINES..................................................................50
75 General ............................................................................................................................50
SEMICONDUCTOR EQUIPMENT.....................................................................................................51
76 General ............................................................................................................................51
UL3COPYRIGHTED
PART MATERIAL
– MACHINERY FOR HAZARDOUS – NOT ..................................................................51
LOCATIONS AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER
6 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
77 Normative References .......................................................................................................51

78 General ............................................................................................................................52
79 Risk of Explosion due to Electrical Sources .........................................................................53
80 Risk of Explosion due to Non-Electrical Sources ..................................................................54
81 Performance .....................................................................................................................55
82 Markings and Instructions ..................................................................................................55
APPENDIX A – Standards for Components.....................................................................................56
APPENDIX B – Requirements for Additive Manufacturing Machines Where Combustible Particulate

Solids Are Employed.........................................................................................................57
B1 Scope ..............................................................................................................................57
B2 General ...........................................................................................................................57
B3 Definitions ........................................................................................................................57
B4 Identification of Combustible Particulate Solid .....................................................................57
B5 Potential Sources of Ignition ..............................................................................................58
B6 Assessment of the Risk of Ignition of the Combustible Dust..................................................58
B7 Construction .....................................................................................................................58
B7.1 General ..................................................................................................................58
B7.2 Tubes and hoses ....................................................................................................59
B7.3 Arcing devices ........................................................................................................59
B7.4 Gaskets..................................................................................................................59
B7.5 Filters .....................................................................................................................59
B7.6 Lasers ....................................................................................................................60
B7.7 Temperature limiting devices ....................................................................................60
B7.8 Functional safety ....................................................................................................60
B8 Testing .............................................................................................................................60
B8.1 Temperature test .....................................................................................................60
B8.2 Accumulation of static electricity test .........................................................................60
B8.3 Electrostatic bonding ground continuity test ...............................................................61
B8.4 Filter Test................................................................................................................61
B8.5 Resistivity of rubber compounds ...............................................................................61
B9 Marking............................................................................................................................61
B10 Installation and Use Instructions.......................................................................................62
B11 References .....................................................................................................................62
APPENDIX C – REFERENCE STANDARDS (Normative) ..................................................................64
APPENDIX D – REQUIREMENTS FOR MACHINES WITH COOLING SYSTEMS................................65
D1 Scope ..............................................................................................................................65
D2 Construction.....................................................................................................................65
D3 Performance ....................................................................................................................65
D3.1 Loss of coolant test .................................................................................................65
D3.2 Hydrostatic pressure test .........................................................................................65
APPENDIX FS – FUNCTIONAL SAFETY ..........................................................................................66
FS1 Scope ............................................................................................................................66

FS2 Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................66
FS3 Hardware Reliability ........................................................................................................66
REPRODUCTION
FS3.2 FaultOR DISTRIBUTION
tolerance WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INC.
......................................................................................................67
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 7
FS3.3 Probability of failure ...............................................................................................67

FS4 EMC Immunity ................................................................................................................67
FS5 Software Reliability .........................................................................................................68

8 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
No Text on This Page

OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 9
PART 1 – GENERAL USE MACHINES
INTRODUCTION
1 Scope
1.1 These requirements cover industrial machines intended for ordinary (unclassified) locations use, and
for hazardous (classified) locations use, operating from a voltage of 1000 volts or less. This equipment is
intended for installation, in accordance with the National Electrical Code (NEC), ANSI/NFPA 70, where the
ambient temperature does not exceed 40°C (104°F) maximum, unless otherwise specified.
1.2 These requirements also cover the following type of machines, complying with the Electrical
Standard for Machinery, NFPA 79; Machine Tools, Plastics Machinery, Wood Machinery, Assembly
Machines, Material-Handling Machines, Inspection/Testing Machines, Packaging Machines, Factory
Automation Equipment, Pick and Place Machines, Industrial Additive Manufacturing Machines, Car Wash
Systems and Semiconductor Equipment.
1.3 Fire-protective signaling systems are covered by the Standard for Control Units and Accessories for
Fire Alarm Systems, UL 864.
1.4 A freestanding assembly of circuit breakers and busses for control of electric light and power circuits
or equipment intended for field installation in dead-front switchboards are covered by the Standard for
Switchboards, UL 891.
1.5 Equipment intended to supply automatic illumination, power, or both, to critical areas and equipment
essential to safety of human life is covered by the Standard for Emergency Lighting and Power Equipment,
UL 924.
1.6 Swimming pools and spas are covered by the Standard for Electric Spas, Equipment Assemblies,
and Associated Equipment, UL 1563.
1.7 Fuel cells, photovoltaic systems, or utility interactive systems are covered by the Standard for
Inverters, Converters, Controllers and Interconnection System Equipment for Use With Distributed Energy
Resources, UL 1741.
1.8 Emergency alarm equipment is covered by the Standard for General-Purpose Signaling Devices and
Systems, UL 2017.
1.9 Equipment for gas or vapor detection is covered by the Standard for Gas and Vapor Detectors and
Sensors, UL 2075.
1.10 Communication equipment, such as telephone equipment, intended for installation in accordance
with Chapter 8 of the NEC, is evaluated to the Standard for Information Technology Equipment – Safety –
Part 1: General Requirements, UL 60950-1.
1.11 Physical access control systems, which provide an attended or unattended means of monitoring or
controlling traffic through portals of a protected area for security purposes; or in key management
systems, which regulate or control access to the use of a device by electrical, electronic or mechanical
means, are covered by the Standard for Access Control System Units, UL 294.
1.12 Equipment for theft deterrent or warning purposes, such as detectors, security containers or alarms
forUL
merchandise or property, areMATERIAL
COPYRIGHTED covered by the Standard
– NOTfor Antitheft Alarms andFOR
AUTHORIZED Devices, UL 1037.
FURTHER
10 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
1.13 Equipment primarily intended to energize or de-energize electrical loads to achieve the desired use
of electrical power is covered by the Standard for Energy Management Equipment, UL 916. Such
equipment is intended to control electrical loads by responding to sensors or transducers monitoring
power consumption, by sequencing, by cycling the loads through the use of preprogrammed data logic
circuits, or any combination thereof.
1.14 Robotics and associated control equipment is covered by the Standard for Robots and Robotic
Equipment, UL 1740.
1.15 Consumer 3D Printers are evaluated to the Standard for Information Technology Equipment –
Safety – Part 1: General Requirements, UL 60950-1 and the Standard for Audio/Video, Information and
Communication Technology Equipment – Part 1: Safety Requirements, UL 62368-1.
1.16 Equipment intended primarily for identifying, examining, and investigating materials and making
measurements and tests is covered by the Standard for Electrical Equipment for Laboratory Use; Part 1:
General Requirements, UL 61010-1.
1.17 Devices covered by this Outline of Investigation are not intended for the handling of hazardous
materials.
2 Glossary
2.1 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions apply.
2.2 ACCESSIBLE PART – A part located so that it can be contacted by a person either directly or by
means of a probe.
2.3 ASSEMBLY MACHINES – Machines used for the assembly of components and the like.
2.4 BARRIER – A physical obstruction that is intended to prevent contact with equipment, energized
electrical conductors, circuit parts, or to a physical location.
2.5 BUSHING – A fitting provided to protect wires from abrasion and intended for use where conductors
enter or leave the raceway system.
2.6 CABLE TRAY – a raceway consisting of troughing and fittings formed and constructed so that
insulated conductors and cables can be readily installed or removed after the cable tray has been
completely installed, without damage either to conductors or their covering.
2.7 CONDUIT – a protective cover, tube or piping system for electric cables.
2.8 CONDUIT HUB – A fitting intended for use with threaded conduit for connection to an enclosure.
2.9 CONTACT, DIRECT – contact of persons with energized parts of equipment.
2.10 CONTACT, INDIRECT – contact of persons with exposed conductive parts of equipment that have
become energized under fault conditions.
2.11 EMERGENCY OPERATION – the occurrence of the following actions either separately or in
combination:
ULa)COPYRIGHTED
emergency stop; MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 11
b) emergency start;
c) emergency switching off; and
d) emergency switching on.
2.12 EMERGENCY START – an emergency operation intended to start a process or a movement to

mitigate or avoid a hazardous situation
2.13 EMERGENCY STOP – an emergency operation intended to stop a process or a movement that has
become hazardous.
2.14 EMERGENCY STOP DEVICE – a manually actuated control device used to initiate an emergency
stop function.
2.15 EMERGENCY SWITCHING OFF DEVICE – a manually actuated control device used to switch off
the supply of electrical energy to all or a part of an installation where a risk of electric shock or another risk
of electrical origin is involved.
2.16 EMERGENCY SWITCHING ON – an emergency operation intended to switch on the supply of

electrical energy to a part of an installation.
2.17 EXPOSED PART – A part that is subjected to handling in normal use without removing parts such
as doors, covers, or other parts if removal requires the use of a tool.
2.18 FACTORY AUTOMATION EQUIPMENT – Production equipment for attended and unattended
assembly of products and subassemblies. This equipment is designed to be programmed for a specific
manufacturing application, such as assembly of components, packaging, sorting, or counting of parts, or
hole punching or cutting. The equipment may also incorporate manufacturing processes involving heating
or cooling, drying, or gluing of parts.
2.19 FITTING – A means for securing conduit, cable, or tubing to an enclosure, box, or raceway system.
2.20 GUARD – a physical barrier that prevents access to areas of a machine where a hazard exists.
2.21 GUARDED – covered, shielded, fenced, enclosed, or otherwise protected by suitable covers,
casings, barriers, rails, screens, mats, or platforms to remove the likelihood of approach or contact by
persons or objects to a point of danger.
2.22 HIGH-VOLTAGE CIRCUIT – A circuit involving a potential of more than 1000 volts.
2.23 INSPECTION/TESTING MACHINES – Machines used for coordinate measuring, in-process

gauging and the like.
2.24 INTERLOCK (FOR SAFEGUARDING) – an arrangement that interconnects guard(s) or device(s)

with the control system or all or part of the electrical energy distributed to the machine.
2.25 MACHINE TOOLS – Machines used for the cutting or forming of metal and the like.
2.26 MATERIAL-HANDLING MACHINES – Machines used for material handling such as transfer,
sortation, conveying and the like.
12 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
2.27 INDUSTRIAL ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING MACHINES – Machines used to create a three-

dimensional object in which layers of material are formed under computer control to create an object.
2.28 PACKAGING MACHINES – Machines for carton-strapping, drum-filling, palletizing and the like.
2.29 PICK AND PLACE MACHINES – Machines, having a predefined movement trajectory and end
effectors, like a screwdriver or gripper head, for mounting at the end of the arm. The machine can pick and
place parts by sliding back and forth along limited length tracks whose motion is restricted by the length of
those tracks.
2.30 PLASTICS MACHINERY – Machines used for injection molding, extrusion, blow molding,
specialized processing, thermoset molding, size reduction of plastics and the like.
2.31 QUALIFIED PERSON – one familiar with the construction and operation of the apparatus and the
hazards involved.
2.32 RACEWAY – any channel designed for holding wires, cables, or busbars and includes conduit (rigid
and flexible, metal and non-metallic), electrical metallic and non-metallic tubing, underfloor raceways,
cellular floors, surface raceways, wireways, cable trays, busways, and auxiliary gutters.
2.33 READILY ACCESSIBLE – unobstructed and capable of being reached quickly for operation,
renewal, or inspection without any tools or equipment.
2.34 RISK – combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm.
2.35 RISK ASSESSMENT – the overall process of hazard identification, risk analysis, and risk
evaluation.
2.36 ROBOT – A controlled, reprogrammable, multi-purpose, manipulative machine with several

degrees of freedom, which may be either fixed in place or mobile for use in automatic applications.
2.37 SAFEGUARD – a guard or protective device used as a safety measure to protect persons from a
present or impending hazard.
2.38 SAFEGUARDING – protective measure using safeguards to protect persons from the hazards
which cannot reasonably be eliminated or from the risks which cannot be sufficiently reduced by inherently
safe design measures.
2.39 SAFETY-RELATED FUNCTION – a function which is intended to maintain the safe condition of the
machine, or prevent or reduce hazardous situations.
2.40 SAFETY-RELATED CONTROL SYSTEM – That part of a control system containing one or more
devices that perform a safety related function.
Note : "Safety circuit" and "safety interlock circuit" are common terms which can be used to refer to the safety-related control system.
2.41 SEMICONDUCTOR EQUIPMENT – Equipment used to manufacture, measure, assemble and test
semiconductor products.
2.42 STOP, CONTROLLED – the stopping of machine motion with electrical power to the machine
actuators maintained during the stopping process.
2.43 STRAIN RELIEFOR
REPRODUCTION BUSHING – A means for securing
DISTRIBUTION WITHOUTcable to an enclosure.
PERMISSION
FROM UL INC.
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 13
2.44 UNCONTROLLED STOP – the stopping of machine motion by removing power to the machine
actuators, while all brakes and/or other mechanical stopping devices are activated.
2.45 WIRELESS CONTROL – control devices employing wireless (e. g., radio, infrared) techniques for
transmitting commands and signals between a machine control system and operator control station(s).
2.46 WIREWAY – a raceway consisting of a completely enclosing arrangement of metal troughing and
fittings formed and constructed so that insulated conductors can be readily drawn in and withdrawn, or laid
in and removed, after the wireway has been completely installed, without damage either to conductors or
to their covering.
2.47 WOOD MACHINERY – Machines used for woodworking, laminating, sawmill and the like.
3 Undated References
3.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this outline shall be
interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard.
4 Components
4.1 Except as indicated in 4.2, a component of a product covered by this Outline of Investigation shall
comply with the requirements for that component. See Appendix A for a list of standards covering
components generally used in the products covered by this outline.
Exception No. 1: A non-electrical, non-hydraulic device such as one operating on air pressure need not be
evaluated.
Exception No. 2: Components and wiring located entirely within the low-voltage limited energy circuit or
Class 2 circuit are not required to be investigated unless the device performs a safety function.
Exception No. 3: The separation of circuits and routing with conductors of other circuits shall comply with
the requirements for internal wiring in the Standard for Industrial Control Panels, UL 508A.
Exception No. 4: Field Wiring Terminals shall comply with the requirements for field wiring in the Standard
for Industrial Control Panels, UL 508A.
4.2 A component need not comply with a specific requirement that:
a) Involves a feature or characteristic not needed in the application of the component in the product
covered by this outline; or
b) Is superseded by a requirement in this outline.
4.3 A component shall be used in accordance with its recognized rating established for the intended
conditions of use.
4.4 Specific components are recognized as being incomplete in construction features or restricted in
performance capabilities. Such components are intended for use only under limited conditions, such as
certain temperatures not exceeding specified limits and shall be used only under those specific conditions
for which they have been recognized.

