Put A
St•I• havui, )"'� l.hrtn 1n p.an 10 � """'"'Jttn. do QQl tfVOY th, rn to
Chapter 7
STATES AND INTERNATIONAL LAW
Aldwiu,b 1ndiriclhal,,. .nd • \11nrt, <•( ni- ,-U.te, mUhc• � and
.,,, aff.-..:t.Ñ by 1nt1;>�11lJll law 4,¡1.-. ha'or t,..,n n,n1r.r o mponrnta ti'
tlw inttmauonal l,ol l)"Jltm. al JM.it •U,ct: tho P.ke tJf \lt'•tptL.dua IJ:'I
16-IH Utu JWII what .. o ..flo.l.,."1 In í'o.rt A oí1h1, Chap(tr, •• uuroduce
.rr.�
U,. ....,.� lft 1-h1eh •ntl"fflllO< t..l "'" twfp� drfint" I� llt"YrfftCl'l Pta\c':.
P...n R .-1plurft •l ,...u..,. mvah1na the 1.nm,,l',�aclft uf •late,, -,,el
F"'1'flfflfflt. \\'b..t ..,. th.. i.pJ vi th• w«tvloa of ,1,,11n or
�t.1" Do t.be, lc,oJ t:hhptltl'n. tll o 11tal• (l•nUnut •hon 1t.
ll"'l'fflffl4'nl chatl&l'fl radimlt,, or whitn t.hr •WI� brt11b 11port� YtMt \1
� flltftlÍ11ran. .. rn bnlh 1t11 ..tnAtMM1.tl Mld m1.11Ud� LAw rtl tlw l"HGI"•·
t1twl ul a rww .u.a.. °' 1-"' rnrr,.,,,,i t•
A, TIIE SOVF.RF.IGN STATE
q,,,.,..� &*)t.r� ro,- 1n h1ll'ttl>1l11..e., ,..._h.., • 1nc:fu11,"4J t"ll':llh11.A
1nb:matwn11I !,tp.i n,I.... and pna.-dural "'"°h.a1, ..111.. t• .t.. t.. !111\'wN'lft"ll.Y
11.U a ptuduct of 1.nltll'ltillk>nal tarw" To -.luat ""'-""' d., 4 11,l,tt.t', V\'n'
fll•IMC'II' dep.-nd oo �rud1. n l:J>· t lb.ir Ml•lt'1 "'" lnt(lmauan.l Ofl:SU\I
a.titlftll" �� look ft1111 ut 1t.n t1eterpt rrom tht- wcrt of t:mer CWI V•tcot. an
uúluea.tW lbt.h-crntun- UttrfflQ:uonaJ lo• thtott,,t� ond dwn � th<""
\tontfYld,,,o (ºoc,w,nllOJ\. .di !OthttnU1ry cifrurt ,_. t,111hh _.. prwa-pu
..tw.J1. M,1,1.-.
E. DE VA1TEL. nn: L\W OF N,\TIOSs
:..-• 1 naa.., o..tn o r .-..'d tr•"" 1•11. hp"� •.,..
fliaU..n.• o, Í'l'atN ·� r,,i..i1tK"•l bod-,. -flt°irtlll,. e,( ITlllft who ho"O
11rut,r,d tupthrr and cumhuwd dw, (gf'Ql'a., 1n lll"Ck'1' so �u"' tM'lr
mutuAI • ,,u·..,,. and -.<urtt,
So.ch • ILltWt) hM 111 own ,lfLatt. oM 111l\!nt1U. at dt-bbc-� 4nd
� ftadution, lft Cl.lCIUIIUr, 11nd 1t thWI � • enntfll PI'"'- ft h•YU'C
an b�land"'I a.NI • w1U pe..-ulaar io 1'-1!. a.nd ,iiictphhw M °"'7� "'
ob1i(.llt1.,rui snd of n&ht.a.
ILhbeny and i.n� bNona ,,. man hy h.i, -..,,. Mlu,.. and
• • • ltse,' mn n,,c be t.ak, n fmm h III wnhou1 h1• ct1""""'1. C'Uu•'- al•
...
thtat fuU and lhlolulc! ntrnl &t tba •holr bod7 of' th.- ?liauon U.O
Nial�-, lnn, • ti hM 1101 vuh1n1.At1I) 11 1hcnlltrr..l to nthrr ffl"1 or 6'Chrt
N••� ""1nMn, .t.ilu1,t, ,,.,.. 1t1wf ¡.-.,t.,prndn11
As, meh al'lt t.ubJ-,c, to ffiir' lawt o( JlMUft\ Md M 1ti.i1r unlUft &n a, ,l
klll:tHy aa.n not nrcnpc. th«n trom lho oblicabOft ni otMIIM•1n1 thaie ...._
ainco an lhat utHoft 1lwy r.m.m noM 1b,;, Ir- mc-n. lbt whole �•tlnn,
•hoM' 1:ummon .. ,u .._ IM.il Uw c.uk'D""' 11( 1tw un1t.d •111• o( lb. oLatrn•.
r.m..ln. Mlb)k't (ü dw ..... ol NIIIUN and il bi uriJ to ''"'*1 thoml IA ..u
u,�l'l(tl.···
Sucb • man·, na1ur9 th.11 he, il flOl ,ufflrir-i,:. ww, hJmMlf and
�y i,t.11.nd• lft � ,,( f.h• ..-IMllfttr �·nd 11\trffOUtat c,f h!jl
fp J.tw-. 1111 hoochotr t.o P"'-""' h• lif• or ta ¡..,.{lfil1 lu•..t( an.l fi,.• 111•
b.nl.11 • rawn.al an1J11al • • • Tbtlfffl.ft.. �1:1(11' naiu"" ti. 1,�n.11tu�
mm tlws. u. a, a cloar pnl(I(" thAt 11 1Dt41'1J thffll IO bveo tocl"llw.r and
mutueUy lo otd 11nd � Dl"l(t an,,dw-r
\\ lhrn "-"'" a..�� tti «t "' mmmon.11nd h.ntt C,'n'rl � ,• lhnr
richlA and .ubm1u..d tlwlr •,U lo th• wh,.,a. � ,. r-, 111! tt,nn,rn.t ihto1r
rorm1110n aoo,d. d dfflih.91 tbffl..vforth Up)ft Iba body, dMt Nat.e. and
upon 1tt rult'C'll. to fulfill the duta o( hum.an1ty tmr.vct.. ou� m .U
m•Uf"n m w+tkh lnd1,,.ldullbi att r,a � oi bhrrty � K\, ond 11
p,nda.,.rf:y no.la •1th 1tw Nbit• t.,1 (ulfill ttw... .,,.,,.. s.,,...a,J. ctlh,,r
s......
• • • HMOt th• tmd <A t.h., ,rr.t 9drirl<r �w..d by llaturo
1mnnc .U nat1Cfftl ui 1 �¡. t.hat or nw1ual ...»1.o.ru. in ordi.-r to
....,rm th�� ,anc1 lhrtr rvnct1110n.
°Mw n...........,..i Ltw. 'flhJCh 111 to be round 1n thf. \'ff)' f'tvl or dw,
IOdrly í,( l<:aúonA., JA lh.l Nffl N°•lli-,n -.h.uuld ow,lnhf.it.... f.v o. 11 r•n
10 &.he ti.pplnot1 and adv-ano:'1rU'nl of IJlho.-r Nat.lOftf..
But .. 1c.. ctut.. towud. u...tr tl.iarh P"-"tw 0\1'r 1tt dul-* w.wda
ottwr., • fli•tw n .,.." LO UM"lí. • • pnm� coneidrnluon. •ho.t19er 1t c:nn
do ro, ,t• own tu.pp1,...t.11nd Mhitnft11M'nl 11 .ay wtuitrw, 11 '*"do.me
mw.n.i.n.iplit,knllt on>, hui�-*• •h.al U aAdot Lawt"":, ju..t.Jy,
and honodtf ) • • •
SU'tl"I" Saonm 1nr f'm- 11nd indeptodcnt ol ont anotb« i1li, mm an
by miturtt. thit M'aMld plM'flll law oí thrtr J1r.lt'l'°1t)· • 1.hor "*h t'<iat1M1.
fflOuJd be &.ft IO lbe ,.._..bltt f'n,,l)'ltlll'RI r lh.a b...,.., whech ttdour to
rt by notun Tho &tural IO('.ty of nat,urw an hot cun1m1,.1.. un],,..,• dw
n,hu whkh hittonc to Meh by n.aau"' an• � • • •
� lhl'ft .l't' tO" MlUfl" tqual ancJ tholr tiuh'J'ltlual �·· and
obbpuUIU dw .....,., u cumut,f fllfl&llU) ítum rwrtur. S•u� wh1eh •nt
(Olhp.-od o{ mea .nd ,n.ay ·- r..pt\W .. ..e, many r� � hv,,c
�h,,r 1n • elakl ni IUCIJl"CI, art �· mt.tun eqw1J and huid fn,m n.ihlt..
tlw uaw ubüplio ,.. •nd tM' MlM riJhlA Nttn,th or � lJl tbi,
ruo. eou.m. lor nuc.lu-.r A d•uf .. • 111\K'h • "9f\ • A ¡:iani 11- • folM.IJ
fttpubht .. M .... ll a'l'l"ft1llftQ �t,a. lhan tblt n.O.t Ja,Wfflu.J Ji.int(llom
-Fn. th•• .-qual11y lit rwc,,uu11) follutr• ,a.,
•·hat II lawf\al ur
�I (Qf aew S.cJoa '- equall) &...-ful ur U.h..•ful f.,r � ott.il'
s...,., •••
.... ' ..... A

