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METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the methodology during the study. We would bring light to the
areas of the study and reasons which underpin the choice of the area are explained. In this
chapter, the research design including the sampling procedures, respondents of the study, and
the necessary research instrument, ethical considerations, and data collecting procedures are
carefully tackled.
Research Design
Generally, the goal of a research design is to offer a study plan that enables accurate
assessment of cause and effect linkages between independent and dependent variables (Jang,
1980). The plan outlines the method and technique of inquiry selected to acquire accurate and
reliable data that met the goals of the study and provided the answers to its open-ended
questions.
In the very beginning, the aim was to adopt the method that would be appropriate,
straightforward, and practical with the limitations of our resources available in concerns with
systematic inductive procedures for performing qualitative research with the goal of
developing theories (Charmaz, 2003). According to Noble and Mitchell (2016), grounded
theory is a research method that is concerned with the development of theory that is
'grounded' in data that has been collected and examined systematically. Certainly, our
research follows a framework in which we are systematic and factual in collecting and
Grounded Theory makes the most appropriate research approach for our study with the
conditions that it tries to figure out what people's social acts, interactions, and experiences
mean. These explanations are referred to as 'grounded' because they are based on the
participants' own explanations or interpretations (Divya, 2021) since our study would focus
decisions and career-path. Another advantage of the grounded theory approach is that
researchers can have their own interpretation of data ( Divya, 2021) which is a crucial step in
developing a theory that is based on the information the respondents have provided.
Research Locale
This study will be conducted in Gingoog City Colleges or other known as GCC.
Gingoog City Colleges is a private school and one of the prestigious schools in Gingoog City.
Academy, where (i will just put some info dri when i get home tomorrow because I forgot to
We chose the school, Gingoog City Colleges, as our research locale for this is a perfect
location to conduct the study. Since our respondents are students of GCC, the school will be
an ideal spot. Due to this reason, it is very accessible for the researchers to conduct their
interviews with the respondents since they can easily approach and interact with the students
(respondents) after their classes. Moreover, the school is a safe and tranquil place which will
We decided to conduct the interview inside one of the available classrooms in the
building. If not, due to miscellaneous interruptions and uncertainty, we will be conducting the
interview inside the library or anywhere inside the campus where it is quiet so that
We are hoping to conduct this interview as early as possible for this requires a massive
amount of time needed to be finished. We are aiming to start conducting the interview within
the first or second week of April 2023 to the last week of April 2023.
Sampling Procedures
Research sampling is one of the major part of conducting a research. It is a way on how
would researchers collect their respondents and gather data. In qualitative research there are
numerous types of methods that can be used in research sampling. Snow Ball Sampling,
Convenience Sampling, and Opportunistic Sampling are the top three mostly used as the
Snowball Sampling is the widely used method in research. It is also called Referral
relevant individuals if they know someone who will be fitting and be willing to participate in
the study. However, there are multiple types of Snowball Sampling. We have the Linear,
someone who is qualified to participate in the study. In turn, the referred individual will also
recruit another individual (one individual). Thus, this creates a chain-like style until you find
On the other hand, Exponential Nondiscriminatory is very different. In this method, the
participant or an individual can suggest multiple people. The researcher will include all the
referrals in the study. While in Exponential Discriminatory the participant can refer to
multiple individuals, but this time the researchers will have the opportunity to choose. They
will include those referred individuals who have achieved the qualities of the research.
The second method is Convenience Sampling. In this method, researchers will recruit
individuals who they know fitted most the qualities of the respondents in the study. These
Convenience since the researchers "respondents" are easily accessed and approached.
In this research, our team thought out and agreed to use three methods, which are
In Snowball Sampling, we will ask some of the grade 12 STEM students of GCC who
they know are qualified to participate in our study. In Opportunistic, we would like to submit
a permission letter to the admin office to let us gather the names of the students who are
financially unstable or those who have reached our criteria. And lastly, in convenience
sampling we will ask our friends in grade 12 STEM, whom we find to fit the qualities of
This method means no harm and is forced on the students. If they are not willing to
Colleges who are experiencing financial instability and struggling with career decision-
making. The participants will be selected through snowball sampling, which involves starting
with a small number of individuals who meet the inclusion criteria for the study, and then
using them to identify additional participants who may also be qualified (Goodman, 1961). In
addition, convenience sampling will also be used to reach out to social media or nearby
1. The participant is currently enrolled in Grade 12 in the STEM strand in Gingoog City
Colleges.
2. The participant has experienced financial instability, which has impacted their career
decision-making process.
3. The participant has not received any external financial support for their education
4. The participant is willing to participate in the study and share their experiences.
The number of participants will be determined by theoretical saturation, which means that
the interviews will continue until no new themes or insights are emerging from the data. It is
expected that the number of participants will be between 20-30, which is typical for a
(2010) stated that the most widely used research instruments in qualitative research are
analysis of documents,interviews, and observation. In this study , the researchers will use
interviews as the instrument to collect the data. More specifically,a semi-structured interview
and probe questions to learn more about their responses and the subject. The semi-structured
interview is an exploratory interview in accordance with Magaldi and Berler (2020). The
semi-structured interview method is used by qualitative researchers to gather new data and
interview is appropriate for this study, where the open questions enable the researchers to
freely ask the respondents. However, in this kind of interview, the researcher lets the
participant and questions develop naturally. The interviewer may freely add follow-up
questions that have not yet been prepared during the interview process, in an effort to
examine their experiences through deliberate questioning and conversation through planned
Ethical Considerations
When gathering data from people, scientists and researchers must always follow a set of
rules (Bhandari). These factors protect study participants' rights, improve research validity,
Our study adheres to the ethical requirements in conducting the research, therefore we
have chosen Informed Consent and Voluntary Participation as our ethical guidance for this
We have chosen Informed Consent as one of our ethical guidance for it allows potential
research subjects to freely volunteer their involvement without fear of repercussions or undue
pressure. The potential participant is also given information that an individual would want to
know before joining, allowing them to make an informed decision about whether or not to
engage (Owens).
Additionally, we also included Voluntary Participation for the reason that subjects in a
research project must understand that their involvement in the study is entirely voluntary, that
they can withdraw from the study at any moment without penalty, and that they will not be
respondents that we do not intend to fall under any research misconduct such as falsifying
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