14 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
5 Units of Measurement
5.1 Values stated without parentheses are the requirement. Values in parentheses are explanatory or
approximate information.
5.2 For calculations involving amperes, calculations resulting in a fraction of less than 0.5 shall be
rounded down to the next whole number. Calculations resulting in a fraction of 0.5 or more shall be
rounded up to the next whole number.
6 Terminology
6.1 For the purpose of this standard, the terms illustrated in Figure 6.1 shall apply.
Figure 6.1
Description of terminology
INDUSTRIAL CONTROL PANEL

Enclosure (UL 508A)
(16.1.1) (7.2)
Operator
Wiring outside enclosures
Raceways, Cable trays, Wireways,

Controls
• Conduit Hubs (31.2) Conduits (36.1)
(62.1)
• Strain Relief Bushings (31.2)
• Fittings (2.19) Cables (29.2.1)
• Single and Multipole (29.1) Emergency
Connectors (29.2.1 c)) (61.1)(61.2) Flexible Cords (29.2.1) Stop Devices
• Plugs and Receptacles (63.1)
(29.2.1 d) ) Connections to Frequesntly
Moving Parts (33.1)
Actuators
Electric (26.2.2)(26.2.3)
Sensors Accessibility
Motors MACHINERY
(26.3.1)(26.3.2) of Live or
(40.1)
Moving Parts
(14.1)
Enclosure
(16.1.1) Wiring inside enclosed machinery
(28.1)(60.1)(60.2)
INDUSTRIAL CONTROL PANEL

(UL 508A)
(59.2)
su3494

OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 15
CONSTRUCTION – ALL MACHINES
7 General
7.1 These requirements cover machines intended for general industrial use, which are not covered
under the Specific Industrial Machines requirements in Part 2. These machines shall:
a) Be constructed so that they comply with the rules for installation and use of such equipment as
given in the National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 70.
b) Employ materials and components that are determined to be usable in the application.
7.2 Control panels which form a portion of machines intended for General Use shall, either alone or in
conjunction with the machinery, comply with the requirements for General Use Panels in the Standard for
Industrial Control Panels, UL 508A.
7.3 Machines for hazardous (classified) locations are covered by the Machinery for Hazardous Locations
requirements in Part 3.
8 Protection Against Corrosion
8.1 Iron and steel parts shall be protected against corrosion by enameling galvanizing, plating, or other
equivalent means. This applies to all springs and other parts required for proper mechanical operation.
Exception: This requirement does not apply to:
a) Bearings, thermal elements, sliding surfaces of a hinge, shaft, or similar part, where such
protection is impracticable;
b) Small parts of iron or steel, such as washers, screws, bolts, or similar parts, when the parts are
not current carrying or relied upon to support or maintain the relative position of uninsulated live
parts or components; and
c) Parts made of stainless steel.
9 Support and Securement of Live Parts
9.1 Provisions shall be made for securely mounting components to a supporting surface. A bolt, screw,
or other part used to secure a part of a component shall not also be used to secure the component or
another component to the supporting surface.
9.2 A live screwhead or nut on the underside of an insulating base shall be prohibited from loosening by
means of a star or lock washer and shall be insulated from the mounting surface by an insulating barrier
that complies with Section 11, Insulating Barriers, or by through air and over surface spacings specified in
Section 10, Spacings.
9.3 An uninsulated live part, including a terminal, or a component with uninsulated live parts shall be
secured to its supporting surface by a method other than friction so that it is prohibited from turning or
shifting in position. Turning or shifting of a live part is able to be prohibited by the use of:
a) Two or more screws or rivets securing the component or part to the mounting surface;
b) Non-circular shoulders or mortises that abuts an adjacent part or mechanical stop member such
UL as
COPYRIGHTED
a mounting rail; MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER
16 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
c) Non-circular shoulders or mortises that fit through an opening of the same shape cut into the
mounting surface for a panel-mounted component or part;
d) A dowel, pin, lug, or offset that mates with a hole, recess or offset in the mounting surface; or
e) A connecting strap or clip fitted into an adjacent part.
9.4 For a live part or a component with uninsulated live parts that are secured by means other than as in
9.3, the part or component shall comply with the following:
a) The mounting screw or nut, when provided, is loosened (one component or part at a time) to
allow movement;
b) Is subjected to typical operation of the device, such as switch operation, replacing a lamp or fuse
replacement operation, or rotated to the extent limited by the mounting screw or other means; and
c) As a result of (a) and (b), the spacings between the uninsulated live parts shall not be reduced
below the requirements in Section 10, Spacings, and the internal wiring shall not be damaged, or
cause strain to be transmitted to the terminals due to operation or rotation.
10 Spacings
10.1 The electrical spacings in machinery for line-voltage parts shall comply with the spacings
requirements in the Standard for Industrial Control Panels, UL 508A.
10.2 The electrical spacings in machinery for high-voltage parts (>1 – ≤ 25 kV) shall comply with
Appendix C, Ref. No.1.
10.3 As an alternative to the spacing requirements specified in 10.1 and 10.2, clearances and creepage
distances may be evaluated in accordance with the requirements for Clearance and Creepage Distances,
in the Standard for Industrial Control Equipment, UL 508, together with the requirements in the Standard
for Insulation Coordination Including Clearance and Creepage Distances for Electrical Equipment, UL 840.
11 Insulating Barriers
11.1 Insulating barriers in machinery shall comply with the insulating barriers requirements in the
Standard for Industrial Control Panels, UL 508A.
11.2 Insulating barriers for high-voltage circuits (>1 – ≤ 25 kV) in machinery shall comply with Appendix
C, Ref. No. 2.
12 Insulating Materials
12.1 Insulating materials in machinery shall comply with the insulating materials requirements in the
12.2 Insulating materials in machinery for the support of a high-voltage part (>1 – ≤ 25 kV) shall comply
with the requirements of Appendix C, Ref. No.3.
13 Provisions for Handling
13.1 Heavy or bulky components that have to be removed from the machine for transport or that are
shipped independent of the machine
UL COPYRIGHTED shall be provided
MATERIAL – NOT with AUTHORIZED
suitable means for handling
FOR by cranes or other
FURTHER
similar equipment.
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 17
ACCESSIBILITY OF LIVE OR MOVING PARTS
14 General
14.1 An enclosure, an opening, a frame, a guard, a knob, a handle, or the like shall not be sufficiently
sharp to cause a risk of injury to persons in normal maintenance or use.
14.2 If the breakage or damage of a part such as an enclosure, a frame, a guard, or the like may result in
a risk of injury to persons, the material shall have such properties that comply with the demand of
expected loading conditions.
14.3 The requirements in 14.2 apply to those portions of a part adjacent to a moving part or an exposed
live part considered to present a risk of injury to persons.
14.4 Uninsulated Live Parts and Moving Parts shall comply with the requirements for Accessibility of live
parts in the Standard for Industrial Control Equipment, UL 508.
15 Rotating Parts
15.1 A rotating member shall be constructed and made of materials having the necessary strength to
reduce the likelihood of breakage or its release, or loosening of a part that could cause injury to persons.
15.2 A rotating part shall be assembled:
a) So that the direction of rotation tends to tighten the means that holds the rotating part in place; or
b) Using a keyed nut or a nut locked in place with a pin or other positive means.
16 Enclosures and Guards
16.1 Each electrically live or moving part that can cause injury to persons shall be enclosed or guarded.
Exception: A moving part that can cause injury to persons that is necessarily exposed to perform the work
function need not be enclosed or guarded. See 16.3.
16.2 Industrial control panel enclosures shall comply with the requirements for enclosed panels in the
16.3 Among the factors to be considered in evaluating the acceptability of an exposed moving part are:
a) Degree of exposure necessary to perform its intended function;
b) Sharpness of the moving part;
c) Likelihood of unintentional contact therewith;
d) Speed and Torque of the moving part; and
e) Likelihood that a part of the body would be endangered or that clothing would be entangled by
the moving part.
16.4 These factors are to be considered with respect to both intended operation of the product and its
reasonably foreseeable misuses.
18 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
16.5 To reduce the risk of unintentional contact with a live or moving part, machinery shall be provided
with appropriate mechanical barriers or curtains except as indicated in 16.6.
Exception: It is not necessary to provide a barrier or curtain on locations of machinery marked as follows:
a) Risk of live parts : The equipment shall be marked, “CAUTION – High Voltage” – V, or with a
black lightning flash on a yellow background within a black triangle as in Figure 16.1, or an
equivalent marking.
b) Risk of moving parts: The equipment shall be marked, “CAUTION – Moving parts can crush and
cut”, or as in Figure 16.2, or an equivalent marking.
Figure 16.1
Risk of live parts
Figure 16.2
Risk of moving parts
su3495
16.6 A photoelectric light curtain provided to halt operation of the machine when the light path is broken
UL COPYRIGHTED
is considered to meet the intentMATERIAL
of 16.5 and – NOT
shall AUTHORIZED
comply FOR
with the Standard FURTHER
for Industrial Control
REPRODUCTION
Equipment, UL 508, OR the DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT
Standard for Electro-Sensitive PERMISSION
Protective FROM
Equipment, Part UL INC.
1: General
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 19
Requirements and Tests, UL 61496-1, and the Standard for Electro-Sensitive Protective Equipment, Part
2: Particular Requirements for Equipment Using Active Opto-Electronic Protective Devices (AOPDs), UL
61496-2.
16.7 Circuits above 1000V shall be housed within their own enclosure or within a separate compartment
of the main enclosure of the machine.
17 Operator Controls
17.1 General use machinery shall be provided with operator controls, such as pushbuttons and selector
switches.
18 Start Functions
18.1 Start functions shall operate by energizing the relevant circuit (see Section 22).
18.2 Start operators shall be located above or to the left of the associated stop buttons.
Exception: Start buttons in series, such as for two-handed control, are not required to comply with this
requirement.
18.3 The start of an operation shall be possible only when all of the relevant safety functions and/or
protective measures are in place and are operational except for conditions as described in 21.1.
18.4 On those machines where safety functions and/or protective measures cannot be applied for
certain operations, manual control of such operations shall be by hold-to-run controls, together with
enabling devices, as appropriate.
18.5 Suitable interlocks shall be provided to secure correct sequential starting.
19 Stop Functions
19.1 There are three categories of stop functions as follows:
a) Stop category 0: stopping by immediate removal of power to the machine actuators (i. e. an
uncontrolled stop);
b) Stop category 1: a controlled stop with power available to the machine actuators to achieve the
stop and then removal of power when the stop is achieved; and
c) Stop category 2: a controlled stop with power left available to the machine actuators.
19.2 Stop category 0 and/or stop category 1 and/or stop category 2 stop functions shall be provided as
indicated by the risk assessment and the functional requirements of the machine. The risk assessment
and functional safety evaluation as described in Appendix FS shall be used for the determination of the
stop category.
Note : The supply disconnecting device when operated achieves a stop category 0.
19.3 Stop functions shall override related start functions (see Section 18).
19.4 Where required, facilities to connect protective devices and interlocks shall be provided. If such a
UL COPYRIGHTED
protective MATERIAL
device or interlock causes – NOT
a stop of the AUTHORIZED
machine, FOR
it may be necessary FURTHER
for that condition to be
20 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
signaled to the logic of the control system. The reset of the stop function shall not initiate any hazardous
situation.
19.5 Where more than one control station is provided, stop commands from any control station shall be
effective when required by the risk assessment of the machine. The requirements of Appendix FS shall be
used for the risk assessment and functional safety evaluation.
20 Operating Modes
20.1 Each machine can have one or more operating modes determined by the type of machine and its
application. When a hazardous situation can result from a mode selection, unauthorized and/or
inadvertent selection shall be prevented by suitable means (for example key operated switch, access
code).
20.2 Mode selection by itself shall not initiate machine operation. A separate actuation of the start control
shall be required.
20.3 For each specific operating mode, the relevant safety functions and/or protective measures shall be
implemented.
20.4 Indication of the selected operating mode shall be provided (for example the position of a mode
selector, the provision of an indicating light, a visual display indication).
21 Suspension of Safety Functions
21.1 Where it is necessary to suspend safety functions and/or protective measures (for example for
setting or maintenance purposes), protection shall be ensured by:
a) Disabling all other operating (control) modes; and
b) Other relevant means, that can include, for example, one or more of the following:
1) Initiation of operation by a hold-to-run device or by a similar control device;
2) A wireless control station with a device to initiate stop functions in accordance with 23.7
and, where appropriate, an enabling device. Where a wireless control station is in use,
initiation of motion shall only be possible from that control station;
3) Limitation of the speed or the power of motion;
4) Limitation of the range of motion.
22 Operation
22.1 The necessary safety functions and/or protective measures [for example interlocks (see Section
24)] shall be provided for safe operation.
22.2 Measures shall be taken to prevent movement of the machine in an unintended or unexpected
manner after any stopping of the machine (for example due to locked-off condition, power supply fault,
battery replacement, lost signal condition with wireless control).
22.3 Where a machine has more than one control station, measures shall be provided to ensure that
initiation of commands from different control stations do not lead to a hazardous situation.
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 21
22.4 Movement or action of a machine or part of a machine that can result in a hazardous situation shall
be monitored by providing, for example, overtravel limiters, motor overspeed detection, mechanical
overload detection or anti-collision devices.
22.5 A single pushbutton and other devices that alternately start and stop motion shall only be used for
secondary functions where no hazardous condition arises when they are operated.
23 Other Control Functions
23.1 Hold-to-run controls
23.1.1 Hold-to-run controls shall require continuous actuation of the control device (s) to achieve
operation.
23.2 Two-hand control
23.2.1 Three types of two-hand control are defined in ISO 13851, the selection of which is determined by
the risk assessment. The requirements of Appendix FS shall be used for the risk assessment and
functional safety evaluation.
23.2.2 These shall have the following features:
a) Type I – this type requires:
1) The provision of two control devices and their concurrent actuation by both hands;
2) Continuous concurrent actuation during the hazardous situation;
3) Machine operation shall stop upon the release of either one or both of the control devices
when hazardous situations are still present.
b) Type II – a type I control requiring the release of both control devices before machine operation
can be reinitiated.
c) Type III – a type II control requiring concurrent actuation of the control devices as follows:
1) It shall be necessary to actuate the control devices within a certain time limit of each
other, not exceeding 0.5 s;
2) Where this time limit is exceeded, both control devices shall be released before machine
operation can be initiated.
23.3 Enabling control
23.3.1 Enabling control is a manually activated control function interlock that:
a) When activated allows a machine operation to be initiated by a separate start control, and
b) When de-activated:
1) Initiates a stop function; and
2) Prevents initiation of machine operation.