Pfrwiiupe � Thfl t:""""'"tO OÍ t.h• Id(,• IJf lhfi h111fiY1duah1fd Sil•I• IR

t'rom thf, f«t lhac lu,...viduall l..-.1 • � in .tt.ir:h � �•
aftll mwil 91'1. ,n Wlk'ffl it ,.. n� thllt • publtc
CllJfflmM tnt.,n,,tib
�thorlt, .. a,t • •hkft -,..u n,rula1. - fll"'M"'I.. v., dutJtt," "........
mnn.bet witb t.-ptd 10 iJw � ot llMI -..udlttaon. Thii puh11c .,t.hc#i.
'7 Rlftlltlutn ,t...�. and t., Of thC')'. in whom 111t v-.d i.l the
eqlrff'ftP •••
E,W> Ntwoll wh.:,h I0'-1'ftllJ ,tM:t: undi-r wh..t"""' lorm, and whwh
.._ nat � .,. any Cllher Nmao. LI • 90itttl.f'I ,',lau h• ri.fcbt.. an.o,
1n the Ndural ordn' thr ,,... • tbciN ot f'l'ttY ()C.htt Hllau,. Suich a., th.
� o{ thli •oral fl""IJ'P wha IIW' h"'1hr,o tn • .atty 491.abhshr,d
by ,.,UN> IIIDII ...h,jao,(t cu tbP t....• ul S.taona Tu gh'l' • s.1.1on thP t1aht
IO• �,-.llion m Lhilaz-i ilOdet"!, ,t r....clonJ�beitrufy ·�
md mdtpcudwL. d. mmc ID'ftTb 1t.Nlf by ,tt own •uthunty aod lla fnl,-n
&.- •••
n......, ollb.!41.s.. lb.�- ••• �lh"�UU'y
lbt lnl#MttoMJ l.ep& �t4rm. ·• td At :19:J
l. &M.,.,,.,,,Nh tJrv/ /rilrrMl,ttJIOI IAm, �..... lht- p,._,m ul W.-.tfJhal..
ad thto not., un Hmt,e,., Chvtnui, •11d lh• l111tty y•.,. w,.,1n ('b.pb,t II
Wh.11 ""°"'""' 11( •qlCJn111n1 11nil •ulhnrlt)' dld lht fNl('tl 1lf W..s.ph,ih•
....nt t. .,.� 1••,.,• .nM•1gnt, l'Uh•h•IPhl Wrllh ll'w nt,tJon lh•t lht«ft.9
llon•I t.w l'IUI prtA:ld.. r11h,,ii 41111n�•mln1C, lbr Cl'lllln� how • .-.,. tN11t.1
lndividu.,a ur IMIN furo, qaln"4 •nuthor •lllle'.' Ooot Uw �· óf
•11 ._. In nal• lll' lnt«n..tll)nal I••
col'.'Klmll.na 1MTT1to� tnLtreni..
,JUrt11brUonal •ulbarary, Clfld protodion• fo, c1t.l.tt.nt ttGvrillu'l •brn.t h.ap ID
Ntablt.ti Md pnitol'\l'f' t.heo "rt111111" m M>rl'Y 11th('r 111110," Ato:,rdlna la Mnrtu
Kmilfflnlil'ffl¡,
I\Vlr Qlflnnll dl."dUt"r 01.• f'I.U'nl or a at.aw',. flTtldnn� of 11t't-'11n rmu lhr
fac, nf WI aLatl"hond �l't'tpH,Y Is. • th. �Ninrnt C1uurt nr
ffll'N"
lntflffllltlun.J Juat.J"" n1,ttd In lwt.1. IHI "�tlall} r,,111,,v.. qua,atlon''-
�I nQ '«h11W\'•r l11w 1ti.,r,, bi 111 nu1alt 11
Afll 1nt,ornatwma, 1·onn1rt J111.t11p*"' tb, r""4'tk,m u( •-C1on u('*º ur
ffll1N' .._._ All rtinRkt ""°lut.lun lnvcil•ew. huund.u) dtiuormin.llon, or
r.h;. d..ltmut•tJon 1d' orn, •oMll�'• nwdum 11( •1:tlon upin.C that u(

-
rll. tbe ubfisprt..., ud nd,,u nM.tin,i: to 1t. ,it:,,�t, •nd an h11t1 iia tu Mathut. Wci annoc Jcuk ror Jullllfk.atkin In t,1.tehood beeww ou.r lalk
be l'or;md lM monJ prNon •mch. '"°"""' ceuin, to nill fundaman.tally colMNll.a l>f'9Ci.tly uf lf(vmlc •webood ...,. normauve ""* To dtctdll

"'°"' ifflportatlt ÜWI .to,ehood '°

1n 1� Slll•>fl. no loftlff KC., f"l('Ppl � him and In hun. H.f'
""P""N"'U � P..:llliPft Ut .ti lll:IIIW'n •hich btlo "I to h1• p.lll 1ax\ W' •
- .,.,, Qw,,fÑNu
I n., l'Ollnpf ci( .'llal,, • H " M - �,,.. 11' .......,., Hu th.,
c,a;-ep; f1l IJw .m,/,t c:b.Maed 9'W lllDI'• ..J.o Bo:ba, v.nting UI J.57&,
Gllla'\bfd md e rrrJheel,-d � pohbcal 11U1boTity m team of tbe
unJ'.d CDll.n>I ni monarcbt &Abst tdiffltifít,d ••......_ ni �pttw,.. tlwt
a� Mpl"(MI� • tDt.....-th''" m&ffMI M11htlft11 nw- '".eri,itt.-... lnth,d
boundlU"y di.apuk9 wUhr,u1 "klLlltnc ,o.,,,.l¡rn uqwdu,,. wl! 11n1ltnutod
l,o mt.cn, l!Mt IUII bN'...J'dnt•llr
pnw• a ,;u.tificailon fnr drewma lt.8 bmü Ir\ fl()ffll" pGI\JCWm' •v
Manta �"""' •"flvo Yutun• cir t,lateh,c)od,'' 3:l Hontvd lnhYllálirl1141
l.- JottrqJ !11>7, -44� • l�I ).
3. Tlli Drt�NI of JM �lak S."*"'. t1.U11WU11f tj,., l\illd!> OÍ W'IN't·
phalta, _....., w1th droftned hm1ndanf'e hel:arnr Lhfi pl'l'dominan& flllffll nr
puliUmJ �UU,:m 1n F.Aln'P" OuWdo of Jo"unfP!", � ..Jao eotnllwd �
Gtbtn' (urJIUI c,I pulitbl ...t•ll11n11hlpc 11'1..m•r r,,p,ru.. lrmt11rlal)y bnund,,rl
-...,. *"' ltlOdlirn pbP.tlOmWA t:nt.il th• l"tM 19th t'ltntucy, fnf "�phJI. dw
rulen of Siam 11'hlllland!:

m.pit _,final'º.
,d Uw n,:bt4. IOlt,,cl dw 1'4'God and PIIIUl'f',.. �I

Ciad.,.
CMmt � Cl:M � llet
ed
oam"
and
fealtito miel� • �
C!Cdltrolled • aot or llfK"('fflb, n-.·IMl)ll<lOQ& pi� 11(\"Urdlng w llwtr PM·
Ulúl7 aad wel'w.nl!• w Bangkok;. tru'9r•I a1t1Ln.&id 11pH"1t11,; '°""'"'•·
..._,•.,_ lUm. .._,,. IJ'Dde rouw. or papul11um1 fbulf cbd .om. cooceiYe ol • • • au.thority in
,,..,. llodm .,,... So lh,l,o o(. ( ........... lf;Ofl Engljah U"MH of tft'ln• fl temt.ln • • • Hienuoetueál N!latJttm: beitwoen 'rariowl "flllln
Uld -.,.tp,dJ,. �·l'Ollr.roJ tMJ1' ""61.tnUOW tam�. dtllnod �.
--e»
fl;pJJ,.,.. -� ri.u,.i.. ,1<1w ..i. 1""2
t..tl!r- IIC:bo1an � IDDff .umUPn to n1"'"91 rriatirwuihq. I IJiOlll1dariN, � n11& lhtn d�linos but mlbcr ..tabslantia1
(>m,vl� wa, t:a.i. • \"1Url. •bo w-. • Ít'flqur1Sl1ly cil,d--.ittW1n 19lh� hounda111l'o •cire indtolc-rffllndlll\, OY'ffl po&en-
e-wry es: 1rp1 ..pm,111 ,_.. fl"U-,-. m Dfcid �.u .. � eo e� ,..._. or JrJN!lt �....
talJy nlnl,ll.
� &. , 393' t!i LF.d. 611 lfi:57 w � eoun·.t moa llÚmlOWI � T Furd. "Llw't Tf'fTil.l?r! , A H111toty QÍ JurSlbcoonl.' 9� Mwlu,t,m
� � .tasuoe � ttt.d bml't!y oa v..1.rL � ,._.. w
Jaftb. """' ,e,.,,_ �. 888-89 11999,. r� � Wink'hAlul. s-"'
-IJMJ � md la� IA•..,. .f.1 f'd11mout Mnml fl( Tron•JW,o,wl Mopp.1: A HHh)ry t,( tAr Gt!tr-BtxJ:, t,f'a Nulion • 1994J �,11i1.ataon In llw
Low ':'113 <2Ul)S') � ,_..,.. tllllC \.iuf � 1dlh 11- t1atM .,.. JOl.b C11:1111W! UD red to 1bo trw1$.Lio el trUiny 111.al.lei, .,,.., t1ltploN1- d"ult,ni•
not� UI ta. ..a,,qJl. _._,,,. l\1ticb cor.lmUe 14 hav,, � Are -- Uon md ,iclf�tion. in Port B of Cl'ilptc,r fl For dh-'118tlion of lbec
� or ddf«att t.tun. � IClmJ, w .ser-iut, WJth lM """""""'" apnwd p( U,,, Eu� n,dcl oí .utbbood to other p,:rU o( u,,., v.ourld• .,...
sau" :,e,:� 8r.cAlc. � • V•"'J .vid 1hi! Y..all'r'naliu11r,n or 11obn1 H ..bckaon, Qti:o,1-HCJJ#· 8"""""11,:Y, litWMtaollOI Rf'iotw,,, Mí/
:-0;:ueeit, & JJllfftld o/ dw Tfutvr, h( t•nwN'J.llal Low 237 1:M03) dw nird Wa,IJ .&9-81 (19901
- • n.,,,...,.,, o/·- va1..i - "'"' - .... ,_,... -
............... - ..._ ,,,. prindplo .e jw,d,col _.... "' - ..
.....rm.llm.Altim lulth.�--f'....oWfttlnft.•+ t � IN-11,w,•
m Art.lde 211 o1 dlit t'.._. N.C.lllnll n.n.t �.. ID í'hW J�
c... ,
.... "
p p � .... �-Mly IO Of'IIMin Ü..W u ll .... fil. 10 �
..,.. ha ........_ ectrtnw,, 111 ..,.._, and
• e 1su, rJl 11a ....
'° •nn.
tJw ju.rlld.lruor,
...
., .......... ., .
- In--
- o1 u,o U.&.._ lGWt. •"• _.,.. ot ........... 1o _,.
1 .... ..._ Uw ,.,,_ ......,. ul •.U..&." M&9- n.
__ .,.-
_... hmlta<loft ""'·-

s. "º .._ ,
•,.,.,...,. ed,
..... 2:1 t lfl. ,:a. •
r..u •· :112 nm,. - ....,
r..-.i .- ... - u wlly1 ,...........
Ñf .
.... - �.,.......,.c_lh bll>orieldofláoft... - ... ¡urldl.:111, ., llld - ..,...i
,.. _..t.n, al U. Unud Nal..,. tlenan&y Ccwal IO 'fWlO ,_., Tho .,_.. da ....,_¡ upon llw
.-s.. . ,...... whidl il &o_,. IS.�. bul Updn lti. 1ample t..'l
l. ._.,..,,._. -.. Lnll - a
n..,,,.. 1ba1 .,_ IGI !llmM ol lU nf• E: M • ........ UJlll.r ...................
....., u. 1nosa. o111w p... •..,. C-.-rt o11"....,..

"'---·-·- _lo_..., .. .,.

..... ..t.üat. ot .....,.. pnariplN ol ... ·- ... ,.... Amtlr5
'..is-- n. Am :le sd rflhtl � ..._.,. nat ...,.eJblf al betnc llrect·
�
....... .a:..__ .... ..,. ...... + t
_.... ..,_¡¡,..,..._--
1
"''
.......... o.. Oldnfie !Uftllli" lb.e m1&la ...... ol Amd,8
�- ...t J Wl.....-lloe with •&atn UUtl _,. .i....t, pul c,f thil' Tho ._- al a ..... -1, lhol llw whlcl,
''(Mii) ... I• tJw ......_ en« U... .o\mPn:an Rrwlui,r,n. � l'nrkid 9cMr.
........
... '° �
...,s..,..,.. thai& il ... ...., J .... EW'lllpl'Ul fuait, .,
w .,... ,.,,,.. � .,.,.,,,Jcjfl
_,...._ I& -
.U.J l wla.Sby
-...u,, "' W11h .u ripb and
Re 2#2 ttnnlluncondluonalilnd
t,( ,.,,,...,...., i.-:.
b••• ,. ..
......,o1 .......
en., 4'• rklN 11•1114, al -....,o t10IH tto. ffllt.W • _. Jniin l»
1�1ou. �-=.............. Oppwo.......... �
91-. W,,. tt, �..a cannnt da.- -, rtpt wb:b • a.abn ol dw
-�1
n. ._,klaa .ta tlale - lw .._ o, a.di
*•�
,....,. ti ,,..._ - IOWVdii olbn ..... • •• � 'NC!Plh,i&IDII T1w ..,,.,. multo
or _..loa ""' .........
-�,
tint, IU'ld ntÑ_...., • SIIIN � • laMr ,.,,, Pwnon - liD1 ... whl<h llllplloo .... -
fil biln.a..a.l t.• .. t t.. t)ippfflhN111. l'*"'-1.,../ l,w t 71 i 1905L
(..... ,_ C'w, d " ..- 11( �ü111n'• ·�.ih,.,...,. ,. .,..h llwt
•........,... "'9l....l tri� U11 tbP Mon....W.0(........1,_. ...,,_

THY. MONlT.VIDt:o COl\."\"E.'IITION

.,_11•-
.... - ............ - •• tho lnlorul ---
c...,....._...,.._...Dua.....,,-...
U. • lNI. .. -.. D7 l. U TA ll ,.,. •"" ....... ,

_.,__ ..
l Tlw � o,.,...,.u,"" 1• ff1""'1ftll eo.u.rt. Tlle,.... ._.
M;<I, I fl.w W• 1 ... • lfUWlh UI m,1ltjl 7 ial Clillllbftclltiao 6rla promoiHIII'
.._. p. te he � ......._. ,.,.._, s.. n..m. o. erm,. "IWlatas
Th, ..... - • ..,..,,. '" � .... lhoukl s--- u.e 9d L d ne ..........., � and l1I DiNoaleta." J7 C.ol.o:.-.0
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widel7 tttni ............. _... pnqlmt .twn 1t .a. dra&d S.. Gr•t �
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3 TM {'"c,'Ullf.u:br< ond l>«l.otYdun n«.t.o o{ �1,f•Ul.loL 11 noo,;m-
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d.orLuwt b lt:dap alwuce dvtulfll U., clmiol.,.\llan J\.,.....,A& 1n thP Nrb
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,,....., � (�'e a,qiainc. uwt w..dnru•'• U:Wc uf U..� uf
Gr'lllli'IN' • DGltWD n.-pia. SN P....a C. !M.al.t, llllnld:UC\Or) Sieü," 34 1 LM
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cu1hn& <Ult6 ftNd' to � u f"Diit� brfoN n leallJy beoam� a .aw.e?
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...., �.. oí ....� •po;itiDft""-1o4mMln11111:S_,..6of
lJ» � CaoWOUUIL BOi wbo 4'wrm.iDei •11ether -an �Dutl l.t •
IIUU'! 11 m, ebllbJIC Wde d the deamicm fflillll«• ..auld nct u.. nuicruuan or
�uon o( ut'llhood llh11PS ,.. � • to �-t' • IMtft
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uon.of'pW!mllnU S..lh" T1JIIX'O..lr6otndiio,i ,n Pal1 B b.l.,..
.._ Tk "antfJ.'!'ilida Do t.bo, � � ·� t-9 •
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llat.t>• WiiiCDii ......... bundll!ci(npt.S..d ctul'"", -,,h ......LN
bl-inl ..lllrft JM� Iba �l 0r � rTff"1 -*IBUI
.... A ffUl IIOVlt1UUON nAn
III Jl,m,.,.IQN, 'rh.. l\fJNhll.• ni Nuul\l, cm •"cht 1qu11i,,.nult• M111.1th
P..ine i..land wtth • pr,pu.la\1un (11( ll,noo, Jotned lho l11u1od N41li.,n1 1n
.UI
19111 n., Pl'1ntip•hly ur Lltldtlt'n.-tthn 19;l 1q11111ro mtlot¡ pipulntat>n
33.000 , wb'Ch ,..... admkutd to lh9' \Jnltc,d t,haUona 1n LWU. ho.1 dt-loot
ed to Mwtl1ft'land much tOIJIPOf'lll&b,llt.y for Ita d41frnm. t'U� 411•1.tW,
..wt dlpkimlllM' "'laiJIJM wtt.h a1hc>r 11141""
b. SM4Jt.Aottd ·.'ltokw .. I• �· N•.,.�u N..,p,,n n Jlt.llt.c-" App,m,-.
....U.ly 200.0DIJ NaY!V'• l,;vr wtth1n • larlll', dtlllrly bnundAI h!n'itoO' 1n
ltw 11U1,1lt,"'""""1 l 'nUr,d Htatre, In 1Ho6(( 1h,- �11v'9'.. -.kn11"'1fitt,,,J
thlt &.he- tnbf. •·we law(\llly plllll"fd und..r U..- .-itdn,.,v.. juri.tk1111n •nd
prol.ltltlun ot' th, UnltNI !ól.l•tn TN!M)l l..tw..n th, llnit.:I fq:,.. ,.r
Amllf1t·• 1111d 1h.. N11v"J11 TrU"' �1r lnd•n,,., � 9, 1849. ;u1 1 1 St.t
'7C 'l'b. Nuirvo Nauon h.. lt• oWn wn,ütull(in, oowv-·..r. 11.od •.iwrdMII
clumeutk •lf1JUwrrnauw. wWaln buun.W:i... • � ..n 1!111\ trt�uy
Tr.ty e.rw-n lM IJnlwd S�• of Amorklt ud tho Nav11p> '[l'ibit uf
tn,h.,.,Juna 1, UMl,., 16Htnt. lJ4\1
CGlnpare, t.be ttal.UII oí Kuwa.11. aftor ll W'u O\..rru.D by Iraq lQ lfUO,
an .wnt W1t conaider tn t:líapt.er M tn eoilnldlOn w1th .._a pt01cnptkm•
.,.uwt tlu, u• uf fo�. Or c..1,-(IC!f' � ealll' •14' 1:'..t.on-. •h"--h 1:wico,m,,
1nihprnd.nt m 19111:. WIM r""'IT\Jn a.nd Mnl"ll4'1'i h)' th-' �vlirt l nlrin "'
1"'1. 111,d "'plllfld 11.t lndcpt"ndttn("II ¡n 1991 \li'i.,i H.tt1>ru• • •'-�
t.4"'91111 UMO and 19911 Con,¡.'1' tc"1 Jhlo !lt..U.a• u( colunW• •OOM!
°''
dlaeu.wb � Mf·deuimilnat.Jon In P.rt 8 C"hapt...or 8 º'
l.t'Ullluan ..-. (14JI lnd�"IV'il' ma,y ti,,. ....,.... W- �u..l R. lhr
c. "Foil.al &c»tt9 ·• In 1991, Snm.al\11·, '«"ttlr•I IC'M'mm•nt _,,�
..,..__ l!mtnhuu"M w w,tk.pn.w.d pWll(lfl 11nd �lu.lny arnunw riVM,l
dula In 1982, thit t.'nlttd SlatMlo a.nd Othlir .Ullill llll!hl &.ruup,,i 1.u
� 'lb«-t troope were NOl; �t.nl to U N Soaurtt.y Counc:11
Rm:alullón 1W4. tq pn,vide h.umanit.arian n!lt.f lo dmplat,ed penon1, io
t.Jp m,t«e. pc,oce; and lltAblhty. t.nd. to 8td Wlth "a Yiecw t.o �
UM! Jll'UCl'N of e pohucal IH7U�nt, und•r thti tiel� ot' the Un,uct
SIIIJowl •• f.fTorbl Lu n,pc.ialL< an mtl tn lhn o.U wer pnmod una,,-ilinc
dllri,w dw 1990,.. ant.1 the ln\oc1l�11nt of tlw- l!nlW {1.11.Uooa and nt.t.r
nun-SuniaH ..nLill• ln •rruf'tll 111 l'fllnal.ld S11mall.11 ••11
a,nt.mwni.ial. S....
Ruth Gordon.. •·&Yi.Qfl F11Uied l:il.at.N Sc!CIMtl� • S�.lfll So·
aon,,. l2 � Uitu.1nul)' Jour1'QI ¡){ /QIA•rrNJl�o.l l.<1,1"- ot1d Pul�
a.
903 1 Ul971;. OGra,ld S Hcl.rnán SUtven R. Rauwr, "Sln,ng f'Alltd
°"""'"'""'
81A1tes,, 89 F� Poltic,, Wmtw IW'l Ui93. 01 3: N'ti Lante Wlllllee--
llrucP. ·oc c.11.pi,,d. Oy,,luacticlllal omd s,...., ci.,n.._
Ln lnt«nalilN'IIII l.a•." 41 NrlhrrlúndlC lt11UMIIIJMI f..lW) ll.f!l'Ul'liO 63
1200(), C.anunuiq .,1c,Je,nni in i:inmalta h• kod oblletvé!n to q,\lelUOft lhe
"8bility ata 21?(1( 1lfP'l*ffllllnl amnng.$c1t1n•li dAn )� •bkh c-.aU• f(lr
a lllllima1 parliam,ll)t 11nd pturiliell • mech.nillm for -elta,c:tua{( t.O.er
..,..,.._ olllml• See MAu,: �. "$<,,,,,.U, 8-h p- JJo,,,I Aftw
ltor.ffl Yt111A o! ,�.. !t/4'• ron 'l'Jmn:, Jan .:JO, 2004 DI A:3,
d. Slatu m &cono"Jir ""d St"""V(k U,uon, Th.e biM kno111'n
nmapki e(• fUftd.kintnr. m,;bly inleemod 0Ct)ft('1mit unk...: ot Rtataii iM
tllm Eun,p!l'llft Un111n, bul nu""""'"'ª c,f;hrf a..-,
uMUnar. ,,- Oowr,on....b.h u( �r.:ie:11 �lN. fonnr,d tn IWI
whm U. � Vtiion ��. i. Coff'l...... � A.lttl...;,ut AnM-
u,i_.

nill. Bolarw. eoor.,..,. Kauk.twlan. t(y"3.C. \t..W."•· ,tw R�

abo nuL For
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aba, and S.rwM,nlJ uf Uw !loty ti,;. .. 60 íall.l,/ié l1".1,w.lj' ,,...