22 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
23.3.2 Enabling control shall be so arranged as to minimize the possibility of defeating, for example by
requiring the de-activation of the enabling control device before machine operation may be reinitiated. It
should not be possible to defeat the enabling function by simple means.
23.4 Loss of circuit continuity
23.4.1 Where the loss of continuity of safety-related control circuits depending upon sliding contacts can
result in a hazardous situation, appropriate measures shall be taken (for example by duplication of the
sliding contacts).
23.5 Wireless control
23.5.1 This paragraph deals with the functional requirements of control systems employing wireless (for
example radio, infra-red) techniques for transmitting commands and signals between a machine control
system and operator control station(s).
Note: Some of these application and system considerations can also be applicable to control functions employing serial data
communication techniques where the communications link uses a cable (for example coaxial, twisted pair, optical fiber).
23.5.2 Means shall be provided to readily remove or disconnect the power supply of the operator control
station (see also 23.7).
23.5.3 Means (for example key operated switch, access code) shall be provided, as necessary, to
prevent unauthorized use of the operator control station.
23.5.4 Each operator control station shall carry a clear indication of which machine(s) is (are) intended to
be controlled by that operator control station.
23.6 Control limitation
23.6.1 Measures shall be taken to ensure that control commands:
a) Affect only the intended machine; and
b) Affect only the intended functions.
23.6.2 Measures shall be taken to prevent the machine from responding to signals other than those from
the intended operator control station(s).
23.6.3 Where necessary, means shall be provided so that the machine can only be controlled from
operator control stations in one or more predetermined zones or locations.
23.7 Stop
23.7.1 Operator control stations shall include a separate and clearly identifiable means to initiate the stop
function of the machine or of all the operations that can cause a hazardous situation. The actuating means
to initiate this stop function shall not be marked or labelled as an emergency stop device, even though the
stop function initiated on the machine can fulfill an emergency stop function.
23.7.2 A machine which is equipped with wireless control shall have a means of automatically initiating
the stopping of the machine and of preventing a potentially hazardous operation, in the following
situations:
a) When a stop signal
REPRODUCTION is received;
OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INC.
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 23
b) When a fault is detected in the wireless control system; and
c) When a valid signal (which includes a signal that communication is established and maintained)
has not been detected within a specified period of time, except when a machine is executing a pre-
programmed task taking it outside the range of the wireless control where no hazardous situation
can occur.
23.8 Use of more than one operator control station
23.8.1 Where a machine has more than one operator control station, including one or more wireless
control stations, measures shall be provided to ensure that only one of the control stations can be enabled
at a given time. An indication of which operator control station is in control of the machine shall be
provided at suitable locations as determined by the risk assessment of the machine. The requirements of
Appendix FS shall be used for the risk assessment and functional safety evaluation.
Exception: A stop command from any one of the control stations shall be effective when required by the
risk assessment of the machine.
23.9 Battery-powered operator control stations
23.9.1 A variation in the battery voltage shall not cause a hazardous situation. If one or more potentially
hazardous motions are controlled using a battery-powered wireless operator control station, a clear
warning shall be given to the operator when a variation in battery voltage exceeds specified limits. Under
those circumstances, the wireless operator control station shall remain functional long enough for the
operator to put the machine into a nonhazardous situation.
24 Protective Interlocks
24.1 Reclosing or resetting of an interlocking safeguard
24.1.1 The reclosing or resetting of an interlocking safeguard shall not initiate hazardous machine
operation.
24.2 Exceeding operating limits
24.2.1 Where an operating limit (for example speed, pressure, position) can be exceeded leading to a
hazardous situation, means shall be provided to detect when a predetermined limit (s) is exceeded and
initiate an appropriate control action.
24.3 Operation of auxiliary functions
24.3.1 The correct operation of auxiliary functions shall be checked by appropriate devices (for example
pressure sensors).
24.3.2 Where the non-operation of a motor or device for an auxiliary function (for example lubrication,
supply of coolant, swarf removal) can cause a hazardous situation, or cause damage to the machine or to
the work in progress, appropriate interlocking shall be provided.
24.4 Interlocks between different operations and for contrary motions
24.4.1 All contactors, relays, and other control devices that control elements of the machine and that can
cause
ULaCOPYRIGHTED
hazardous situation when actuated at the
MATERIAL same AUTHORIZED
– NOT time (for example those
FOR which initiate contrary
FURTHER
motion), shall be interlocked against incorrect operation.
24 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
24.4.2 Reversing contactors (for example those controlling the direction of rotation of a motor) shall be
interlocked in such a way that in normal service no short circuit can occur when switching.
24.4.3 Where, for safety or for continuous operation, certain functions on the machine are required to be
interrelated, proper co-ordination shall be ensured by suitable interlocks. For a group of machines working
together in a coordinated manner and having more than one controller, provision shall be made to co-
ordinate the operations of the controllers as necessary.
24.4.4 Where a failure of a mechanical brake actuator can result in the brake being applied when the
associated machine actuator is energized and a hazardous situation can result, interlocks shall be
provided to switch off the machine actuator.
24.5 Reverse current braking
24.5.1 Where braking of a motor is accomplished by current reversal, measures shall be provided to
prevent the motor starting in the opposite direction at the end of braking where that reversal can cause a
hazardous situation or damage to the machine or to the work in progress. For this purpose, a device
operating exclusively as a function of time is not permitted.
24.5.2 Control circuits shall be so arranged that rotation of a motor shaft, for example manually, shall not
result in a hazardous situation.
25 Control Functions in the Event of Failure
25.1 General requirements
25.1.1 Where failures or disturbances in the electrical equipment can cause a hazardous situation or
damage to the machine or to the work in progress, appropriate measures shall be taken to minimize the
probability of the occurrence of such failures or disturbances. The required measures and the extent to
which they are implemented, either individually or in combination, depend on the level of risk associated
with the respective application (see 16.4).
25.1.2 Measures to reduce those risks include but are not limited to:
a) Protective devices on the machine (for example interlocking guards, trip devices);
b) Protective interlocking of the electrical circuit;
c) Use of proven circuit techniques and components;
d) Provision of partial or complete redundancy or diversity; and
e) Provision for functional tests.
25.1.3 Where memory retention is achieved for example, by battery power, measures shall be taken to
prevent hazardous situations arising from failure or removal of the battery.
25.1.4 Where the control system uses a memory device (s), proper functioning in the event of power
failure shall be ensured (for example by using a non-volatile memory) to prevent any loss of memory that
can result in a hazardous situation.
25.1.5 Means shall be provided to prevent unauthorized or inadvertent memory alteration by, for
example, requiring the use of a key, access code or tool.
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 25
25.2 Ground faults
25.2.1 Earth faults on any control circuit shall not cause unintentional starting, potentially hazardous
motions, or prevent stopping of the machine.
26 Operator Interface and Machine-mounted Controls
26.1 General
26.1.1 This Clause contains requirements for devices mounted outside or partially outside control
enclosures.
26.2 Location and mounting
26.2.1 As far as is practicable, machine-mounted control devices shall be:
a) Readily accessible for service and maintenance; and
b) Mounted in such a manner as to minimize the possibility of damage from activities such as
material handling.
26.2.2 The actuators of hand-operated control devices shall be selected and installed so that:
a) They are not less than 0.6 m above the servicing level and are within easy reach of the normal
working position of the operator; and
b) The operator is not placed in a hazardous situation when operating them.
26.2.3 The actuators of foot-operated control devices shall be selected and installed so that:
a) They are within easy reach of the normal working position of the operator; and
b) The operator is not placed in a hazardous situation when operating them.
26.2.4 Foot-operated switches used for emergency stop shall not be of the covered or hooded type.
26.2.5 The enclosure of the control devices shall comply with the requirements for enclosure openings in
the Standard for Industrial Control Panels, UL 508A.
26.3 Position sensors
26.3.1 Position sensors (for example position switches, proximity switches) shall be so arranged that
they will not be damaged in the event of overtravel.
26.3.2 Position sensors used in safety-related function circuitry shall have direct opening operation or
shall provide similar reliability as specified in Annex K of UL 60947-5-1.
26.4 Portable and pendant control stations
26.4.1 Portable and pendant operator control stations and their control devices shall be so configured
and arranged as to minimize the possibility of unintentional machine operations.

26 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
26.5 Legends
26.5.1 A legend shall be provided for each operator interface device to identify its function and shall be
located so that it can be easily read by the machine operator from the normal operator position. The
legends shall be durable and suitable for the operating environment.
26.6 Rotary control devices
26.6.1 Devices having a rotational member, such as potentiometers and selector switches, shall be
mounted in such a way as to prevent rotation of the stationary member. Friction alone shall not be relied
upon to prevent rotation.
26.7 Pushbutton devices
26.7.1 Pushbutton actuators
26.7.1.1 Pushbutton actuators used to initiate a stop function shall be of the extended operator or
mushroom-head type.
26.7.2 Arrangement of operator interface devices
26.7.2.1 All start pushbuttons shall be mounted above or to the left of their associated stop pushbuttons.
26.7.2.2 Color codes and icons for pushbutton actuators shall be color-coded in accordance with Table
26.1.
Table 26.1
Color-coding for push-button actuators and their meanings
Color Optional Color Not permitted Color Explanation

GREEN BLACK, WHITE or GREY RED “Start” or “On”
RED BLACK, WHITE or GREY GREEN “Stop” or “Off”
BLACK, WHITE or GREY RED, YELLOW or GREEN A pushbutton that alternates
between a start and a stop
function
BLACK WHITE, GREY or BLUE A pushbutton that generates a
start movement when pressed
and a stop movement when
released
BLUE, BLACK, WHITE, OR – A reset pushbutton
GREY
RED – A reset button that also acts
as a stop button
26.8 Illuminated pushbuttons
26.8.1 Illuminated pushbutton actuators shall be color-coded in accordance with Table 26.1.
26.9 Indicator lights and displays
26.9.1 Indicator lights and displays serve to give the following types of information:
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 27
a) Indication: to attract the operator's attention or to indicate that a certain task should be
performed. The colors RED, YELLOW, BLUE, and GREEN are normally used in this mode; for
flashing indicator lights and displays.
b) Confirmation: to confirm a command, or a condition, or to confirm the termination of a change or

transition period. The colors BLUE and WHITE are normally used in this mode and GREEN may be
used in some cases.
26.9.2 Indicator lights and displays shall be selected and installed in such a manner as to be visible from
the normal position of the operator.
26.9.3 Indicator light circuits used for warning lights shall be fitted with facilities to check the operability of
these lights.
26.9.4 Unless otherwise agreed between the supplier and the user, indicator lights shall be color-coded
with respect to the condition (status) of the machine in accordance with Table 26.2.
Table 26.2
Colors for indicator lights and their meanings with respect to the condition of the machine
Color Meaning Condition of Process

RED Danger Faulty
YELLOW Warning/Caution Abnormal
BLUE Mandatory action
GREEN Safe Normal
WHITE/CLEAR No specific meaning assigned
26.10 Flashing lights and displays
26.10.1 For further distinction or information and especially to give additional emphasis, flashing lights
and displays can be provided for the following purposes:
a) To attract attention;
b) To request immediate action;
c) To indicate a discrepancy between the command and actual state; and
d) To indicate a change in process (flashing during transition).
27 Control Equipment Access
27.1 Spaces about electrical equipment
27.1.1 Access and working space shall be provided and maintained about all electrical equipment to
permit ready and safe operation and maintenance of such equipment.
27.1.2 The working space about a machine shall comply with the requirements in the National Electrical
Code, NFPA 70.
27.1.3 Doors in gangways and for access to electrical operating areas shall be at least 0.7 m (2 ft 4 in)
wide and 2.0 m (6-1/2 ft) high, open outward, and have a means (e.g., panic bolts or panic bars) to allow
REPRODUCTION
opening from the insideOR DISTRIBUTION
without WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INC.
the use of a key or tool.
28 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
28 Wiring Inside an Enclosed Machine
28.1 The wiring inside an enclosed machine shall comply with the requirements for internal wiring in the
29 Wiring Outside Enclosed Machinery
29.1 General
29.1.1 Flexible cords, cables, or connectors may be used to interconnect individual portions of the
equipment forming a set or system. The cords, cables or connectors shall
a) Not become a shock hazard as a result of the exposure of energized parts when any cord or
cable connector is withdrawn from its receptacle;
b) Be arranged, by terminal configuration or other means, so as to minimize the possibility of an

unintentional connection that could be hazardous; and
c) Have a first-make, last-break grounding connection where intended to be disconnected while

energized.
29.2 Component requirements
29.2.1 Wiring outside enclosures shall be one of the following:
a) Wiring and Cables complying with the requirements for internal wiring in the Standard for
Industrial Control Panels, UL 508A;
b) A Flexible Cord complying with the requirements for field wiring, power circuits in the Standard
for Industrial Control Panels, UL 508A;
c) Single and Multipole Connectors complying with the requirements for field wiring, power circuits
in the Standard for Industrial Control Panels, UL 508A; or
d) Plugs and Receptacles:
1) Plugs complying with the requirements in the Standard for Attachment Plugs and
Receptacles, UL 498 or Appliance Couplers for Household and Similar General Purposes –
Part 1: General Requirements, UL 60320-1.
2) Receptacles complying with the requirements for field wiring, power circuits in the
30 Sizing
30.1 The sizing of conductors shall comply with the requirements for sizing field wiring in the Standard
for Industrial Control Panels, UL 508A.
31 Wiring Methods
31.1 Wiring on the machine that is not housed within an enclosure shall be enclosed in raceways unless
they are located and supported in accordance with the requirements of 31.5 and 31.6.
31.2
ULACOPYRIGHTED
strain relief bushing or conduit hub shall
MATERIAL – NOTcomply with the requirements
AUTHORIZED FORin FURTHER
the Standard for
Conduit, Tubing, and Cable Fittings, UL 514B.
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 29
Exception: A strain relief bushing that complies with the requirements in the Standard for Industrial Control
Equipment, UL 508.
31.3 The enclosure type of a strain relief bushing or conduit hub installed on an enclosure for wiring
outside the enclosure shall comply with requirements for enclosure openings in the Standard for Industrial
Control Panels, UL 508A.
31.4 Percentage Fills of Raceways. The combined cross-sectional area of all conductors and cables
shall not exceed 50 percent of the interior cross-sectional area of the raceway. The fill provisions shall be
based on the actual dimensions of the conductors or cables and the simultaneous load.
31.5 Exposed cables installed along the structure of the equipment or system or in the chases of the
machinery shall be permitted. Exposed cables shall be installed to closely follow the surface and structural
members of the machinery.
31.6 Cables shall be supported by the equipment or system structure as follows:
a) In such a manner that the cable will not be damaged by normal equipment use;
b) Every 305 mm (12 in) in a nonvertical run;
Exception: The supporting distance shall be permitted to be increased up to 914 mm (36 in) where
the structure of the machine or system makes support impractical every 305 mm (12 in).
c) Every 914 mm (36 in) in a vertical run; and
Exception: Supporting distance shall be permitted to be increased to 2.44 m (96 in), where the
structure of the machine or system makes support impractical every 914 mm (36 in).
d) When suspended in air spanning a distance up to 457mm (18 in).
Exception: Span distance shall be permitted to be increased up to 914 mm (36 in), where the
structure of the machine or system makes support impractical every 457 mm (18 in).
31.7 Flexible conduit or multiconductor cable with flexible properties shall be used where it is necessary
to employ flexible connections to pendant pushbutton stations.
31.8 The weight of the pendant stations shall be supported by means other than the flexible conduit or
the multiconductor cable with flexible properties, except where the conduit or cable is specifically designed
for that purpose.
31.9 Flexible conduit or multiconductor cable with flexible properties shall be used for connections
involving small or infrequent movements.
31.10 The insulation on wiring shall be at least 1/32 inch (0.8 mm) thick, if the wiring is subjected to
movement, flexing, handling, or manipulation during its intended use, or during mechanical use. The
insulation shall be rated for use in 70°C (158°F) applications or better.
31.11 They shall also be permitted to complete the connection to stationary motors, position switches,
and other externally mounted devices.
31.12 Where prewired devices (e. g., position switches, proximity switches) are supplied, the integral
cable shall not be required to be enclosed in a raceway.
30 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
32 Separation of Circuits
32.1 The separation of conductors shall comply with the requirements for field wiring, separation of
circuits in the Standard for Industrial Control Panels, UL 508A.
33 Connections to Frequently Moving Parts
33.1 Connection to moving elements of the machine
33.1.1 Connections to moving parts shall be made using conductors in accordance with 33.1
33.1.2 The insulation on wiring shall be at least 1/32 inch (0.8 mm) thick, if the wiring is subjected to
movement, flexing, handling, or manipulation during its intended use, or during mechanical use. The
insulation shall be rated for use in 70°C (158°F) applications or better.
33.1.3 Cables with flexible properties subject to movement shall be supported in such a way that there is
neither mechanical strain on the connection points nor any sharp flexing.
33.1.4 When this is achieved by the use of a loop, it shall provide for the cable with a bending radius of at
least 10 times the diameter of cable.
33.1.5 Cable with flexible properties of machines shall be installed or protected so as to minimize the
possibility of external damage due to factors that include the following cable use or potential abuse:
a) Being run over by the machine itself;
b) Being run over by vehicles or other machines;
c) Coming into contact with the machine structure during movements;
d) Running in and out on cable baskets or on or off cable drums;
e) Acceleration forces and wind forces on festoon systems or suspended cables;
f) Excessive rubbing by cable collector; and
g) Exposure to an excessive radiated heat source.
33.1.6 Where cables subject to movement are close to moving parts, precautions shall be taken to
maintain a space of at least 25.4 mm (1 in.) between the moving parts and the cables. Where that distance
is not practicable, fixed barriers or cable tracks shall be provided between the cables and the moving
parts.
34 Cable Handling System
34.1 The cable handling system shall be so designed that lateral cable angles do not exceed 5 degrees,
avoiding torsion in the cable when being wound on and off cable drums and approaching and leaving
cable guidance devices.
34.2 Measures shall be taken to ensure that at least two turns of flexible cables always remain on a
drum.
34.3 Devices serving to guide and carry a cable with flexible properties shall be designed so that the
UL
inner COPYRIGHTED
bending MATERIAL
radius is not less than – NOT
6 times the cable AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER
diameter.
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 31
Exception: A smaller bending radius shall be permitted if the cable is identified for the purpose.
34.4 The straight section between two bends shall be at least 20 times the diameter of the cable.
35 Dismantling for Shipment
35.1 Where it is necessary that wiring be disconnected for shipment and where practicable, terminals or
attachment plug and receptacle (plug/socket) combinations shall be provided at the sectional points.
35.2 Such terminals shall be suitably enclosed and attachment plug and receptacle (plug/socket)
combinations shall be protected from the physical environment during transportation and storage.
35.3 Raceway and enclosure openings shall be sealed prior to shipment. With power on the system,
there shall be no shock hazard present on the exposed male pins of either part of an unplugged
attachment plug and receptacle (plug/socket) combination.
36 Raceways
36.1 Raceways includes wireways, cable trays, conduits, and other methods of routing conductors and
are as defined in 2.32.
36.2 Installation requirements for raceways shall be in accordance with the rules of the NFPA 70 and as
supplemented by the 36.3 – 36.8.
36.3 Raceways fabricated as part of the machine shall be in accordance with the requirements of the
NFPA 70 or comply with the requirements of 36.5.
36.4 Covers shall be shaped to overlap the sides; gaskets shall be permitted. Covers shall be attached
to wireways by hinges or chains and held closed by means of captive screws or other suitable fasteners.
On horizontal wireway, the cover shall not be on the bottom.
36.5 Where required by 36.3, raceways fabricated as part of the machine shall meet the following
requirements:
a) Wireways (cable trunking systems) external to enclosures shall be rigidly supported and clear of
all moving or contaminating portions of the machine;
b) Covers shall be attached to wireways by hinges or chains and held closed by means of captive
screws or other suitable fasteners;
c) Hinged covers shall be capable of opening at least 90 degrees;
d) The only openings permitted shall be those required for wiring or for drainage; and
e) Metal thickness and construction of wireways shall comply with UL 870.
36.6 Where necessary, additional protection consisting of a flame-retardant, oil resistant insulating
material shall be provided to protect conductor insulation.
36.7 Drain holes shall not be permitted in raceways, junction boxes, and pull boxes where the holes
would compromise the intended enclosure integrity. Drain holes of 6.4 mm (1/4 in.) diameter shall be
permitted in wireways, connection boxes, and other boxes used for wiring purposes that are subject to
accumulations of oil or moisture.MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER
UL COPYRIGHTED
32 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
36.8 Expansion fittings shall be installed to compensate for thermal expansion and contraction.
37 Machine Compartments and Wireways
37.1 The use of compartments or wireways within the column or base of a machine to enclose
conductors shall be permitted, provided the compartments or wireways are isolated from coolant or oil
reservoirs and are entirely enclosed. Conductors run in enclosed compartments or wireways shall be
secured and arranged so that they are not subject to damage.
38 Connection Boxes and Other Boxes
38.1 Connection boxes and other boxes used for wiring purposes shall be readily accessible for
maintenance. Those boxes shall provide protection against the ingress of solid bodies and liquids, taking
into account the external influences under which the machine is intended to operate.
38.2 Those boxes shall not have opened but unused knockouts or any other openings and shall be
constructed so as to exclude materials such as dust, flyings, oil, and coolant.
39 Motor Connection Boxes
39.1 Motor connection boxes shall enclose only connections to the motor and motor-mounted devices
(e.g., brakes, temperature sensors, plugging switches, tachometer generators).
40 Electric Motors
40.1 General
40.1.1 A motor shall be evaluated for the application and shall be capable of driving the maximum
normal load of the product without introducing a risk of fire, electric shock, or injury to persons. Electric
motors shall be provided with suitable branch-circuit protection and overload protection.
Exception: A motor located entirely within the low-voltage limited energy circuit or Class 2 circuit is not
required to be investigated.
40.1.2 Motors shall have an Enclosure Type as required for their working environment and the
application in the machinery.
40.2 Motor mounting and compartments
40.2.1 Each motor and its associated couplings, belts and pulleys, or chains and sprockets shall be
mounted so that they are adequately protected from physical damage and are easily accessible for
inspection, maintenance, adjustment and alignment, lubrication, and replacement. The motor mounting
arrangement shall be so that all motor hold-down means are removable and all terminal boxes are
accessible. An adjustable base or other means of adjustment shall be provided when belt or chain drives
are used.
40.2.2 Motors shall be mounted so that proper cooling is ensured and the temperature rise remains
within the limits of the insulation class.
40.2.3 Motor compartments shall be clean and dry, and, when required, shall be ventilated directly to the
exterior of the machine. The vents shall be located so that ingress of swarf, dust, or water spray is at an
UL COPYRIGHTED
acceptable level. MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 33
40.3 Direction arrow
40.3.1 Where reverse rotation produces an unsafe condition or causes damage to connected equipment,
a direction arrow shall be installed. The arrow shall be adjacent to the motor and plainly visible.
41 Mechanical Brakes
41.1 Protective devices for mechanical brakes
41.1.1 Operation of the overload and overcurrent protective devices for mechanical brake actuators shall
initiate the simultaneous de-energization (release) of the associated machine actuators.
42 Machine Lighting
42.1 Machine lighting circuits shall comply with the following:
a) One conductor of all machine lighting and maintenance lighting circuits shall be grounded. The
grounded conductor(s) shall be colored white or incorporate a white tracer color in accordance with
the requirements of the NFPA 70.
b) Where the lighting circuit is supplied by a separate isolation transformer, one terminal of the
secondary of the transformer shall be directly connected to the equipment grounding circuit.
c) The grounded conductor, where run to a screw-shell lampholder, shall be connected to the
screw-shell.
d) Lampholders shall not incorporate a switch or receptacle.
e) Machine work lights shall not contain switches or receptacles where exposed to liquids or
condensing mists unless identified for the purpose.
f) Work lights used in wet locations shall be provided with Class A ground-fault protection.
g) Stroboscopic effects from lights shall be avoided.
h) The conductors to stationary lights used as an integral part of the machine shall be Type MTW,
and the conductors within the fixtures shall be not smaller than 18 AWG.
i) Flexible cords shall be Type SO, STO, or STOW or Type SJO, SJOW, or SJTO and shall not
incorporate in-line switches.
43 Lighting Fixtures
43.1 Adjustable lighting fixtures shall be suitable for the physical environment.
43.2 The lampholders shall be as follows:
a) Rated for the voltage and wattage of the lamp; and
b) Constructed with an insulating material protecting the lamp so as to prevent unintentional