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0
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t· 1� �llliN 11,ut\ed CIOffllQMd of lffllCA>gk lll�tM) Í•"""- j111.nt
CPnl"IÍi °"'""nudMl- WffPOC'I• JOfflt d,oaSIOM eon SQUJlN\ U',.ituna llfl.t
6 S.. oNI Ad,.UINOII ,o tlw f '"dfd /1,Ql� h Nm&moft t.o W
l:D&a.d N."10GI • pn:iay tor Mtebood" "StotM'' CllftftOI u.rula14'naltr ..:flllc, 10
th,, '* d PN"""�IW �lln'N aM tn � un..wi S.. ti'• Alm• U. ll S t-..iirr J\«lonlinr, lo Aftn 4 ni lhiir I :-1 ""-"""· �,,.....brinc
AII• Otc:...... l<lft. Plot 21 1991 �H l LM.. ll& ISl6n� ClS et.na,t, llto\m'' lhM wa,at th. l'ho""' • obll&Jltlir n. atld •·.,... a1,1r .nct wtlhns io
Ju,... l2. 199.1 :W 11� M. 1:.t11 ( l\1%1, C I.S 't"Naty on Cnat»o e,( Qff) nul .. U-. CJbC.,,.,Jm, tti,i, ,-.. .tm.11.,.j h;. MtiClh o/ tt. l' .N r-.cun1,
P.ftlnoat\c l 'n111""' !'l"'J1I i,4 19"13., M 11.....'I l:t'AI 11!:!06. t Is ll,und uf Cvu,.-,1 and f'n,n.nl Am,.,mbl, Vwtt.1..U, 9'\-"') .a.t• t-,l,nnp 111 U. L'nhatd
� ,t/ Sl.t• 0,,c.� tHI �IJl.nwnt uf (Á:lnfhtU,. ..._.....,.,.,
NaU.. •hkh .. 111 Jwf)- 20IX'l h.t 191 ...-.ib.n Oi:• \' N 1rWl'llb.r.h1p
F..w. •nd Milstiu)i 1"ni,n1n¡: Jan 14. 1� � 1 L M 7�1 UJ".16 •
....ur• 11U1.bood 11a11W? WOfto d� �lotuman !'lS k pnd thu, IJknuu.An
� M O.nilfnU. •·n. F.nonrlllr-K' l',our1 al dll! C"ammnn...tlh nr
�'lll !o�" $1 ¡,,¡,.,
}'ur6 tJ"'4\0'r�h J, r,r,t,,,,I o{ ,...,,aat�
SSR Uruon lwpcab&Q &n lb.e� l."«uoft t.hat ._,. amc;.nc tbo $1
o� ........ Cll the Unlkd N•�• rm1b ...._-, The ho'1.t CIOMlih1
l.,au! oltd Pol�1t• .._, 4 JPQl1 �.,-, lo th. A!JM Alu [),,d.r•I�
� C.t .S 11-Mlt "'W � • SI.a••
nur • tuP""'"lt..1• 11Pti\.,t fw.lu.
IJIJD dNf tonnalty .cwd UIUOII L,Nbla ··ui111 ro, b) ft!l('I 1nto refatlON
Wlt.h ,.......,. ....... condudl, """""' .uh uw,- tlllCl'henef diip�lc ..,..
•nd t.ti. � Peditreuon hlfW'-oY« r..,.
-.cr-d on •••n rltarf- eoftli.t.l.w �la!�. and lll � p&r1 11\ dw ...,,� J l�nwtaonal .._nt,
pootnJ and �-. uot Iba t.how C'l.•ntdltplawd und.r C 1 � UMtru. ,..,.... .. Ji,hn S H.ou,d. C'.o11WtlUllólU 1,/ llw l�lrw• ttf' llv W,"'4c/ f,'4'°'.Jfl
1nrnt&. &.. �1ai.:h•I W� •·11u9a .nd OrleNII A#w To J.lUl in •
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o«., i,, l'M. ll M .r ...... s..:iolul !t.�, a., lP1'f !v.- tf.nn�uri \'1hopuu 'In_.....
• "°""'"" �,o;rn, ·'-'� Brkd ('anllda, ("..,,,.."�, ln.1111 lhe
� f'l!!lllft'•un. S.U..eriand. &lid tbo \;Dlttel Sulcft .,... r,f •um,._
t.JóMI l.,..L l'wononalil) GI l'a.M R.pubkli o( U 6 S.R ,"" 2" IMlf'flOlloNJ
•"" 0-ptUJII,,. Law Qwanrrl, 811 tlt7S• O.... nun11w,ub•ltAlp lft th.
l'NMd .S.. liolw ......-u, ....,. 1hot an etatv ¡. "°' • lllldlll1 Sua. Ullll
f..d«-1 •c.atft.
CnU"ld U. tw,pocwla ol a fcdtrol •� UK>bllel:"" be SwflMrlad dMI GOi lrU lht l'Dl-.d N•tJOm Unid �

•hlffl "1 n,o n( th,,- 21 �M n,uhbat llw ltUMian ··� t.

undirt tn1f'ffllll.onaJ li,w.f CCJCtaldn- lhe �1< p( �
111atro1

f•IANUn hu m aftll uf M"'1' ?f}..000 mtli!ii a9li II h,.,.,. 10 �tt'-

1$ � OM u.pllOM1' 11.ltA. /� l,IJlOl .Vo,r,,u Mhould
nuc» '""" ul IIUkbnod drpend on • p111nual auw', 10111C 1tnc botdrl'II
�lh ,u tw'Chbor'li clf •'l"1"Jll.ffil ..-... runk'OI o,111m1,mrn"'" :;haq]q rt'C.'Cll'ftl
1) ht •illll,n �r.,dnm1 ...11od.)' M<P ,m � In \1.-m 19".ll. ....,.. 60
p.n't'nt ol\•Qh in• m.11'nrham MI TatolnlJUI� 1blt1 11\P ltrpub, U... e,( •t.tl!tw•� � un 1n1.....,.1 a.lfflpl�nn- "1lh n,inr-
human ripl• and th. pn,,,..,-u•
°'""'"''"'
c,t nunrirJt•.. In 1991 U. f..urw:....,.
&,..1111opinc 11, ,....�. w11h 1t. �
•nd..-. c,Atha- W.kol,qualt,...._ .. n.,,
,..,_i on
he o/ T..t....,.n i;., • 11�•t'1Qrl ... ..., a ..ubj,,1 el 1n1,-,MtlOIIAl lr#

�,e •nd athn

Mat 2fl IW'J,
,,,,,.�lla
•• 49 Undff • f,*IN&r) Ulffl ,,_., brclii_.n RuiiiAa ar.id TDtal'lllbul,
T8W"lltlm � U .._ ·"un11tld w11h Ru.m. 11w �.
J..-i. lt. 19'JG. •t 43---4<1 Nt'1'Wt� fll41"M.M M&Ul11 u,
own c:IW'tl
OlbOll, � �JOII lhat •>Clll'11tn111 CflnfNCbcu frdr,rll( La.-. and
15 fc,n,¡,,'1\ �n.b f.rc.
lll.l:ltll•1A• 1t• «JWn d1pMlftllt11: llN "1th Mf"f
� N"ia,.\..,..,._ ..� •nrl
n«c.� 1w,.,,,
ra.,.a..an WI lntt'f'l'UIIWl.al ,..,,. .. 2:'
t( ,,.•.,,., ,Vfr.,1r,. \\ 1n1...""\.'-lpnn11 199'» ill 221, :....
Snrm 6 .Ad.el "'t1t°*'S, ni.,. Mai1) F•" ul W,J.n, ltu.ui• .. 19
FfJlfftlfll A/fo,n, )l.., Apr DIO, lll ""' � ..,., Qnan H. Opi:.bn.
"'t'«f.,..J Swff UI l� lfl� t_...i Ordet ' '3 ,\'dJw,,ltutd•
f..-,,o:VIMI to. f(,.... 35:t IUVIS.
( na, HolT :,,itt llw! llotr *refPn \O the tNS t1I �I J\ottt. o
JIW-11 OCCUl*'d by tdC'CefJ'lt\e f'wipee ot I� C-41lholm: l lunffl. fhe J.Wy Stot>
• lua11:f'd lrmtnnaU,. ,n the V.umu (..tt,y, •n tofltttF ffNffli h., a 19'J9
,,,.,.,� hrl•..,... h..t, IIOd ,..... 11,1> � ThP 11,111) S- .. ""JC •,1,,1> •
rdcipiu. tinld:, lt 1uuwun• ,bphw�11· n,lat'81» ._,th llhno.t álJ "*.. .,.
Mio P�M Cltwnw ..Uht� •I l1w 01111.t X.1,¡una., �lk:ipilwl in
t.be, ........ í:JI �flhl od,n, U,� l.lfpnlUhOM,. ancl �
Coalmu.rút) INlupled Gwd.11i. un 1.t. Rf(,cn1Ucin ur H.-. �1.. úa
r..nern eu,,.,. a.nd &n ,.._ � u,wn. · Sl 1 LM l<(N i 18921 Th.
O� pnm,dt, thuc n,,w llalff .t,ould d«nriodru1t thl, &.1rU0•1DtJ thanie
lffllllOCa........ olw. � btuc l"k'QClllnd ....-,et for P""'....,... v( u.
U.N (1'anff � for t:urupnn. Cl'la'UillitlllCllll ..'Wtta N!c;ard to thl!o rule OI
lno, drmorrac) ah:I hufflllll natica. ' ..,uanin_. for UW nehu of ethrut lftd
n.tiuna& 9"'Upl .,t,d � .. ,........, for lb.t 1n....w.i1IY ti ali (roritwn
•h.�h tan ont, b,o � •., pwrf'ul lbfnl'I• 11t'ld b)' c..-.mMl �· ••
aml "'� r»t Ali ""'"*'' O*lat1tu1rnt" wKh. � tu d....,.lllllffll
ad � non-¡ir� • ..U - to MCUr111 .od ,-.,lJNII .a.bíht)'"'
See lk,lamt ......... ••f.urope1111 Coaun1nuh R,nip.1Uc,n "' F.-lfffl f.urap.,m
� A Nw�wtor lntff..uBEIAI Law?, llliln�11SN,,r,,o{
J,.,,,,.,...,,,.,.J Law ho<.tdt1t11 Jj"•
B. THE RECOGHITION AND SUCCESSION
OF 8TATE8 AND GOVERNMENTS
Al Um•• 1n h1•t.ur)'. ctsan..- 1n .taita M"' b-n dt'l!lffl.lhe
1980 ud 119:l. (or n,un... lt..s .-1 Wn1 r;..,,..•ny un,INI ,. dad
Dt1"Wrt"n
� md. Suwh. Y.....n; Ent'" ..'*'-1 1'N,m F.thiupt•, C::,-c,ho.a,,.akia
- e,,. '
__
e.a. a- md m. Cecee
.,.,.,_
t uf C.... Rlcl .,. balb lnd.ba.d lo lN!'
"'º
Md Y.....-,1., ond u,. !lowiol 1 ..... Ndl

°"'"---- ---(Ju,-·--
opllt m - lalO
.....,.. � N....w. ...., ........ .tvrina thlill lloyol llmli In lllo - vi 11111!,000 ,....t by 9118 ...
lhan.,...
lnd .,,
p,rio,I. Olld o l:n..... "'•"- Tn,11-,p _,. 1ho Monhall l.._ lb 1 ...- loill,, hoW b, 11w lliudi INol (<,,tnJ c.... 11,,.
.....,. C1uinp.l"' ..-,m...... r..,..,......,...
cmunon ln .........._ °"-1 - by duo.......,,..,,,•.-, by 1ho Ti.-
...... s.. pw,rnnwnb -,. l. Nll.caD, � hvm t.har pr1d,oer .,,. ....... 1918 vllllo r...,....... .... and uploU .,¡J ......... ia
_.. •t.a. rw ........., .,.. CIIQit.lluílDM .,. � or .....-,nme,nu
falllo ....... - - npl by Low "' Nullilloo and ,h,.,uld t.. ......,..i
ln1............i t._.. ...... ,,_. witb ....i - -...t IO 1J1o
,....ur.......,1oncr1 .w.. minct P""""ePnt... In th• Part � aamine l°ou!'
._.81,o
- ... ·--
.............. r. Iba...., ....,,¡ la - .... boholf ol
lhal
ol 111• bonk
aod U,. __...
i lwdandp.... .-bylbeO...lliau,ao..nun.n1
- ... llnc - --· lollowftl ..,. th ......
........... ,_ pol --- - ....,w- "' -- Tiio --... o( e.o,., - ·- !la _...,, .... 11,o .......
.... • IU$Jli t 1 d 1 w el s.t. Tinaco m,,wm....i and ...Yin. tMt t.he t.- of
-- _ -ol llo � ...._... po- lt
1111!: TINOCO AB.81111ATION
_, .,.." , ..,. ...
,.,,,.........._ .......,y.r....i,.i-..,u,• .,..,..,....,.......,..,,
.Atli&NI_
....... H t.a. � °'6M,.....• • ..,..,.....__. [lf I• tm., lllol.owvlNuD,._
.,..ra1 �·
(In
&A�.,..,,.,.."'----'&.-1t; 1• 1t�I.IAA• uma Is • conl'WI.... to canaidi,,< nnt IM to both
""'- ... pr'OOPl'dlnJ undft ......., or .,...,nwon bttwtien (jfflll - o( c¡,.. - ........ .., Coola - ..,.¡ .... ir - .........
IJ - _,.,, .,.....it. r........, u,. ......,. of - claim Olld C....
Bnt.Mn u-r e-.
Rita • • •
In J.maa,y. 1917, LM GowrmnWll ul ("4..a. Lra, un.In �l
-··.-w--1o11.
Caadna - ...... ...,...i - o¡,pl- .. liolb ...._ o,.
Atfn,do «ttnler .._ �ro..a. br F....s.riro Taaoco. llw s.er.t.r,, al
Bria.an eon1rn11.. ftnt. that tlw 1inocc, F""'ftffl4lfli ..... Lhe only aowm�
Wor C-flod tDOCO_,..¡poww <OIWOll.-_ond
-,.e ol Cllllla Ita d, (orlo ami d, ft'ff lor lwa ,_,. ..et n.ln• mc,ntha*
euiih.awd • _.. �rluttan ,n Junr. 1911 Hui ...,.,.,_mt OlClli:m,t,d _,.,.... _,..,_dloputialll.. ..-
uadl �. 1919 ..h... T1nt1rO Marl'CI. .Id W\ t1» count.ty H1•
Tbo-.......- ...
�--·-
-• r.11 ID ...,._...,. 1o11,,,,..,. ITPw .W _....utlon ...
_ond -
_ ......... ,..., __,....i.i_ti,......,...
- -·� -.,., ... ·--·""· wtU,

... _. _tb.__
- . . . . . . - . . lh·-·
d .. : oc» "' '"' pNpW

º" ,,... ,m. u,. c.,-•·......, , _ °'""'4'

tipMllarJ" lo thu lrNtJ' uf arbdnd,M

.._._... C"oü ftX'9III ,...,....-n, ....... a ...

:llDd "' - --·- ·1..,.,... .... ., __,_..,_
k.111,-11 - .....
!'<fulhüiill So , 1 lt lnftlidaled .U conCnc&a ..C.wwn t.llM.' power nen.ti,• - - In - or 1o...... ..-.1a •. ,lho
...w,, 11uo1
o<1 o(NuBIIJ•;.

---
bo�.
.,..... .,......., ,1..,,...,.
- - - ............ --
%1, 1917 ..i _.,..i
f'<,pwmhor o( 11,o
2. IYl9 �
.......,. 11,o witb u,. ...._ ............ - witb u,.,........
pniod ,, thir 1111(1(9 �._.,,, 1, .e.. nuU.W tlw �""' � '*'
¡o,w mml ......, b. fw awd by &lw F"ffll (mt,i ltimn Goft'fflmtnt.
�u 12 ti U. T,nom p-.mmn1, dal.d J11rw 2" 1919 •11&.bPri,ma tiw and - IIJt - wbich .... i.- 1.....iod,,. llw ......... nult1n.l
-. ol tt.. 16 aailliuft � cum,n,ey nolft Tbo culna. ia • e"""*' Ricm
..,..._, ..........,..,_,..,1,oq,,a110te ....... or .. ""'""'-
dollu', hl.d d. • llllt'Otrwd Md � � vahw ol ttw, plplT Mlon dllt,.......
&haTo - - c.-
11,oW,lli
IO'll'IUDIIDI not- -- ....... ,.....,
O d, /odJO O, d,,J.,.. .. WMQUWUI
.i,•IIJ ln �- u muc:b .,._ n,. N•llrt.,. t... alm m........._. .....idisir• .. • """"or ..-......i :.w. .,,,,. ,,,_ .., - "',...
u. ................ .., u,,. n,_.. ,..........,. "'July s. 1v1t. -i-,..
•
&na thco nmll.luoai or DCJtft tJ lM oomen.. ion (IÍ 1000 colona, ad Seooed. ,,_. U.. ........... ..,d oblipUono uf lhe Tlnooo .,.....,,_
aftnulH aU � w'1h ludl mlooN bll1t 1.-twetn holden, and thr -. .. up by Onol - oo bohalf o( 11,, oub;,e,.. ore wid, oad do
-caw, darwt!, ar indtftd.b. h, _.._.. of ,..,r.etim .. flthlr.tt. lf 11111 a...a. a J.pl t P a bon, --.ue t.be � ol Ttl:liboo ad tta
u..r.by llw bold,ra ......,.,,i ....... • 1r •...., ....., .......,. bi11o o( - .... 111 _ .................... .re.a• Rica"' tff71
l'Uffffl( .....
..........
a
..... - - .. *"""' . , .... ,... ....... die! ...
I• lhf. Tlnoro F•annwn* durmt ru �. ta diwa on
n., - "'e- - • tlal lbo &,o! e.ni. o( c...i. - u,,. 1
beW' fA u ..a.eta IMl t'moea'• .... a pwn•..., wh,ch n,u)d cunr...
Ci:nlra) ('O!!IUII Rla Prtrolmzn � 81'1!! Bntain �· whCMI
.i...,.. .... ......i 1,y 11n1.,1, ........._ ,1,o,,:,. llonco i--.....i or .... -.. ... 11a
-,. . . . . . . . . . . .,Grwa-.•---- .
......1.k
ffAftll AND _,__.._ LAW

,.......,w. ....... -r.nlbo-olCoü .............. -

-· -- ..,. __ ...... i.. ,ICa,ü -- ..
""-'"•º on � pmt el tWr t.... .. ,a I
a.. ' ...
,._...,_a.
---• IIDld lhe a.tal tll a twW OIW A llfW COl'lllltltulN"- WM
•- - ,,.._ Dd dw
edehtfdsnd
1117 ........... lho -....... ol 1811 l'ut o 1'1111

die..,. "die
1,p1e,,.. _, und« h,m .....-hlY
ao..mm.a, el c... a.-. .... thtrt ...
DO ..... al • JW\lol........,
alw c1rr duru,c th• lnLervel No othtof
J- u, 1m o,.- o(,__
Dr --·-·-·-.,
1--....1 La•. Valu-
... -(" l. p.
...."" ---· ne el-, ldnd ....... PI"*"' 1n tlw CIIIILll'IU, 'ni• court. ..,,
3'9, ..,....... ._. ....,.., pnnc.,lt which bM l...t .di uni....... � ............ _. Lha _,._... - duly odmuwo1.,..i 11•
.w�-·
ID---T-·
...,,,...,¿,-- Wllh _. W111
powr •• n....L\J ...,w.d ud pss rhbr w ltlllld. Tbt poople ....S