contact.
43.3 Reflectors and protectors shall be supported by a bracket and not the lampholder.

34 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
44 Lighting Circuits
44.1 Protection
44.1.1 Local lighting circuits shall be separately protected with overcurrent protection and shall not
exceed 15 amperes.
44.1.2 Lighting circuits shall have overcurrent protection in accordance with 44.1.1 and shall be supplied
from one of the following sources:
a) A separate isolating transformer connected to the load side of the supply disconnecting means.
Overcurrent protection shall be provided in the secondary circuit;
b) A separate isolating transformer connected to the line side of the supply disconnecting means
shall be permitted for the supply of a maintenance lighting circuit in control enclosures only.
Overcurrent protection shall be provided in the secondary circuit;
c) A grounded machine circuit that has separate overcurrent protection and does not exceed 150
volts to ground shall be permitted;
d) An isolating transformer connected to the line side of the supply disconnecting device where a
separate primary disconnecting means and secondary overcurrent protection are provided and
mounted either externally immediately adjacent to the control enclosure or within the control
enclosure adjacent to the supply disconnecting device ; and
e) An externally supplied lighting circuit (e. g., factory lighting supply). This shall be permitted in
control enclosures and for the machine work light(s) where the total power rating does not exceed
3 kW.
45 Certified ISO Type Shipping Containers
45.1 General
45.1.1 ISO type shipping containers used for machinery shall meet the requirements of the International
Convention for Safe Containers (Geneva, 2 December 1972). Safety approved containers under the
convention shall meet the requirements of 45.2 – 45.5. Containers that are not safety approved under the
convention shall comply with ANNEX II, STRUCTURAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS, of the
International Convention for Safe Containers (Geneva, 2 December 1972) or ISO 1496-1, Series 1 freight
containers – Specification and testing – Part 1: General cargo containers for general purposes.
45.2 Markings
45.2.1 A Safety Approval Plate must be permanently affixed to every container at a readily visible place,
where it cannot be easily damaged. The Safety Approval Plate shall take the form of a permanent, non-
corrosive, fire-proof rectangular plate measuring not less than 200 mm by 100 mm. The words "CSC
Safety Approval" of a minimum letter height of 8 mm and all other words and numbers of a minimum height
of 5 mm shall be stamped into, embossed on or indicated on its surface in any other permanent and
legible way.
45.2.2 The Plate shall contain the following information:
a) "CSC SAFETY APPROVAL";
ULb)COPYRIGHTED
Country of approval and approval reference;
MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER
REPRODUCTION ORyear)
c) Date (month and DISTRIBUTION
of manufacture; WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INC.
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 35
d) Manufacturer's identification number of the container or, in the case of existing containers for
which that number is unknown, the number allotted by the Administration;
e) Maximum gross weight (kilograms and lbs.);
f) Allowable stacking weight for 1.8 g (kilograms and lbs); and
g) Transverse racking test load value.
45.3 Loading
45.3.1 The mass of the machinery (including the container and its contents and any affixed ancillary
equipment) shall not exceed the maximum operating gross mass of the container.
45.4 Modifications of approved containers
45.4.1 Where the owner of one or more containers of an approved design type wishes to make a
modification which could affect safety, he shall apply to the authorized organization which granted the
approval. Alternatively, the owner may apply to another authorized organization in which case the owner
shall provide them with all relevant documents relating to the original approval. The authorized
organization, if it gives its consent in writing to the modification, may do so without requiring further tests to
be carried out on the container or the original design type, if it is satisfied that no materially different test
results would be obtained from those of the original design type. If an approval under this paragraph is
given by an authorized organization which did not grant the original approval, a new approval number
should be allocated and the owner should be notified that this has been done.
NOTE: The ISO standards and ISO certification only provide performance specifications for unaltered freight containers.
45.5 Removal of safety approval plate when no longer valid
45.5.1 The owner of a container must remove the Safety Approval Plate on a container if:
a) The container has been modified in a manner which would void the original approval and the
information found on the Safety Approval Plate; or
b) The container is removed from service and is not being maintained in accordance with this Part;
c) Approval has been withdrawn.
PERFORMANCE
46 General
46.1 Machinery shall be subjected to the tests indicated in Table 46.1. The table indicates those tests
which are to be conducted in a particular sequence.

36 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
Table 46.1
Sequence of tests for machinerya
Standard Test 1 2b 3 4
Reference Sequence Sequence Sequence Sequence
section
47 Temperature 1
48 Dielectric Voltage- 2
Withstand
51 Resistance Measurementc 1
c
52 Insulation Resistance 2
48 Dielectric Voltage- 3
Withstandc
53 Residual Voltage 4
Protectionc
54 Leakage Currentc 5
c
55 Functional 6
49 Emergency and Safety 1
Component Stop
Operationc
50 Breakdown of 1
Components
a
All or any combination of sequences may be conducted on a single sample if agreeable to those concerned. More than one
sample may be used if more than one rating is being tested. One sequence need not be completed as a prerequisite to the starting
of another.
b
The test sequence No. 2 shall always include the Test 1, 2, 3 and 5 and may include Test 4 and/or 6.
c
These tests are optional and may be performed as part of the manufacturing and production tests indicated in Table 56.1 if
agreeable to those concerned.
47 Temperature Test
47.1 Machinery shall not attain a temperature at any point sufficiently high to constitute a risk of fire or to
adversely affect any materials employed in the equipment when tested in accordance with the
Temperature Test required by the Standard for Industrial Control Equipment, UL 508. The machinery shall
not show temperature rises above test ambient greater than those specified in UL 508.
Exception No. 1: As an alternative to 47.1, a temperature probe or infrared gun may be used to determine
the need for an additional temperature test with thermocouples.
Exception No. 2: The test is not required on motors provided with suitable Branch Circuit Protection and
Overload Protection in accordance with the Standard for Industrial Control Panels, UL 508A.
Exception No. 3: The test is not required if the duty cycle of the machine is low enough to not generate any
heat, and/or the assembly is using all suitably Listed or Recognized components within their ratings.
47.2 A motor located in a hazardous circuit (a circuit operating at greater than 8 A short circuit and 30 V
ac) shall not show excessive temperature as defined in 47.1 when the machinery undergoes the
Temperature Test. A motor is to be evaluated as a Class 105 insulation system, unless the motor is
provided with an insulation system having a higher rating and found suitable for its class.
47.3 During the temperature test, the temperature of a surface that may be contacted by the user shall
be no more than the value in Table 47.1.
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 37
Table 47.1
Maximum Surface temperature
Location Composition of Surface

Metal Nonmetallic
Handles or knobs which are grasped for lifting, carrying, or holding. 50°C (122°F) 60°C (140°F)
Handles or knobs which are contacted, but do not involve lifting, carrying, or holding and other 60°C (140°F) 85°C (185°F)
surfaces subject to contact and user maintenance in normal use.
Surfaces subject to accidental contact. 70°C (180°F) 95°C (203°F)
Note: A handle, knob or the like made of a material other than metal, which is plated or clad with metal having a thickness of 0.005
inch or less is considered to be a nonmetallic part.
48 Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test
48.1 While at its maximum normal operating temperature (immediately following the Temperature Test,
Section 47), machinery shall withstand without breakdown the application of a potential as defined in the
Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test in the Standard for Industrial Control Equipment, UL 508.
49 Emergency Stop and Safety Component Stop Test
49.1 An emergency stop (see Section 63) or a safety component shall stop operation of the machinery
when tested in accordance with 49.2.
49.2 The machinery is to be operated at rated voltage until maximum speed is reached. Each
emergency stop button or safety component is to be actuated separately. The machinery shall stop
operating within 2 seconds of depressing the stop button or actuating the safety component.
50 Breakdown of Components Test
50.1 A capacitor, diode, or other solid-state component whose failure may result in a risk of fire or electric
shock is to be subjected to the Breakdown of Components Test required by the Standard for Industrial
Control Equipment, UL 508.
Exception: The test is not required:
a) If circuit analysis indicates that no other component or portion of the circuit will be seriously
overloaded as a result of the assumed open circuiting or short circuiting of another component.
b) For components located entirely within the low-voltage limited energy circuit or Class 2 circuit.
51 Resistance Measurement
51.1 The resistance between two parts connected by a bonding conductor or metal-to-metal contact
shall not be more than 0.1 ohm. The resistance is to be determined by a resistance measuring instrument,
except that if unacceptable results are recorded, an alternating or direct current of at least 20 amperes
from a power supply of not more than 12 volts is to be passed from the point of connection of the
equipment grounding means to the metal part in the grounding circuit. The resulting drop in potential and
the test current are to be measured between the two points. The resistance in ohms is to be determined by
dividing the drop in potential in volts by the current in amperes.

38 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
52 Insulation Resistance Test
52.1 The insulation resistance measured at 500 volts dc between the power circuit conductors and the
equipment grounding circuit shall not be less than 1 MΩ. The test shall be permitted to be made on
individual sections of the machine.
53 Residual Voltage Protection Test
53.1 Live parts having a residual voltage greater than 60 volts after the supply has been disconnected
shall be reduced to 60 volts or less within 5 seconds after disconnection of the supply voltage.
Exception No. 1: Exempted from this requirement are components having a stored charge of 60
microcoulombs or less.
Exception No. 2: Where such a provision would interfere with the functioning of the equipment, a durable
safety sign drawing attention to the hazard and stating the delay required before entry to the enclosure is
allowed shall be displayed at an easily visible location on or immediately adjacent to the enclosure
containing the capacitance.
53.2 The withdrawal of plugs or similar devices, which results in the exposure of conductors (e.g., pins),
shall have a discharge time that does not exceed 1 second.
Exception No. 1: Exempted from this requirement are components having a stored charge of 60
microcoulombs or less.
Exception No. 2: Exempted from this requirement are conductors that are protected against direct contact.
53.3 Capacitors shall be provided with a means of discharging stored energy.
53.4 The residual voltage of a capacitor shall be reduced to 50 volts, nominal, or less, within 1 minute
after the capacitor is disconnected from the source of supply.
53.5 The discharge circuit shall be either permanently connected to the terminals of the capacitor or
capacitor bank or provided with automatic means of connecting it to the terminals of the capacitor bank on
removal of voltage from the line. Manual means of switching or connecting the discharge circuit shall not
be used.
54 Leakage Current Test
54.1 The leakage current of cord-and-plug-connected equipment rated for a nominal 120-, 208-, or
240-V supply shall not be more than 3.5 mA for grounded, 3-wire, portable and stationary equipment
employing a standard attachment plug rated 20 A, or less, when tested in accordance with the Leakage
Current Test required by the Standard for Industrial Control Equipment, UL 508.
54.2 Leakage current refers to all currents, including capacitively coupled currents, that may be
conveyed between exposed conductive surfaces of the equipment and ground or other exposed surfaces
of the equipment.
55 Functional Test
55.1 The functions of electrical equipment, particularly those related to safety and safeguarding, shall be
ULforCOPYRIGHTED
tested proper operation. MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 39
MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCTION TESTS
56 General
56.1 Prior to being shipped from the manufacturing facility, machinery shall be subjected to the tests
indicated in Table 56.1.
Table 56.1
Manufacturing and production tests for machinery
Standard Test Sequence No. 1a Sequence No. 2

Reference
Section
51 Resistance Measurement 1
52 Insulation Resistance 2
57 Dielectric Voltage-Withstand 3
53 Residual Voltage Protection 4
54 Leakage Current 5
55 Functional 6
49 Emergency and Safety Component Stop Operation 1
a
The test sequence No. 1 shall always include the Test 1, 2, 3 and 5 and may include Test 4 and/or 6.
57 Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test
57.1 The machinery shall withstand without electrical breakdown, as a routine production-line test, the
application of a potential at a frequency within the range of 40 – 70 hertz, or a dc potential
a) Between the primary wiring, including connected components, and accessible dead metal parts
that are likely to become energized; and
b) Between primary wiring and accessible low-voltage (30 volts rms ac, 42.4 volts peak or less)
parts, including terminals.
Exception: This test is not required for low-voltage limited energy and Class 2 circuits.
57.2 The production-line test shall be conducted in the time and at the potential specified in either
Condition A or Condition B of Table 57.1.
Table 57.1
Production-line test conditions
Condition A Condition B
Potential, Time, Potential, Time,
Product rating volts AC volts DC seconds volts AC volts DC seconds
250 volts or less with no motor rated 1000 1400 60 1200 1700 1
more than 1/2 horsepower (373 watts
output)
250 volts or less with a motor rated 1000 + 2Va 1400 + 2.8Va 60 1200 + 2.4Va 1700 + 3.4Va 1
more than 1/2 horsepower (373 watts
output)

REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT
Table 57.1 Continued PERMISSION FROM UL INC.
on Next Page
40 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
Table 57.1 Continued
Condition A Condition B
Potential, Time, Potential, Time,
Product rating volts AC volts DC seconds volts AC volts DC seconds
251 – 600 volts 1000 + 2Vb 1400 + 2.8Vb 60 1200 + 2.4Vb 1700 + 3.4Vb 1
a
Maximum marked voltage but not less than 120 volts if the maximum marked voltage is within the range 105 – 120 volts, and not
less than 240 volts if the maximum marked voltage is within the range 210 – 240 volts.
b
Maximum marked voltage.
57.3 The machinery may be in a heated or unheated condition for the test.
57.4 The test shall be conducted when the machinery is complete (fully assembled). It is not intended
that the machinery be unwired, modified, or disassembled for the test.
Exception No. 1: A part, such as a surge arrester, snap-cover, or friction-fit knob, that would interfere with
performance of the test need not be in place.
Exception No. 2: The test may be performed before final assembly if the test represents that for the
completed equipment.
Exception No. 3: The test may be performed on modules or sections if the test represents that for the
completed equipment.
Exception No. 4: A product employing a solid-state component that is not relied upon to reduce a risk of
electric shock and that can be damaged by the dielectric potential may be tested before the component is
electrically connected. However, a random sampling of each day's production is to be tested at the
potential specified in Table 57.1. The circuitry may be rearranged for the purpose of the test to reduce the
likelihood of solid-state-component damage while retaining representative dielectric stress of the circuit.
57.5 The test equipment shall have a means of:
a) Indicating the test potential,
b) An audible or visual indicator of electrical breakdown, and
c) Either a manually reset device to restore the equipment after electrical breakdown or an
automatic reject feature of any noncomplying unit.
57.6 When an AC test potential is applied, the test equipment shall include a transformer having an
essentially sinusoidal output.
57.7 If the output of the test equipment transformer is less than 500 VA, the equipment shall include a
voltmeter in the output circuit to directly indicate the test potential.
57.8 If the output of the test-equipment transformer is 500 volt-amperes or more, the test potential may
be indicated:
a) By a voltmeter in the primary circuit or in a tertiary-winding circuit;
b) By a selector switch marked to indicate the test potential; or
ULc)COPYRIGHTED
For equipment having MATERIAL – NOT
a single test-potential AUTHORIZED
output, by a marking in a FOR
readily FURTHER
visible location to
indicate the test potential. If a marking is used without an indicating voltmeter, the equipment shall
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 41
include a positive means, such as an indicator lamp, to indicate that the manually reset switch has
been reset following a dielectric breakdown.
57.9 Test equipment other than that described in 57.5 – 57.8 may be used if found to accomplish the
intended factory control.
57.10 During the test, all switches are to be in the on position, all live parts of the machinery are to be
connected together and to one terminal of the test equipment. The second test equipment terminal is to be
connected to the accessible dead-metal parts of the equipment.
MARKING
58 General
58.1 Markings provided on general use machinery shall be in accordance with the Standard for General
Use Industrial Control Panels, UL 508A, PART 1, Markings.
58.2 When the required technical documentation is provided by electronic media it shall meet the
following conditions:
a) Where all required technical documentation is provided by electronic media, there shall be
marking on the machinery that contains the international symbol (Reference No. 0434B of ISO
7000), along with the document number, revision level and location of the electronic documentation
(e.g. URL, QRcode).
b) Where only some of the required technical documentation is provided by electronic media and
some is printed:
1) there shall be marking on the machinery that contains the international (Reference
No. 0434B of ISO 7000), along with the document number, revision level and location of the
electronic documentation (e.g. URL, QRcode); and
2) the printed instructions provided with the machinery shall clearly identify that additional
information is available electronically, along with the document number, revision level and
location of this electronic documentation (e.g. URL, QRcode).
NOTE: When electronic documentation is referenced either on the machinery or on the printed instructions, the location given can be
the specific location for the required instructions (e.g. direct link to the specific instructions), or can be a more general location. (e.g.
the URL for the overall manufacturer’s website). It is the manufacturer’s responsibility to assure that the location of the required
instructions is accessible by the user.
58.3 Where a QRcode is used to provide the required technical documentation, and the QRcode
contains all the required technical documentation (as opposed to merely referencing a URL that contains
the required instructional material), a document number and revision level need not be indicated.
58.4 Where some or all of the required technical documentation is provided by electronic media, the
required technical documentation shall be available in printed format upon request of the user.

42 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
PART 2 – SPECIFIC INDUSTRIAL MACHINES
INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY
59 General
59.1 These requirements cover industrial machinery (NFPA 79, Electrical Standard for Machinery). The
following types of machines are identified as industrial machinery:
a) Machine Tools;
b) Plastics Machinery;
c) Wood Machinery;
d) Assembly Machines;
e) Material-Handling Machines;
f) Inspection/Testing Machines;
g) Packaging Machines;
h) Pick and Place Machines;
i) Factory Automation Equipment; and
j) Car Wash Systems.
59.2 Control panels which form a portion of Industrial Machinery shall comply, either alone or in
conjunction with the machinery, with the requirements for industrial machinery panels in the Standard for
59.3 Industrial Machinery shall comply with the requirements in Sections 7 – 58 and also with the
requirements in Sections 60 – 75, which supplement or modify the general-use machine requirements.
60 Wiring Inside Industrial Machinery Enclosures
60.1 The power wiring inside enclosed industrial machinery shall comply with the requirements for
internal wiring of power circuits in industrial machinery in the Standard for Industrial Control Panels, UL
508A.
60.2 The control wiring inside enclosed industrial machinery shall comply with the requirements for
internal wiring of control circuits in industrial machinery in the Standard for Industrial Control Panels, UL
508A.
60.3 Conductors shall be identified at each termination by number, letter, color (either solid or with one or
more stripes), or a combination thereof and shall correspond with the technical documentation as defined
in Section 74. Internal wiring on individual devices purchased completely wired shall not require additional
identification.
61 Wiring Outside Industrial Machinery Enclosures
61.1 The wiring outside an enclosed industrial machinery shall comply with the requirements for field
wiring in the Standard for Industrial Control Panels, UL 508A. Appliance Wiring Material (AWM) complying
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 43
with the requirements for conductors, cables, and flexible cords or special cables and conductors, in the
Electrical Standard for Industrial Machinery, NFPA 79, shall be permitted.
62 Operator Controls
62.1 General
62.1.1 Industrial Machinery shall be provided with operator controls, such as pushbuttons and selector
switches, and shall also be provided with emergency stop devices.
62.2 Suspension of safety functions
62.2.1 In addition to the requirements in Section 63, where it is necessary to suspend safety functions
and/or protective measures (for example for setting or maintenance purposes), protection shall be
ensured by a portable control station with an emergency stop device and, where appropriate, an enabling
device. Where a portable control station is in use, initiation of motion shall only be possible from that
control station.
63 Emergency Stop Devices
63.1 Both the emergency stop or actuator and the associated contact blocks shall comply with the
requirements in the Standard for Low-voltage Switchgear and Controlgear – Control Circuit Devices and
Switching Elements – Electrical Emergency Stop Device with Mechanical Latching Function, UL 60947-5-
5.
63.2 The stop shall be located so that it is accessible from any operating position.
63.3 The emergency stop required by 63.1 shall additionally comply with the Emergency Stop Operation
Test, Section 49.
63.4 Devices which are operated by an emergency stop button in 63.1, such as a relay, switch, or
programmable logic controller, shall be subjected to a risk assessment and functional safety evaluation as
described in Appendix FS.
64 Emergency Functions
64.1 The emergency functions are:
a) Identified as:
1) Emergency stop;
2) Emergency start;
3) Emergency switching off; and
4) Emergency switching on.
b) Initiated by a single human action.
64.2 Once active operation of an emergency stop or emergency switching off actuator has ceased
following a command, the effect of this command shall be sustained until it is reset. This reset shall be
possible only by a manual action at that location where the command has been initiated. The reset of the
command shall not restart the machinery but only permit restarting.
44 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
64.3 It shall not be possible to restart the machinery until all emergency stop commands have been
reset. It shall not be possible to reenergize the machinery until all emergency switching off commands
have been reset.
Note: Emergency stop and emergency switching off are complementary protective measures that are not primary means of risk
reduction for hazards (for example trapping, entanglement, electric shock or burn) at a machine.
64.4 Means for emergency switching, including emergency stopping, shall act as directly as possible on
the appropriate supply conductors. The arrangement shall be such that one single action only will cut off
the appropriate supply.
64.5 The arrangement of the emergency switching shall be such that its operation does not introduce a
further danger or interfere with the complete operation necessary to remove the danger.
64.6 Where a risk of electric shock is involved, the emergency switching device shall cut off all live
conductors.
64.7 The devices for emergency switching shall be capable of breaking the full-load current of the
relevant parts of the installation taking account of stalled motor currents where appropriate.
64.8 Means for emergency switching may consist of :
a) one switching device capable of directly cutting off the appropriate supply, or
b) a combination of equipment activated by a single action for the purpose of cutting off the
appropriate supply.
65 Emergency Stop
65.1 The emergency stop is intended to stop a process or a movement that has become hazardous.
65.2 The emergency stop shall function either as a stop category 0 or as a stop category 1. The choice
of the stop category of the emergency stop depends on the results of a risk assessment of the machine.
65.3 In addition to the requirements for stop (see Section 63), the emergency stop function has the
following requirements:
a) It shall override all other functions and operations in all modes;
b) Power to the machine actuators that can cause a hazardous situation(s) shall be either removed
immediately (stop category 0) or shall be controlled in such a way to stop the hazardous motion as
quickly as possible (stop category 1) without creating other hazards; and
c) Reset shall not initiate a restart.
65.4 For emergency stopping, retention of the supply may be necessary, for example, for braking of
moving parts.
65.5 Hand-operated switching devices for direct interruption of the main circuit shall be selected where
practicable.
65.6 Circuit-breakers, contactors, etc., operated by remote control shall open on de-energization of coils,
or other equivalent failure-to-safety methods shall be employed.
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 45
65.7 The means of operating (handles, push-buttons, etc.) devices for emergency switching shall be
clearly identified, preferably colored red with a contrasting background.
65.8 The means of operating shall be readily accessible at places where a danger might occur and,
where appropriate, at any additional remote position from which that danger can be removed.
65.9 The means of operation of a device for emergency switching shall be capable of latching or being
restrained in the "off" or "stop" position, unless both the means of operation for emergency switching and
for re-energizing are under the control of the same person.
65.10 The release of an emergency switching device shall not re-energize the relevant part of the
installation.
65.11 Devices for emergency switching, including emergency stopping, shall be so placed and marked
as to be readily identifiable and convenient for their intended use.
66 Emergency Switching Off
66.1 Emergency switching off shall be provided where:
a) Protection against direct contact (for example with conductor wires, conductor bars, slipring
assemblies, control gear in electrical operating areas) is achieved only by placing out of reach or by
obstacles; or
b) There is the possibility of other hazards or damage caused by electricity.
66.2 Emergency switching off is accomplished by switching off the relevant incoming supply by
electromechanical switching devices, effecting a stop category 0 of machine actuators connected to this
incoming supply. When a machine cannot tolerate this stop category 0 stop, it may be necessary to
provide other measures, for example protection against direct contact, so that emergency switching off is
not necessary.
67 Emergency Stop Devices and Operations
67.1 Devices for emergency stop shall be readily accessible.
68 Color of Actuators
68.1 Actuators of emergency stop devices shall be colored RED. If a background exists immediately
around the actuator, then this background shall be colored YELLOW.
68.2 The color RED for the emergency stop actuator shall not depend on the illumination source.
68.3 Emergency stop devices shall be located at each operator control station and at other locations
where the initiation of an emergency stop can be required (exception: see 23.7).
69 Types of Emergency Stop Devices
69.1 The types of device for emergency stop include:
a) A push-button operated switch with a palm or mushroom head type;

UL b)
COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL
A pull-cord operated switch; and – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER
46 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
c) Foot-operated switch without a mechanical guard.
69.2 The devices shall have direct opening operation.
69.3 Flat switches shall not be employed for emergency stop.
69.4 The supply disconnecting device may be locally operated to serve the function of emergency stop
when:
a) It is readily accessible to the operator; and
b) Complies with requirements for disconnect switches in the Standard for Industrial Control
Panels, UL 508A.
69.5 When also intended for such use, the supply disconnecting device shall meet the color
requirements of Section 68.
70 Emergency Switching Off Devices
70.1 Location of emergency switching off devices
70.1.1 Emergency switching off devices shall be located as necessary for the given application.
Normally, those devices will be located separate from operator control stations. Where it is necessary to
provide a control station with an emergency stop device and an emergency switching off device, means
shall be provided to avoid confusion between these devices.
Note: This can be achieved by, for example, the provision of a break-glass enclosure for the emergency switching off device.
70.1.2 Once active operation of an emergency stop or emergency switching off actuator has ceased
following a command, the effect of this command shall be sustained until it is reset. This reset shall be
possible only by a manual action at that location where the command has been initiated. The reset of the
command shall not restart the machinery but only permit restarting.
70.1.3 It shall not be possible to restart the machinery until all emergency stop commands have been
reset. It shall not be possible to reenergize the machinery until all emergency switching off commands
have been reset.
71 Surge Protective Devices
71.1 Surge protective devices (SPDs) shall be permitted to be provided to protect against the effects of
overvoltages due to lightning or switching surges. Industrial machinery with safety related control systems
not effectively protected from the effects of overvoltages due to lightning or switching surges shall have
surge protection installed.
Exception: SPDs shall not be required where the risks associated with the effects of overvoltages are
mitigated such that the safety performance determined by a risk assessment is met.
71.2 Where provided, SPDs shall be connected in accordance with product markings and installation
instructions.
71.3 The type of SPD provided shall be suitable for the circuit location within the electrical equipment of
the industrial machinery. Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 SPDs shall be Listed devices.
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 47
71.4 Where the SPD is located on the line side of the service disconnect overcurrent protection, a Type 1
SPD shall be provided,
71.5 Where the SPD is located on the load side of the service disconnect overcurrent protection, feeder
circuit, or separately derived system, a Type 1 or Type 2 SPD shall be provided. Where Type 2 SPDs are
provided, the SPD shall be on the load side of an overcurrent protective device.
71.6 Where the SPD is located on the load side of the branch-circuit overcurrent protective device, a
Type 1,Type 2, or Type 3 SPD shall be provided. Where Type 3 SPDs are provided and where included in
the manufacturer’s instructions, the Type 3 SPD connection shall be a minimum of 10 m (30 ft) of
conductor distance from the service or separately derived system disconnect.
71.7 Component assembly SPDs (Type 1, 2, or 3) shall be applied in accordance with 71.4 through 71.6
and any additional conditions of use specified by the device manufacturer. Where a Type 4 component
assembly SPD or other component type is used, it shall be identified as suitable for the intended use.
71.8 The SPD shall be marked with a short-circuit current rating and shall not be installed at a point on
the system where the available fault current is in excess of that rating.
MARKINGS
72 General
72.1 Markings provided on machinery shall be in accordance with the requirements for industrial
machinery panels in the Standard for Industrial Control Panels, UL 508A, and also with the requirements
in Section 73.
72.2 The nameplate for the main control panel of the machine shall include the marking “Control Panel
for Industrial Machinery” or the equivalent.
73 Arc Flash
73.1 Electrical equipment for industrial machines, such as industrial control panels and the enclosures of
disconnecting devices, shall be marked with a safety sign in accordance with ANSI Z535.4 to warn
qualified persons of potential electric shock and arc flash hazards.
73.2 The marking shall be located so as to be clearly visible to qualified persons before examination,
adjustment, servicing, or maintenance of the equipment. The machine shall be marked with the following
or equivalent marking:
WARNING: ARC FLASH AND SHOCK HAZARD.
73.3 A suitable label example is as shown in Figure 73.1.