--
---00--11
a.,.- tn lM ni or lt. ......,... pohc, el• üle
111. .- to haw
....S when
IN ehanp lTlhrau&huut Lh" n,ea,,d • INldco
n...,..
do - po,illoa In 1n............i ,. _....,.
by '- t.. ud caun&n ._. .._. • no ..� � lut
.., ,,.....,.,,.,... tnto. ,...... lalO • .....rdly.
.......... ,.,.,,._ ,-y bl' far can1át:-diJonel, !PI' llw T'- •• Nt m atul IIDd precwhh � wilhoul ,-..
camc. • comMd nr OIJD&tllll by mayan• unUI • f.., mon&hl ......,. th• LUDt
...........
� but �
..,
n.. """""'°
.....
_., _" ...me.o.__
ffle Mlion . _ ... _..... • ....,..i

'°"""._ ... l!pNkiflc oldw ....,...,._ ollho ..-,, .,..,,,....,.. ,h,. _

n- -... • a ......
1wiu...t 1,y ,, pemtt .......,.. tw
-•·1Joo--,-i.wo1c...... 11n
..-.1- .. c....111m-....,...... n..... n-.1ho
.u,,...
.......... .- ............ ---._.il,liahlo
°""""'u"" ••

1-=•·- --- · -"' . .

for lhe aict. CJf 1b. 11» '""1'1-..nlli of t.ou.. XVIII ud -. ..., ble ......iuv. by .......,.
....... � ... r... • .....,. - ......- "' ' ; ,elbh ad k - eqw,lly impubh to _..¡u ormod o;,poal·
t.,. ....... MI 1n C.. llimn l:ft'nlory
r..m,,.-..1ori.-..- ........-o11<.-n;ud

dial-
:, •vuo -- fllU.. .._...,.n1u- ..-ona.., ,,,_ ....
.... KJ.s"'
l'....i S.-....
for lbow.....,..i.,.. ol)lunt ...._ .-o.-nt ..,.. ............. d.l� by lb. intau.n� of •hl
lhlla.d -.. Wllh Oaaulal ...i 111, lnando ........ umod on ""'°"·
Aemnllr--
IN pwnd lllal m1JW7 In Conlnl ,..,._ durina lho
i,. � .nd wdtcPO ol .,...._.,.. srawic:eee ....... Wa,id Wa, -1,I l,o .......- IO lhe In-. el U., Alhod Po-.. 11

.
.u,.o11n......i _ _._,.....,. _
'°°"' i-. ho-, whal ....,. .... _ lhal _lodT"""""'

- ...
.... ..i.c..,, ,._, ,- -., .. I tilfwUVIII)' ami pNlllNbly Tt. qunUDII � ffl\1#1
fW'fY CID MI F\W
WUf'MK" ot eta�. and of IJM, ......

__ ...
.... ,,. : hil pcw llllnl be w: t ed a link m Lbo ooawwu, al Lhe Oowwrunem
ft'lkW' of lho.P •bo CONIUIUte the .... 111 U,, llbibty IO �
h...ií ---- ................_.nd ... __. ..._. ,
ol Caoü "-1 1 hoW "- lha - lhel .... 1'lncloo

.,
...- ,.... ...... ...--,..._.,
.... .... .. u
1'IIINo p a
- - IMdlas "'"""' """... In
r md daal � by ath« naliaft• .. LM cb..r
................
_.. .... ffl6lncl9 ol lm INrUa. ...... aAd ClOIIUDUJt)' al• 1 t ol a
Tlmxo ..-,n"nl'Ol" pswa .._ u ... t o:1'7 ,oqnition b)' Cllher Powen • e impariant
In_....,. 1017 ,........_. A T'incll(V ... � uf w., u'*' "; o t1e! lldac' NI e tls+te1 proa( il ll.s n� oí• ,owmllWlflt 1q
Alfredo <�,. lh9 lhen PI I r, � Cw&a lbca O. lb. pound tha d,a ...., ol - Wbo1 .,. llto - • to 1hl,(I Tb, T.,_
f;tNLUIH .....tune ft'f'l«\lllft .. P, e n1 m � of • CICINIIAU ---- t.,.. r pned 11, llolMa •.....,. 17, Ull7. by ArlNlllDa on
,_. ti....._ Mor U, 1117. bJ Chile., No, 21. ltl7, bJ Haru on � 21. 1917. br

. . . -. . . . .o_. . . . ..... . t·--,--·

Tino<,, u...S .... ......, ond..., IO ..i.. lho ......,..
Ou•-* '"'
-. -
«· m+rr ...................
1n-Chiltf el cJw .,..,_i-i.lup """""la
...i�
" ·- ltop,bLc,111,t
C",oau.aliN touCr.
-
ai., :le, 1111, by llwil.Mrlaod on June l. 1917, b,.
� on .,_ 10, 1917; br Dooawlo"" Juno 18, 1917 b)' llpoln an
J-18.1111• ..,. _onJulf l. 1117. by Holland oaJol, ll, 1917.
.._.ton v- ., c........ .., "-
�°"
-ber
¡wo,W.wl ID"'ffl.-nl .. � ..S .........,... dw s-o,le- tn • ..,. dw Juno I, 1917; ..,. 9, 1111, by
(« .......... Id lho llnl ,I M-,. 1117 Al dw - • � 10, 1117. b7 Pan-1 .., ,._ 14. 1917; by 11
W Umlll tM cb.retwd U \O cake ,_. Í'Oe' Lht p
i..-tr - • mndidol• ,... ....._ - hold. - •1.oao -
1 F 1!, IIDd