48 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
Figure 73.1
Warning label
WARNING
Arc Flash and Shock Hazard
su3496
74 Technical Documentation
74.1 General
74.1.1 The information necessary for installation, operation, and maintenance of the electrical equipment
of a machine shall be supplied in the appropriate forms, for example, drawings, diagrams, charts, tables,
instructions. The information provided may vary with the complexity of the electrical equipment. For very
simple equipment, the relevant information may be contained in one document, provided that the
document shows all the devices of the electrical equipment and enables the connections to the supply
network to be made.
74.1.2 The technical documentation provided with items of electrical equipment can form part of the
documentation of the electrical equipment of the machine. When technical documentation is provided by
electronic media it shall comply with 58.2.
74.1.3 The information package provided with the machine shall include:
a) A main document (parts list or list of documents);
b) Complementary documents including:
i) A clear, comprehensive description of the equipment, installation and mounting, and the
connection to the electrical supply(ies);
ii) Electrical supply(ies) requirements;
iii) Information on the physical environment (for example lighting, vibration, noise levels,
atmospheric contaminants) where appropriate;
iv) Overview (block) diagram(s) where appropriate;
v) Circuit diagram(s);
vi) Information on handling, transportation and storage;
UL COPYRIGHTED
vii) Guidance on MATERIAL
the adjustment, –maintenance,
NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER
and repair, particularly of the protective
REPRODUCTION ORcircuits;
devices and DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INC.
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 49
viii) A description (including interconnection diagrams) of the safeguards, interlocking

functions, and interlocking of guards against hazards, particularly for machines operating in
a coordinated manner;
ix) Instructions on the procedures for securing the machine for safe maintenance;
x) Information regarding load currents, peak starting currents and permitted voltage drops,
as applicable;
xi) Information on the residual risks due to the protection measures adopted, indication of
whether any particular training is required and specification of any necessary personal
protective equipment.
74.2 Installation documents
74.2.1 The installation documents shall give all information necessary for the preliminary work of setting
up the machine (including commissioning). In complex cases, it may be necessary to refer to the assembly
drawings for details.
74.2.2 The recommended position, type, and size of the supply cables to be installed on site shall be
clearly indicated
74.2.3 The data necessary for choosing the type, characteristics, rated currents, and setting of the
overcurrent protective device(s) for the supply conductors to the electrical equipment of the machine shall
be stated.
74.2.4 Where necessary, the size, purpose, and location of any ducts in the foundation that are to be
provided by the user shall be detailed.
74.2.5 The size, type, and purpose of ducts, cable trays, or cable supports between the machine and the
associated equipment that are to be provided by the user shall be detailed.
74.2.6 Where necessary, the diagram shall indicate where space is required for the removal or servicing
of the electrical equipment.
74.2.7 In addition, where it is appropriate, an interconnection diagram or table shall be provided. That
diagram or table shall give full information about all external connections.
74.2.8 Where the electrical equipment is intended to be operated from more than one source of electrical
supply, the interconnection diagram or table shall indicate the modifications or interconnections required
for the use of each supply.
74.3 Overview diagrams and function diagrams
74.3.1 Where it is necessary to facilitate the understanding of the principles of operation, an overview
diagram shall be provided. An overview diagram symbolically represents the electrical equipment together
with its functional interrelationships without necessarily showing all of the interconnections.
74.4 Circuit diagrams
74.4.1 A circuit diagram (s) shall be provided. This diagram (s) shall show the electrical circuits on the
machine and its associated electrical equipment. The symbols and identification of components and
UL COPYRIGHTED
devices MATERIAL
shall be consistent throughout – NOT
all documents AUTHORIZED
and on the machine. FOR FURTHER
50 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
74.4.2 Where appropriate, a diagram showing the terminals for interface connections shall be provided.
That diagram may be used in conjunction with the circuit diagram(s) for simplification. The diagram should
contain a reference to the detailed circuit diagram of each unit shown.
74.4.3 Switch symbols shall be shown on the electromechanical diagrams with all supplies turned off (for
example electricity, air, water, lubricant) and with the machine and its electrical equipment ready for a
normal start.
74.4.4 Conductors shall be identified in accordance with 60.3.
74.4.5 Circuits shall be shown in such a way as to facilitate the understanding of their function as well as
maintenance and fault location. Characteristics relating to the function of the control devices and
components which are not evident from their symbolic representation shall be included on the diagrams
adjacent to the symbol or referenced to a footnote.
74.5 Operating manual
74.5.1 The technical documentation shall contain an operating manual detailing proper procedures for
set-up and use of the electrical equipment. Particular attention should be given to the safety measures
provided.
74.5.2 Where the operation of the equipment can be programmed, detailed information on methods of
programming, equipment required, program verification, and additional safety procedures (where
required) shall be provided.
74.6 Maintenance manual
74.6.1 The technical documentation shall contain a maintenance manual detailing proper procedures for
adjustment, servicing and preventive inspection, and repair. Recommendations on maintenance/service
intervals and records should be part of that manual.
74.6.2 Where methods for the verification of proper operation are provided (for example software testing
programs), the use of those methods shall be detailed.
74.6.3 The parts list, where provided, shall comprise, as a minimum, information necessary for ordering
spare or replacement parts (for example components, devices, software, test equipment, technical
documentation) required for preventive or corrective maintenance including those that are recommended
to be carried in stock by the user of the equipment.
INDUSTRIAL ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING MACHINES
75 General
75.1 These requirements cover industrial additive manufacturing machines where metal or polymeric
particulate solids are employed.
75.2 Industrial additive Manufacturing Machines shall comply with the requirements in Sections 7 – 58
and also with the requirements for Industrial Machinery in Sections 60 – 75 which supplement or modify
the general-use machine requirements.
75.3 Industrial additive Manufacturing Machines which employ combustible particulate solids, or
UL COPYRIGHTED
combustible MATERIAL
dust shall comply with – NOT
the requirements AUTHORIZED
in Appendix B. FOR FURTHER
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 51
75.4 Industrial additive manufacturing machines which employ lasers shall comply with the Code of
Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 21, Part 1040. The assessment shall be performed by the manufacturer
or UL. Compliance of laser products with the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 21, Part 1040, shall
be determined by:
a) Determining the Class of the laser product and the Class of the radiation emitted by the laser
product (as defined in the CFR) from the manufacturer's Center for Devices and Radiological
Health (CDRH) product report;
b) Verifying that the manufacturer’s markings and labels having the information specified in the
CFR are affixed on the laser product (as defined in the CFR);
c) Determining that the corresponding construction features, such as protective housing, interlocks,
and similar features, are provided in accordance with the CFR;
d) Determining that the resulting construction complies with the construction requirements of this
standard; and
e) Verifying that the manufacture’s safety instructions required by the CFR are provided with the
laser product (as defined in the CFR).
SEMICONDUCTOR EQUIPMENT
76 General
76.1 These requirements cover semiconductor equipment. The following types of equipment is identified
as semiconductor equipment:
a) Semiconductor Analysis and Measuring Equipment;
b) Semiconductor Automation and Wafer-Handling Equipment;
c) Semiconductor Process Equipment; and
d) Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment;
76.2 Control panels which form a portion of semiconductor equipment shall comply, either alone or in
conjunction with the machinery, with the requirements for industrial machinery panels in the Standard for
76.3 Semiconductor equipment shall comply with the requirements in Sections 7 – 58 and also with the
requirements in Sections 60 – 75, which supplement or modify the general-use machine requirements.
PART 3 – MACHINERY FOR HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS
77 Normative References
77.1 The following codes and standards are referenced in Part 3 of this standard, and all or portions of
these referenced codes and standards may be essential for compliance as applicable.
International Organization for Standardization
ISO 80079-36, Explosive Atmospheres – Part 36: Non-electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres –
Basic method and requirements
52 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
NFPA 70, National Electrical Code (NEC)

NFPA 496, Standard for Purged and Pressurized Enclosures for Electrical Equipment
NFPA 497, Classification of Flammable Liquids, Gases, or Vapors and of Hazardous (Classified)
Locations for Electrical Installations in Chemical Process Areas
NFPA 499, Recommended Practice for the Classification of Combustible Dusts and of Hazardous
(Classified) Locations for Electrical Installations in Chemical Process Areas
Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
UL 508, Industrial Control Equipment

UL 674, Electric Motors and Generators for Use in Hazardous (Classified) Locations
UL 698A, Industrial Control Panels Relating to Hazardous (Classified) Locations
UL 779, Electrically Conductive Floorings UL 783, Electric Flashlights and Lanterns for Use in Hazardous
(Classified) Locations
UL 823, Electric Heaters For Use in Hazardous (Classified) Locations
UL 844, Luminaires for Use in Hazardous (Classified) Locations
UL 913, Intrinsically Safe Apparatus and Associated Apparatus for Use in Class I, II, and III, Division 1,
Hazardous (Classified) Locations
UL 1067, Electrically Conductive Equipment and Materials for Use in Flammable Anesthetizing Locations
UL 1203, Explosion-Proof and Dust-Ignition-Proof Electrical Equipment for Use in Hazardous (Classified)
Locations
UL 1836, Outline for Electric Motors and Generators for Use in Class I, Division 2, Class I, Zone 2, Class
II, Division 2 and Zone 22 Hazardous (Classified) Locations
UL 2225, Cables and Cable-Fittings For Use In Hazardous (Classified) Locations
UL 60079 series, (all parts), Explosive Atmospheres, including
UL 60079-0, Explosive Atmospheres – Part 0: Equipment – General Requirements
UL 60079-7, Explosive atmospheres – Part 7: Equipment protection by increased safety ’’e’’
UL 121201, Nonincendive Electrical Equipment for Use in Class I and II, Division 2 and Class III, Divisions
1 and 2 Hazardous (Classified) Locations
78 General
78.1 Machines for hazardous (classified) locations shall comply with the following requirements that
address the risks of fire, electric shock, injury to persons and explosion:
a) regarding the risks of fire, electric shock, and injury to persons, the applicable requirements of
Parts 1 and 2, unless there are applicable requirements that address these risks in another U.S.
national standard (e.g. UL 2200 for gas turbines or UL 1340 for hoists);
b) regarding the risk of explosion due to electrical sources, the applicable requirements in Sections
77, 79, 81 and 82 of Part 3; and
c) regarding the risk of explosion due to non-electrical sources, the applicable requirements in
Sections 77, 80, 81 and 82 in Part 3.
78.2 Examples of equipment containing potential non-electrical sources of explosion include bearings,
couplings, pumps, gearboxes, brakes, hydraulic and pneumatic motors and any combination of devices to
realize a machine, fan, compressor, assemblies, etc.
78.3 Regarding the risk of injury to persons, these machines shall comply with the applicable
requirements addressing hot surfaces, moving parts and sharp edges. The minimum requirements
UL COPYRIGHTED
regarding MATERIAL
the risks of injury to persons – NOT
from moving AUTHORIZED
parts and FOR
sharp edges are the FURTHER
Accessibility of live or
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 53
moving parts section in Part 1 of this standard. The minimum requirements regarding risk of injury from hot
surfaces are the Maximum enclosure surface temperature rises in UL 508.
78.4 Where the ambient temperature exceeds 40°C (104°F), the effects of the elevated ambient on the
risks of fire, electric shock, injury to persons and explosion shall be addressed.
78.5 External non-metallic parts that can be subjected to electrostatic charging due to their normal
movement, or due to the normal movement of material across them, shall comply with the requirements for
the accumulation of static electricity in UL 1203, UL 60079-0, UL 779 or UL 1067, as applicable.
78.6 Machinery that has its own potential source of release, either under normal or abnormal conditions,
shall be provided with area classification documentation addressing the potential source of release. This
classification documentation shall be in accordance with NFPA 497 or NFPA 499, as applicable. This
classification may be different than the classification of the area in which the machinery is intended to be
installed.
79 Risk of Explosion due to Electrical Sources
79.1 To address the risks of explosion due to electrical sources, machines for hazardous (classified)
locations shall comply with the following requirements based on the area classification of the intended
installation, and the area classification around any potential source of release, as applicable:
a) Explosion-Proof and Dust-Ignition-Proof (Class I and II, Division 1)
i) Electric Motors and Generators: UL 674
ii) Electric Heaters: UL 823
iii) Luminaires: UL 844
iv) Other Electrical Equipment: UL 1203
v) Cable and Cable Sealing Fittings: UL 2225
b) Intrinsic Safety (Class I and II, Division 1 and Class III)
i) Intrinsically Safe Apparatus: UL 913
c) Purging and Pressurization (Class I and II, Division 1 or 2)
i) Purged and Pressurized Enclosures for Electrical Equipment: NFPA 496
d) Nonincendive (Class I and II, Division 2 and Class III)
i) Electric Heaters: UL 823
ii) Luminaires: UL 844
iii) Electric Motors and Generators: UL 1836
iv) Other Electrical Equipment: UL 121201
e) Associated Apparatus Relating to Hazardous Locations (Class I and II, Division 1 or 2)
i) Associated Purged and Pressurized Equipment: NFPA 496

UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL
ii) Industrial Control – toNOT
Panels Relating AUTHORIZED
Hazardous FOR FURTHER
Locations: UL 698A
54 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
iii) Associated Intrinsically Safe Apparatus: UL 913
iv) Associated Nonincendive Field Wiring Apparatus: UL 121201
f) Electric Flashlights and Lanterns (Division 1 or 2): UL 783
g) Zone System Equipment: UL 60079 series (all parts).
79.2 External factory-installed wiring that interconnects electrical parts of machines for hazardous
(classified) locations shall comply with the following requirements for wiring methods, as applicable:
a) For Class I, Division 1 installations: Section 501.10(A) and 504.20 of the NEC.
b) For Class II, Division 1 installations: Section 502.10(A) and 504.20 of the NEC.
c) For Class I, Division 2 installations: UL 121201 for connections on exterior of enclosure, or

Section 501.10(B) of the NEC.
d) For Class II, Division 2 installations: UL 121201 for connections on exterior of enclosure, or
e) For Class III, Division 1 installations: UL 121201 for connections on exterior of enclosure, or
Section 503.10(A) and 504.20 of the NEC.
f) For Class III, Division 2 installations: UL 121201 for connections on exterior of enclosure, or
g) For Zone 1 and 2 installations: UL 60079-0 for Supplementary requirements for factory-wiring
between enclosures or UL 60079-7 for external plug and socket connections for field wiring
connection, as applicable.
h) For Zone 21 and 22 installations: UL 60079-0 for Supplementary requirements for factory-wiring
between enclosures.
80 Risk of Explosion due to Non-Electrical Sources
80.1 Regarding the risks of explosion due to non-electrical sources, machines for hazardous (classified)
locations shall address the associated risk of ignition of an explosive atmosphere based on the area
classification of the intended installation, and the area classification around any potential source of
release.
80.2 Ignition hazards to be considered include, but are not limited to, hot surfaces, flames and hot gases,
mechanically generated sparks, stray electrical currents, static electricity, adiabatic compression and
exothermic reactions. Material such as dust trapped between multiple moving parts or between moving
and fixed parts or between the fixed components of flame arresters are ignition hazards to be considered.
The frequency of occurrence is also to be considered, including ignition hazards caused by misuse or
malfunction.
80.3 Ignition hazards that are associated with the installation or use of machines shall be considered (e.
g. associated with the installation of a hoist/trolley assembly to an I-beam). When considering such ignition
hazards and how to mitigate them, the installation and use instructions need to be reviewed and then
controlled. Where mitigation of these ignition hazards relies on how the machine is to be installed or used,
the instructions shall comply with 82.2.
Note: See ISO 80079-36 for additional details.

OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 55
81 Performance
81.1 Machines for hazardous (classified) locations shall comply with the applicable tests required in
Parts 1 – 3 of this standard. Regarding the maximum surface temperature measurement test required by
the standards referenced in Part 3 of this standard, the maximum measured temperature on any such
surface shall be considered.
82 Markings and Instructions
82.1 Machines for hazardous (classified) locations shall comply with the applicable markings and
instructions required in Parts 1 – 3 of this standard.
82.2 When the mitigation used to address a non-electrical ignition hazard is dependent upon how the
machine is to be installed and used the installation and use instructions shall include the following for each
of these ignition hazards:
a) the text “Warning: Risk of explosion”;
b) identification of each specific ignition hazard; and
c) indication of how to mitigate each specific ignition hazard.
The statement, “See Installation and Operating Instructions”, shall be marked on the device when the
ignition hazard mitigation instructions required by 82.2 are not marked on the product.
82.3 For machines that only involve risks of explosion due to non-electrical sources, the markings shall
also include an indication of the intended Class, Division, Group, Temperature Classification, and Ambient
Range based on the frequency of occurrence of the ignition hazards.

56 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
APPENDIX A – Standards for Components
Standards under which components of the products covered by this standard are judged include the
following:
Title of Standard – UL Standard Designation
Adjustable Speed Electrical Power Drive Systems – Part 5-1: Safety Requirements – Electrical, Thermal
and Energy – UL 61800-5-1
Capacitors – UL 810
Circuit Breakers, Molded-Case, and Circuit-Breaker Enclosures – UL 489
Electrical Analog Instruments – Panelboard Types – UL 1437
Electrical Wires, Cables, and Flexible Cords – UL 1581
Electrostatic Air Cleaners – UL 867
Enclosures for Electrical Equipment – UL 50
Equipment Wiring Terminals for Use With Aluminum and/or Copper Conductors – UL 486E
Fitting for Conduit and Outlet Boxes – UL 514B
Flexible Cord and Fixture Wire – UL 62
Fuseholders – Part 4: Class CC – UL 4248-4
Fuseholders – Part 5: Class G – UL 4248-5
Fuseholders – Part 6: Class H – UL 4248-6
Fuseholders – Part 8: Class J – UL 4248-8
Fuseholders – Part 9: Class K – UL 4248-9
Fuseholders – Part 11: Type C (Edison Base) and Type S Plug Fuse – UL 4248-11
Fuseholders – Part 12: Class R – UL 4248-12
Fuseholders – Part 15: Class T – UL 4248-15
Fuses, Low-Voltage – Part 1: General Requirements – UL 248-1
Fuses, Low-Voltage – Part 2: Class C Fuses – UL 248-2
Fuses, Low-Voltage – Part 5: Class G Fuses – UL 248-5
Fuses, Low Voltage – Part 11: Plug Fuses – UL 248-11
Fuses, Low-Voltage – Part 12: Class R Fuses – UL 248-12
Insulation Coordination Including Clearances and Creepage Distances for Electrical Equipment – UL 840
Marking and Labeling Systems – UL 969
Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances, Tests for Flammability of – UL 94
Polymeric Materials – Long Term Property Evaluations – UL 746B
Polymeric Materials – Short Term Property Evaluations – UL 746A
Polymeric Materials – Use in Electrical Equipment Evaluations – UL 746C
Power Units Other Than Class 2 – UL 1012
Printed-Wiring Boards – UL 796
Protectors, Supplementary, for Use in Electrical Equipment – UL 1077
Service Equipment – UL 869
Service Equipment, Reference Standard for – UL 869A
Speed Controls, Solid-State Fan – UL 1917
Switches, Clock-Operated – UL 917
Switches, Enclosed and Dead-Front – UL 98
Switches, Molded Case – UL 1087
Systems of Insulating Materials – General – UL 1446
Temperature-Indicating and -Regulating Equipment – UL 873
Terminal Blocks – UL 1059
Terminals, Electrical Quick-Connect – UL 310
Tests for Safety-Related Controls Employing Solid-State Devices – UL 991
Transformers, Class 2 and Class 3 – UL 1585
Transformers, Specialty – UL 506
Wire Connectors – UL 486A-486B
Wires and Cables, Machine Tool – UL 1063
Wires and Cables, Thermoplastic-Insulated – UL 83
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 57
APPENDIX B – Requirements for Additive Manufacturing Machines Where Combustible Particulate

Solids Are Employed
B1 Scope
B1.1 These requirements address identified hazards associated with handling combustible particulate
solids, or combustible dust, to comply with the requirements found in NFPA 484, NFPA 652, NFPA 654 or
NFPA 499, as is applicable, to minimize the risk of flash fire or explosion.
B1.2 The basic assessment for the risks involved and the means used to reduce the risk is applicable to
Additive Manufacturing machines intended for use in any unclassified location.
B1.3 These requirements cover:
a) Risk assessment to determine potential sources of ignition of the combustible particulate solids;
b) Construction requirements applied to potential ignition sources;
c) Testing requirements to determine that the construction is effective for minimizing the risk of
ignition;
d) Marking requirements; and
e) User instructions.
B1.4 Certain combustible particulate solid materials can be classified as toxic, a hazard which is not
addressed herein.
B2 General
B2.1 If a value for measurement as given in these requirements is followed by a value in other units in
parentheses, the second value may be only approximate. The first stated value is the requirement.
B2.2 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this standard shall
be interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard.
B3 Definitions
B3.1 Combustible particulate solid – Any solid material composed of distinct particles or pieces,
regardless of size, shape or chemical composition, that, when processed, stored, or handled, has the
potential to produce a combustible metal dust, a combustible polymer dust or a is a combustible metal
powder.
B3.2 Combustible metal dust – A combustible particulate metal, regardless of particle size or shape, that
present a dust fire hazard in a layer or an explosion hazard when suspended in air over a range of
concentrations.
B3.3 Combustible polymer dust – A finely divided combustible particulate solid, that presents a flash-fire
hazard or explosion hazard when suspended in air over a range of concentrations.
B3.4 Combustible metal powder – A combustible particulate metal, regardless of particle size or shape,
which is an intentional product that will burn as determined by tests given in NFPA 484.
B4 Identification of Combustible Particulate Solid
UL ACOPYRIGHTED
B4.1 MATERIAL
material safety data sheet – NOT isAUTHORIZED
(MSDS) or equivalent FOR
to be requested from FURTHER
the manufacturer of the
finely divided build material which is designated for use
REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INC. in the additive manufacturing machine. The MSDS
58 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
is required to disclose the risk of fire of the material in a layer, and risk of explosion of the material in a
cloud.
B4.2 Means to test the build material to determine whether it is a combustible particulate solid, a
combustible metal dust, a combustible polymer dust or is combustible metal powder and testing for the
determination of the layer ignition temperature can be found in NFPA 499 and in ISO/IEC 80079-20-2.
B4.3 Data is freely available in English, French and German on GESTIS-DUST-EX Database
Combustion and explosion characteristics of dusts http://staubex. ifa. dguv. de/explosuche. aspx? lang=e.
Dust characteristic data is known to vary widely with the sample properties, i.e. humidity and particle size.
The data given in the database represents a wide collection of data that can be employed when assessed
carefully for its applicability to the material in question.
B5 Potential Sources of Ignition
B5.1 Potential sources of ignition of a combustible particulate solid in a layer or in a cloud are as follows.
a) Arcing and sparking electrical components such as the make and break contacts of switches
and relays, and motors having sliding contact brushes;
b) Thermal ignition from hot surfaces in contact with the build material;
c) Sparking and propagating brush discharge sparking from sources of static electricity (ESD)
including from persons and from pneumatic conveying of the combustible dust or a rubber belt
moving over a pulley; and
d) Friction from combustible dust entering the gap between moving parts.
B6 Assessment of the Risk of Ignition of the Combustible Dust
B6.1 A risk assessment which identifies all potential sources of ignition is typically provided by the
manufacturer of the equipment. General information for risk assessment of machinery by the designer can
be found in ISO 12100. An example of ignition source analysis can be found in EN 1127-1. Risk
assessment for non-electrical sources of ignition can be found in EN 15198.
B6.2 The assessment shall address both normal operation and abnormal operation of the additive
manufacturing machine.
B7 Construction
B7.1 General
B7.1.1 Each item identified as a potential source of ignition in shall be provided with a positive means to
prevent the potential source of ignition from becoming effective. Cleaning and removal of fugitive
combustible dust both inside and outside of the additive manufacturing machine is primary to lowering the
risk of ignition.
B7.1.2 Mitigation means to prevent the potential source of ignition from becoming effective include, but
are not limited to, ventilation to a filter, temperature limiting devices, sealed electrical components, non-
arcing brushless motors, bonding means to dissipate static electricity, or inerting of the build chamber
atmosphere.
B7.1.3 Electrical components having bare live parts shall be located in electrical enclosures which are
determined to comply with the requirements in ANSI/IEC 60529 for IP 6x for Additive Manufacturing
machines employing metal particulate solids, combustible metal dust, or metal powder.
B7.1.4 No hoses or tubes for the pneumatic conveying of combustible materials shall pass through
electrical equipment enclosures.
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 59
B7.2 Tubes and hoses
B7.2.1 Tubes for pneumatic conveying of finely divided materials shall be:
a) A metal tube that is electrostatically bonded to the machine frame and connected to the main
grounding terminal; or
b) A polymeric tube that has a surface resistivity not greater than 1 MΩ and electrostatically bonded
to the main grounding terminal.
B7.2.2 Metal tube shall be not less than 1 mm thick. Joints shall be incapable of trapping combustible
particulate solids. Combustible particulate solids shall not pass through the joint.
B7.2.3 Polymeric tube shall be not less than 3 mm thick. The surface resistivity shall be determined to
comply with the test sequence in B8.3.
B7.2.4 Isolated metal parts can retain static charges that can be ignition capable when discharged. All
metal parts of the additive manufacturing machine shall be electrostatically bonded together through the
machine frame and connected to the main grounding terminal.
B7.2.5 Where flexible hoses are needed the hose shall be static dissipative or contain a metal wire. A
hose made from statically dissipative material shall have a surface resistivity of not greater than 109 ohms
determined in accordance with B8.2, Method A or Method B. Flexible hoses shall be electrostatically
bonded to the machine frame and connected to the main grounding terminal.
B7.2.6 The temperature rating of the hose or other non-metal components in the conveying system shall
be rated not less than 20 C greater than the temperature of the material being conveyed.
B7.2.7 Wheels, casters, belts, pulleys which are made of rubber compounds shall be determined to
comply with B8.5.
B7.3 Arcing devices
B7.3.1 Small volume arcing parts such as switches and relays that are sealed in a case or enclosure
determined to comply with IP6X requirements of IEC 60529 are considered to exclude dust.
B7.4 Gaskets
B7.4.1 Gaskets shall be compatible with the materials in which they are in contact and rated not less
than 20°C greater than the maximum temperatures that they encounter.
B7.4.2 Gaskets on doors or covers that open shall be secured mechanically or by adhesive to one face
of the joint being sealed.
B7.4.3 Gaskets relied upon for separation of dust between compartments or to the exterior of the
machine shall comply with UL 157 for the service temperature or IEC/EN/UL 60079-0 requirements and
tests for Thermal Endurance to Heat and Cold based on the service temperature of the gaskets from
temperature tests.
B7.5 Filters
B7.5.1 When ventilation internal to the additive manufacturing machine is used to remove fugitive dust
particles to capture by a filter, the filter shall be rated for capture of the minimum particle size in the fugitive
dust. Filters shall comply with B8.4.
B7.5.2 Filters that can accumulate combustible dust in normal operation must be determined to be
REPRODUCTION
electrically conductive OR DISTRIBUTION
or electrostatically dissipativeWITHOUT PERMISSION
and must be determined FROM
to comply with B8.3. UL INC.
60 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
B7.5.3 The filter shall have a presence sensor that will prevent operation of the additive manufacturing
machine when the filter is not in place.
B7.6 Lasers
B7.6.1 Lasers shall comply with the applicable requirements in IEC 60825 series standards.
B7.7 Temperature limiting devices
B7.7.1 Thermostats having bi-metal temperature sensing and mechanical contacts that are relied upon
to limit temperatures shall be determined to comply with UL 60730-2-9.
B7.7.2 Thermal sensors used in conjunction with solid state control devices shall comply with B7.8.
B7.8 Functional safety
B7.8.1 Sensors that are located within dust containment area must be determined not to be a source of
ignition in normal operation and in expected malfunction.
B7.8.2 All controls and sensors used to limit temperature, to sense the presence of filters, to control
power to lasers, inerting of atmospheres, and access door interlocks which are relied upon to prevent
ignition or release of combustible particulate solids to the exterior of the equipment shall be determined to
comply with requirements for Functional Safety in UL/IEC 60691.
B7.8.3 Oxygen detection used in conjunction with inerting controls shall comply with the applicable
requirements of IEC 60079-29-3.
B8 Testing
B8.1 Temperature test
B8.1.1 Surfaces that are in contact with the combustible particulate solids shall be determined not to
exceed 80 percent of the autoignition temperature that has been determined for the combustible dust in
both normal operation and during expected malfunction.
B8.1.2 The surface temperature of non-metal materials which confine or contain the combustible
particulate solid shall be determined to operate at 20° C below the rated service temperature for the
material.
B8.2 Accumulation of static electricity test
B8.2.1 General
B8.2.1.1 A nonmetallic external part with an area greater than 15.5 inch2 (100 cm2) shall comply with
either the requirements in B8.2.2 or B8.2.3.
B8.2.2 Method A
B8.2.2.1 Any non-metallic surface with area greater than 15.5 inch2 (100 cm2) shall have a surface
resistivity of 1 GΩ or less at 23°C and 50 percent relative humidity as defined by the material specifications
or as determined by the test in B8.2.2.2.
B8.2.2.2 The resistance is to be tested on the enclosure or on parts of the enclosure. Two parallel
electrodes 0.04 inch (1 mm) in MATERIAL
UL COPYRIGHTED width, 4 inches –
(100
NOTmm)AUTHORIZED
in length, 0.4 inch (10
FOR mm)FURTHER
apart are to be
centered on a 6 by 2.4 inch (150 mm by 60 mm) sample. The sample is to be cleaned with distilled water,
REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
then with isopropyl alcohol, WITHOUT
then once more with distilled PERMISSION
water before FROM by
being dried. Untouched ULbare
INC.
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 61
hands, it is to be conditioned for 24 hours at 23° C and 50 percent relative humidity. The test is to be
carried out under the same conditions. A direct voltage of 500 ±10 Vdc is to be applied for one minute.
B8.2.2.3 The resistance is the quotient of the direct voltage applied at the electrodes to the total current
flowing between them when the direct voltage has been applied for one minute.
B8.2.3 Method B
B8.2.3.1 A nonmetallic external part with an area greater than 15.5 inch2 (100 cm2) shall be subjected to
the test specified in B8.2.3.2 – B8.2.3.5.
B8.2.3.2 No sparks shall be observed when a grounded metal sphere is brought into gradual contact
with the nonmetallic part, mounted as intended, after it has been electrostatically charged.
B8.2.3.3 Three samples of the part are to be conditioned for at least 48 hours at a relative humidity of 25
±10 percent.
B8.2.3.4 Immediately after removal from the low-humidity chamber, the samples are to be supported by
means of insulators in a room having a relative humidity not more than 35 percent and having all sources
of light, other than electrical sparks, eliminated. An electrostatic charge is to be sprayed on non-conductive
parts of the product using a Van de Graaf generator limited to 5000 volts.
B8.2.3.5 A 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) diameter grounded metal sphere is to be brought into gradual contact with
the non-conductive area of the sample.
B8.3 Electrostatic bonding ground continuity test
B8.3.1 The resistance of the grounding path between the terminal for connection of the grounding
conductor of the power-supply cord and dead metal parts required to be bonded in accordance with B7.2.2
shall not exceed 0.1 ohm.
B8.3.2 The resistance is to be determined by any convenient method except when results that do not
comply with the requirement are recorded. Then either a direct- or alternating-current of 15 amperes is to
be passed from the grounding terminal to each dead metal part required to be bonded in accordance with
B7.2.5, and the resulting drop in potential is to be measured between these two points. The resistance in
ohms is to be determined by dividing the drop in potential in volts by the current in amperes passing
between the two points.
B8.4 Filter Test
B8.4.1 A dust filter relied on to minimize fugitive dust emission between compartments or to the exterior
of the machine must be certified or tested to EN 1822, and ISO 29463.
B8.5 Resistivity of rubber compounds
B8.5.1 Wheels, casters, belts, or pulleys which are made of rubber compounds shall be determined to
comply with UL 1067, Section 16, following Air-Oven aging in Section 14. The resistance value shall be
the average of six samples of each material or compound.
B9 Marking
B9.1 The machine shall be marked in a location visible to the operator warning that the additive
manufacturing machine uses combustible dust and refer to the use instructions for special precautions.

62 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
B10 Installation and Use Instructions
B10.1 Installation instructions shall include needed details regarding the location selected for the
machine which includes:
a) Anticipation of storage of the build material;
b) Temperature of the room;
c) Ventilation within the room; and
d) Fire protection
B10.2 Use instructions shall include details regarding the handling of identified combustible dust
material, including the use of personal protective equipment by the operator as given in B10.3 – B10.9.
B10.3 Storage of the build material shall be in accordance with NFPA 654 for polymer particulate solids
or NFPA 484 for metal particulate solids other local requirement as is applicable. Polymer dusts is
permitted to be kept in cardboard drums. Metal dust shall be stored and transported in metal containers, or
static dissipative containers. If a polymeric liner is used, the liner shall be static dissipative.
B10.4 Filling the additive manufacturing machine with the build material, if done manually, shall be
accomplished in a manner to avoid creation of a dust cloud. If done automatically, the procedures for
pneumatic conveying apply.
B10.5 Unpacking – unpacking of the parts from the build plate shall not take place until the unit has
cooled to 70°C or lower. Cleaning is to be accomplished by gently brushing down all accumulations of dust
on all horizontal and vertical surfaces before the deposits are removed manually, followed by vacuuming
any residual dust, wiping down all surfaces with a dry cloth, then wiping all surfaces down with a damp
cloth, and finally again wiping all surfaces with a dry cloth.
B10.6 Periodic cleaning of the machine shall take place following each build. The additive manufacturing
machine shall be permitted to cool below 70°C. Cleaning is to be accomplished by gently brushing down
all accumulations of dust on all horizontal and vertical surfaces, followed by vacuuming any residual dust.
The vacuum cleaner shall be certified for the collection of the combustible dust being used. For the
collection of metal dusts, it shall be certified for use in Group E atmospheres. Wiping down all surfaces
with a dry cloth, then wiping all surfaces down with a damp cloth, and finally again wiping all surfaces with
a dry cloth is permitted for other than metal dusts.
B10.7 Housekeeping in the vicinity of the machine is required on a regular basis so as to prevent an
accumulation of combustible dust on surfaces which can result in the need to Classify the area which will
require the use of explosion-protected electrical equipment.
B10.8 Fugitive combustible dust in quantities that obscure the color of the surface shall first be collected
by gently brushing and manually removing the accumulations, followed by vacuuming any residual dust.
Light accumulations are permitted to be removed by vacuuming. The vacuum cleaner shall be certified for
the collection of the combustible dust involved. Wiping down all surfaces with a dry cloth, then wiping all
surfaces down with a damp cloth, and finally again wiping all surfaces with a dry cloth is permitted for other
than metal dusts.
B10.9 Instructions for changing and cleaning of filters shall inform the user regarding precautions to be
taken when certain build materials present a risk of fire when captured particles are susceptible to
spontaneous combustion in the presence of air.
B11 References
UL All
B11.1 COPYRIGHTED
references are made MATERIAL – NOT
to the latest edition AUTHORIZED
standard FOR FURTHER
unless otherwise specified.
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 63
British Standards
EN 1127, Explosive atmospheres – Explosion prevention and protection – Part 1: Basic concepts and
methodology
EN 1822, HEPA/ULPA Filters
EN 15198, Methodology for the risk assessment of non-electrical equipment and components for intended
use in potentially explosive atmospheres
IEC Standards
ANSI/IEC 60529, Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures (IP Code)

IEC/EN/UL 60079-0, Explosive Atmospheres – Part 0: Equipment – General Requirements
IEC 60079-29-3, Explosive atmospheres – Part 29-3: Gas detectors – Guidance on functional safety of
fixed gas detection systems
ISO Standards
ISO/IEC 80079-20-2:2016, Explosive atmospheres – Part 20-2: Material characteristics – Combustible

dusts test methods
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery – General principles for design – Risk assessment and risk
reduction
ISO 29463-1, High-efficiency filters and filter media for removing particles in air – Part 1: Classification,
performance testing and marking
NFPA Standards
NFPA 484, Standard for Combustible Metals, 2019 edition

NFPA 652, Standard on the Fundamentals of Combustible Dust, 2019 edition
NFPA 654, Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing,
and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids, 2017 edition
NFPA 499, Recommended Practice for the Classification of Combustible Dusts and of Hazardous
(Classified) Locations for Electrical Installations in Chemical Process Areas, 2017 edition
UL Standards
UL 157, Gaskets and Seals

UL 1067, Electrically Conductive Equipment and Materials for Use in Flammable Anesthetizing Locations
UL 60730-2-9, Automatic Electrical Controls – Part 2-9: Particular Requirements for Temperature Sensing
Controls

64 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
APPENDIX C – REFERENCE STANDARDS (Normative)
Ref. No. Clause No. Standard

1 Spacings, High-voltage parts Electrostatic Air Cleaners, UL 867
2 Insulating Barriers Electrostatic Air Cleaners, UL 867
3 Insulating Materials Electrostatic Air Cleaners, UL 867

OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 65
APPENDIX D – REQUIREMENTS FOR MACHINES WITH COOLING SYSTEMS
D1 Scope
D1.1 The requirements in this Appendix apply to machines employing cooling systems.
D1.2 The cooling medium used in a cooling system shall be water, glycol, a mixture of water and glycol,
oil, or other refrigerants investigated for the purpose.
D2 Construction
D2.1 Machines employing cooling systems shall comply with the construction requirements for cooling
systems in the Standard for Adjustable Speed Electrical Power Drive Systems – Part 5-1: Safety
Requirements – Electrical, Thermal and Energy, UL 61800-5-1.
D3 Performance
D3.1 Loss of coolant test
D3.1.1 Following the completion of the Temperature Test, Section 47, machinery shall comply with the
requirements of the loss of coolant test in the Standard for Adjustable Speed Electrical Power Drive
Systems – Part 5-1: Safety Requirements – Electrical, Thermal and Energy, UL 61800-5-1.
D3.2 Hydrostatic pressure test
D3.2.1 Machinery shall comply with the requirements of the hydrostatic pressure test in the Standard for
Adjustable Speed Electrical Power Drive Systems – Part 5-1: Safety Requirements – Electrical, Thermal
and Energy, UL 61800-5-1.
D3.2.2 Following the completion of the hydrostatic pressure test, the dielectric voltage-withstand test,
Section 48, shall be performed.

66 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
APPENDIX FS – FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
FS1 Scope
FS1.1 The requirements in this Appendix apply when the manufacturer declares that the machine and/or
the machine’s control system is performing safety functions to reduce risk and maintain safe operation of
the overall system, i.e. Functional Safety.
FS1.2 Machines that comply with this Appendix, along with the remaining requirements of this standard,
are eligible for the UL Functional Safety Listing or Recognition mark, as appropriate. Identification of the
Functional Safety standard (s) used and the ratings of the safety function (s) shall be provided on the
machine and/or in its associated information for use.
FS2 Risk Assessment
FS2.1 The manufacturer shall conduct a risk assessment for the machine that analyzes events that
could lead to hazardous conditions and identifies how those events have been addressed. Functions
performed by the control system and/or software that are responsible for addressing these conditions shall
be considered safety functions in the context of these requirements and assigned an appropriate safety
rating (e.g. Safety Integrity Level, Performance Level, etc.), if applicable.
FS2.2 Guidance for the risk assessment of machines is provided in ISO 12100. Additional guidance
documents that can be used for the risk assessment include (but are not limited to):
a) IEC 60812, Analysis Techniques for System Reliability – Procedure for Failure Mode and Effects
Analysis (FMEA);
b) IEC 61025, Fault Tree Analysis (FTA); and
c) MIL-STD-1629A, Procedures for Performing a Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis
FS2.3 Guidance for determining the appropriate safety rating for each safety function is provided in the
following documents:
a) ISO 13849-1, Safety of Machinery – Safety-Related Parts of Control Systems – Part 1: General
Principles for Design – Annex A: Determination of Required Performance Level (PLr);
b) IEC 62061, Safety of Machinery – Functional Safety of Safety-Related Electrical, Electronic, and
Programmable Electronic Control Systems – Annex A: SIL Assignment; and
c) IEC 61508-5, Functional Safety of Electrical/Electronic/Programmable Electronic Safety-Related

Systems – Part 5: Examples of Methods for the Determination of Safety Integrity Levels
FS2.4 Examples of safety functions performed by machines and/or their control systems include, but are
not limited to:
a) Stop functions (stop category 0 or Safe Torque Off, stop category 1, stop category 2);
b) Exceeding safe operating limits (speed, acceleration, pressure, torque, position, direction, etc.);
c) Two-hand control or hold-to-run; and
d) Suspension of safety functions, i.e. muting
FS3 Hardware Reliability
FS3.1 Two approaches to hardware reliability are described below. The manufacturer shall comply with
UL(orCOPYRIGHTED
either MATERIAL
both) FS3.2 or FS3.3 as appropriate for –
theNOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER
application.
OCTOBER 13, 2020 UL 2011 67
FS3.2 Fault tolerance
FS3.2.1 The manufacturer shall conduct a circuit-level Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA),
showing that all single-fault conditions of the control system results in one of the following:
a) No loss of safety functions; or
b) Transition to a deterministic state that ensures the machine’s safety.
FS3.2.2 The FMEA conducted in FS3.2.1 shall consider fault conditions of all components responsible
for implementing the safety functions. In cases where redundancy and/or fault tolerance can be
established at the circuit level, it is possible to simplify the analysis into blocks of circuits.
FS3.2.3 In applications where the control system is addressing special hazards such as explosion, or
whose failure could directly cause a hazardous condition, the FMEA shall consider the possibility of a
second independent fault condition occurring if the control system continues to operate after the first fault.
FS3.2.4 Further guidance for conducting the circuit-level FMEA is provided in the following standards:
a) UL 991, Tests for Safety-Related Controls Employing Solid-State Devices, Section 6: General,
and Section 7: Failure-Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA); if UL 991 is used for guidance, no
“critical” components as defined by UL 991 are allowed and the Computational Investigation or
Demonstrated Method do not apply; and
b) CSA C22.2 No. 0.8, Safety Functions Incorporating Electronic Technology, Section 5.5:
Protection Against Faults to Ensure Functional Safety
FS3.3 Probability of failure
FS3.3.1 The manufacturer shall conduct a component-level Failure Mode, Effects, and Diagnostics
Analysis (FMEDA), considering fault conditions of all components responsible for implementing the safety
functions and their published failure rates.
FS3.3.2 The FMEDA conducted in FS3.3.1 shall show that the probability of dangerous failure of the
control system meets the target safety rating (e.g. Safety Integrity Level, Performance Level, etc.) for each
safety function.
FS3.3.3 The component-level FMEDA shall follow one of the approaches described in the following
standards:
a) ISO 13849-1, Safety of Machinery – Safety-Related Parts of Control Systems – Part 1: General
Principles for Design, Section 4.5: Evaluation of the Achieved Performance Level (PL) and
Relationship with SIL;
b) IEC 62061, Safety of Machinery – Functional Safety of Safety-Related Electrical, Electronic, and
Programmable Electronic Control Systems, Section 6: Design and Integration of the Safety-
Related Electrical Control System (SRECS); and
c) IEC 61800-5-2, Adjustable Speed Electrical Power Drive Systems – Part 5-2: Safety
Requirements – Functional, Section 6.2: PDS(SR) Design Requirements; and
d) IEC 61508-2, Functional Safety of Electrical/Electronic/Programmable Electronic Safety-Related

Systems – Part 2: Requirements for Electrical/Electronic/Programmable Electronic Safety-Related
Systems, Section 7.4: E/E/PE System Design and Development.
FS4 EMC Immunity
UL COPYRIGHTED
FS4.1 MATERIAL
The control shall demonstrate sufficient–EMC
NOT AUTHORIZED
immunity FOR
when subjected FURTHER
to various mains-borne
REPRODUCTION
perturbations, magneticOR
and DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT
electromagnetic interference PERMISSION FROM UL INC.
conditions.
68 UL 2011 OCTOBER 13, 2020
FS4.2 During and after being subjected to each of the conditions in FS4.1, the control shall demonstrate
one of the following:
a) No loss of safety functions; or
b) Transition to a deterministic state that ensures the machine’s safety.
FS4.3 At a minimum, the following tests (or similar tests from the standards listed in FS4.4) should be
considered:
a) Power-Frequency Magnetic Field (IEC 61000-4-8);
b) Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Field (IEC 61000-4-3);
c) Electrostatic Discharge (IEC 61000-4-2);
d) Radio-Frequency Common Mode (IEC 61000-4-6);
e) Surges (IEC 61000-4-5);
f) Fast Transients (IEC 61000-4-4); and
g) Voltage Dips and Interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11 or IEC 61000-4-34)
FS4.4 Further guidance regarding EMC immunity is given in the following standards:
a) UL 991, Tests for Safety-Related Controls Employing Solid-State Devices, Sections 9-22:
Environmental Stress Tests;
b) CSA C22.2 No. 0.8, Safety Functions Incorporating Electronic Technology, Section 6: Safety
Tests for Electronic Components;
c) IEC 61000-6-2, Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-2: Generic Standards – Immunity
Standard for Industrial Environments;
d) IEC 61326-3-1, Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use – EMC
Requirements – Part 3-1: Immunity Requirements for Safety-Related Systems and for Equipment
Intended to Perform Safety-Related Functions (Functional Safety) – General Industrial
Applications; and
e) IEC 61800-3, Adjustable Speed Electrical Power Drive Systems – Part 3: EMC Requirements
and Specific Test Methods
FS5 Software Reliability
FS5.1 Software responsible for performing safety functions, and the activities employed to develop the
software, shall comply with one of the following safety standards, and if applicable, to the target safety
rating (e.g. Safety Integrity Level, Performance Level, etc.) for the safety functions:
a) UL 1998, Software in Programmable Components;
b) CSA C22.2 No. 0.8, Safety Functions Incorporating Electronic Technology, Sections 5.6-5.10:
Software Development;
c) ISO 13849-1, Safety of Machinery – Safety-Related Parts of Control Systems – Part 1: General
Principles for Design, Section 4.6: Software Safety Requirements; and
d) IEC 61508, Functional Safety of Electrical/Electronic/Programmable Electronic Safety-Related

Systems, Part 3: Software Requirements.

Ul2011outline 2020

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ul2011outline 2020

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

October 13, 2020

Outline of Investigation for Machinery

October 13, 2020

• Replacement of reference of standard UL 508C, Standard for Safety

• Hazardous Location requirements to include Zone systems

• Requirements for lasers for industrial additive manufacturing

• Requirements for surge protective devices (SPD’s) in safety related

• Requirements for using a URL or QR code as a convenient method

• Expansion of the scope to include Semiconductor Equipment

• Definition of a Safety-related Control System

UL's Outlines of Investigation are copyrighted by UL LLC. Neither a printed nor

COPYRIGHT © 2020 UL LLC

UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER

No Text on This Page

UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER

PART 1 – GENERAL USE MACHINES................................................................................................9

CONSTRUCTION – ALL MACHINES................................................................................................15

ACCESSIBILITY OF LIVE OR MOVING PARTS ................................................................................17

26 Operator Interface and Machine-mounted Controls ..............................................................25

MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCTION TESTS ...............................................................................39

PART 2 – SPECIFIC INDUSTRIAL MACHINES .................................................................................42

INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY ..............................................................................................................42

INDUSTRIAL ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING MACHINES..................................................................50

77 Normative References .......................................................................................................51

APPENDIX A – Standards for Components.....................................................................................56

APPENDIX B – Requirements for Additive Manufacturing Machines Where Combustible Particulate

APPENDIX C – REFERENCE STANDARDS (Normative) ..................................................................64

APPENDIX D – REQUIREMENTS FOR MACHINES WITH COOLING SYSTEMS................................65

APPENDIX FS – FUNCTIONAL SAFETY ..........................................................................................66

FS1 Scope ............................................................................................................................66

FS3.3 Probability of failure ...............................................................................................67

UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER

No Text on This Page

UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER

PART 1 – GENERAL USE MACHINES

2.9 CONTACT, DIRECT – contact of persons with energized parts of equipment.

c) emergency switching off; and

d) emergency switching on.

2.12 EMERGENCY START – an emergency operation intended to start a process or a movement to

2.16 EMERGENCY SWITCHING ON – an emergency operation intended to switch on the supply of

2.23 INSPECTION/TESTING MACHINES – Machines used for coordinate measuring, in-process

2.24 INTERLOCK (FOR SAFEGUARDING) – an arrangement that interconnects guard(s) or device(s)

2.27 INDUSTRIAL ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING MACHINES – Machines used to create a three-

2.36 ROBOT – A controlled, reprogrammable, multi-purpose, manipulative machine with several

4.2 A component need not comply with a specific requirement that:

b) Is superseded by a requirement in this outline.

UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER

INDUSTRIAL CONTROL PANEL

Raceways, Cable trays, Wireways,

INDUSTRIAL CONTROL PANEL

UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER

CONSTRUCTION – ALL MACHINES

8 Protection Against Corrosion

Exception: This requirement does not apply to:

c) Parts made of stainless steel.

9 Support and Securement of Live Parts

e) A connecting strap or clip fitted into an adjacent part.

13 Provisions for Handling

ACCESSIBILITY OF LIVE OR MOVING PARTS

15.2 A rotating part shall be assembled:

16 Enclosures and Guards

a) Degree of exposure necessary to perform its intended function;

b) Sharpness of the moving part;