� CM1 for TlftOm and 169 tor ,...,................. Tilloco lJMn ...
-•81' 1 IJ.1117,br._. .. 11aw.-1n,11n,b)'
_,l .. :le, 1117, bJ ....,. ,. D, m._ 16, 1917. oad br
- .. Apnl 21. 1117
� • tbe Pl'fiádent to e+nen..,_ lm pD9'W'a UDdll' Lbl .... WIIIIII w,nlllitelreeee11.,... • kl .....,...., n•an.111"
 (... 7
,....., n1�&at4.1!.on .,......,.u 1u17,two..,.u._.. Tln«'ituid
--..IUd ,....., � u. .. acbua
n. C",mwn.-.nt ol tb• t nltNt �,... hM "i.-wl"d lhr- f'l"Ct'l'lt
OWT>rt.hrow of tN .ubw.hed IIJ\'-'m._nt in f'1».I• R..:. w1th the
Pftl"• mnn'f'II ,u.d �n &NI UJc,pJ M-V o( t.Ju. d\ataUr i.id
10 6tl&rb t1w ,._.. c.f C :.tlt.ral Amt,.... •nd to dtan1pt t.he uruty o.f
1hit Alrwrican CUDUnPhl In � o( ib pnlM7 tn tf'pNt l.o thl>
u,w:sipl.loOD ni powfl° �roulb Ul,pl ...cJidds r......,_� ..uunc.--U..r..S h)
,. oo MT"fW °"*"'°"' dunnc tbo PMl f'c,u:r � LM C.W\lf'T\CQW)l
ni Lb, lln,t.d se.,.,,..• ._,...
io tri fnrt.h n an emphauc asid dJAinrt
IIMUUWf' 1t• pn,wnl tuMtaon la f'l'ltWd to U'lfl flC1..uaJ P.11 ua.hnn u,
{·-.. Ka whach '8 1tu.1 U •ID n<,t �,• """.agtutiPn car �P'J•"1. 1
4m1 &Qfffflmecl whk.h CM.1 be -...bLi.lbad unl.. ,, .. d.tlv pn:"'t'II
lhat ti k l'lttlfti"' wpl ud roo&tl'\1,Jttctna? ,naam..
AGd 9iflll"" Pn f,-bnt.a,y 2A 1917
la ordilf' tMl ati,a,n• b( dw l ntt.-d Stat- m�y lui, .. dlflfin.C•
¡nfflnu.lJOn N IO UW, polllkn t.f tl:rJ.i Goftr.nmmt in n,;:ard l•I an�
fhutntllll ..t •hwh t.t.r,, 111,1" 1!1'-. to, or Mtt � tranJIIM."Uon
•llkh t.tw, ftlll' M\'11' .. ith ,..,._ prnon• •h-t ()'\?T'f.h.l'P-.· lh4!0 CGrulti·
I.U1JOalll Gcn�t c,I Ce.ta Rica h)' an .C. J •rm,,d "'�UM'ffl Lbc,,,,
�111 or lht Urulad si.a.: dNi.rw t.o .d,-.e UK'c:n l.h.1 it 1111111
no& � •., et.a. wlwda mi'" ,n tbe íulOn! ante f'ram M.lch
....._ .......,. .,r ... d ..,._., ...,.....,
fJbe, l".5 sut«" Ot,..-tlllfi"nt �n:nrd .., .. �·twn t.f th. 1 ,,..,-.ro
N!l?JDW lQ Apnl J9Jtc)
� bf.caoilEo ofLbe Wd sllbtpoftbe l"ru\ed &1.18 m 1'9l!ipfC1 to
.a f'AIIUtt of tb• bnd. brr Uwn � 1n lW •-.r, t;"* Bntarn, f111T"KT
.and ltal_Y 4-na.d ID f\'CUIIJl'II'" th.-TUIOC'O prmtnenl C..... lbOl •u..
� noc pw11uu.cd tu áiJCh tbri Tftat" uf p.._. 111 Vrh!"ail..,._
a.ltbóuch UM!' Tu.oto �t h6d dedared w.ar apuul Gttmony.
u·-
Tiw mr:nta of tf:.to- � aC thci l'rukd Sil•t� 1n lffl.11 oon�ff'('(!l'n.diOn
,t � nut roir ,,. arbttr-.ur to) � ÍY1 tJw � that 1-ft hui
1 ,on ol lb». CMe. l. • , HJI) CDft1rmW � prmoplN. ur
.................... aad ._...,., JWlÚK'd pohn ..,,..._¡.
hOQ on 9Ch a r,:,vnd mq b. rt ffl1.a1nl,.· h.. ntit bet,, ·� ,n by
ali llr nabon• """lh• ...-Id,. •hich • • cond1J.uin prtn'Grnt 10 �-
lflll KM a poaokt. i,f� ls1t,·
n._ n,cm_.� b1" ot.ber nmom of a pn,1� daim1"1 '°
be• oaann;al �. • U!Ualb·app.+atP-1"\-� Lhai d h.u nc,t
� lb.. s.d..p udo1w:w ,n-.d c.'llftln,I ..ntttlmg: 1t � � biw w
bto tia.et M such. 8ut wtwn �U<>o (1/ff m:..- o( a �t i,. by
lekh DIIIICl:11.1 drtrnDiNd by dlquu1 t'lol. J;O\O it& d, Jacto {ll"JV� AJ\d
OiJlnpirlto P,t'l"h�t.al cm:rol. bus w.o d.• 11� or tll'PgUla.rn.y uf
� üWÚ - MGlfP"llim ka!,_ & lt thfnlt OÍ�� Wl!igb1 OD \be
1'aie wilb whicb thoae applyuu:: theo l"llk9 ol mtem.tional law are lUOnl"
CXIOC.l!f'DNL "'md t.• U'W o( lhr SU)l'rftcoCflllUl1'1 o( tM Un1kd &..� ln �
... 1t11t·ouNt11UN • Huc·c·r,ocmN
.,_rinl upuf1 u.. *"Mlt.r1l"9 ur • 1/4' /n1lf1 f">V1 rnmwn, undi r Tit)f�"O fvr
LNtty mr oth• .. pevhablv m • 1n•cu,ui,., &rutl uf &hin non r"·n,a·u11on hv
hw AIIIN In thn t:Unlp(IOn Wor km'h non rt"C•CñlUnn ;.,, 11n't' rM111a,n.
h�r Mnnu& (llll*NtCh lhr ,•v,rt..-.,or di• 11......d b:, th111 "'""rd l...,1 rrt
IM,.. lo th• 1/r /d1iu t'l\a111tl.llt of 1'1n�iC'u·, "''""nu1111nt 11n·unlh1., lo d,..
lfUl.lldard ""' � lul.rnatluMI law
s..oond lt "' ahlt •nd Wt.rn..d." 11r!Jli.d 011 h.•hllll ur C'o_.,a Rka tha.1
tha Tlnoou 411Jwmmont cannot l,q wnfld.tt'td a d4! /acto (!CO\'OmJrM•nL
bocaaN tt •• �1' e,itAhU11hNI •ntl m111nt41nM In �,ni w1lh lhto
QOn11htuUon of lffléft ltif;lft '1f lf'11 Tn hPld lhnl II l'"'f'rnrn,.nt whkh
f'tll.•hhllhn 1bfolr 1t.111I tu•Jnt•h•• 11 J'l('M'l ,ni lldn1h1l,dr11tlon .,_.,eh lt�
ieqú!acfflOl' ol lht! P'"'iflW flN· 11 •ubl!lanU1d pr,nod or úm@ duo. oo&
Uon wuuld be "' hnld thal wit.h1n the "''°"
h'"""'1 a dr /tk1C, ,cuv«nmont un10llt h 1.vnlbnn.11 10" Pt't'"lóUI Oc.1n.htu
of lnt.rrur.110t1al ldw a
nwolubon l."Wllrnf'.' to thc lund•mf'nlll lrnr- uf thc 1'1lu1thl.g K''""rnmPf1t
c.·1111nt11. t'!ltabll.t1 11 n..w 1111nornn11•n1. •nu. (.1u1nu1 lM<, ,111d i..,. nut. ,,,,,. rh"
ch.1J8P by r.\lulution upui. tbP tulto 11r thl!' au1horitin In (.lll•ff wiMr
Uw thsn 01.llllln,r fundamvnt.,J lll•, 1nti w111 •MI• diii, n.tnd6lm.vnwl 111•
in •o rar III tho � � nak!- makoa d �·. ,.o llpOÜ. ot a
r"vuhrt.Ít'ln crn11hne e1 d, {OC'tu eovt"rnl'nent� •hJch tv11fontv1 to the htnit.o
1tnr&11 f)C' lhr nld oonlltuutlon UI t11 U*'l a t'Onimdirhon ,n 1r.nn• lhe .q,np
S1:n:11mrn,nt �·uniin,wll int,rn•lmhlllllv but '",t ti� Ulltorrutl '-"" • r 1lll
ba,ing Tiw 11111U• ti. nt t 'ft'!wtb"r Lhei nl!w �·rwuerU allllWW"I,. pu.,.,. ur
conducta ita admin1ttnauon u.nder OODlhluUon&tl UmU.at.J•)OI ('WtGblilih«I
hy the, p«iph- !Jurtna thr lnrumbrnc.'Y nr lht' flll\i0rnml!t1l tt hu 1,1,·tr·
thnnm Tht- quflll!I ion 11!. NI" ,1 l'ffllly mablPhNI itwlf i.n !uch II wa,
lhat •U wUJ1111 ll• 1nOt,1'"1\t't' ,._vgtllt.. lb n1nlrol, ,uld lh1d thn,... .,. f1f:l
oppomnif foM •uin1n� 10 h, .a ,cmwnnwnt In it• pwa!" � u dia:horg·
in• 1t,, funCUrm.t • a gowrnment usualJv doo&, rt'Jpt'd,\.oe:I. wu..bln. da own
JUntdlrtton" • • '
Th1rd h tt rurt he-r ,,l,Jt,,c:tNI by l'lll'lta Rica th•t. Oniat Urit.a.in t,,, her
Í•llur\, W noclC'lillP tfh. 1'in11Ql1 gnw.ntml'!Rt I!' M11oppt"d now 10 u,..-
tlalau al her wbjed..M dépt•ndPf\l u¡iun lht, ._.._. a.nr.t 1T111tr-.1.. uf tl1•
Tmooo go,,ernm.c, Tho ewid"'1t� w�it;ht or óUt'h nun-recugniUOn
� the' dalm <tf rta d, 'fodc �r 1 lm� lllniod,Y tvil\Mtnd 11nd
lldlnit\tld ,...,. rcmUonban t:w-rr flCt"t fhr1hf.lf And p�lu.de& a �mmt'nt
•hkh dJd n«Jt �Ue- 11. J,. (ut·W l''._-�mnwnt from •PP'lflnrtl' 10 llll
intemationaJ tnbunal ln lM.,haU" o( 1t.8 nolionut.- tu cl.lm •n.r righlilt 1�
nn tm, IIC1fll of IUC'h pmunmt.
To 11-U8laln tbui '""" o a:,oot num.bcr of ded.aicDlll in � and
Am«ican C'OI.ITU.,.., nt,,d lQ &hr poínt t.h.nt n muniopa) wurt c11noor.. ln
bttptiort btfohl it, t"eiCQgOÍl» or IU5Umc.'! lh'° d, f(Jt.'lo t·hnr111,'ter t)( 11
foR.qll 11UWmnwmt whJcb. tbi -.,n,tlvr d1!�1t1ll!ftl. oí fi,rl"ign ...U-ai� of
t..h"" pemment ar llfhJcb tho ouort UI a brancb hu nal �1a� ThJ.e
¡,. dtcty in.. U '- fnr thir c�U"" to deád.e C(\1nl.tonit uf fnnnll" pohc.,.
IIDd not rourt11 h wwld be l'JlOd unM"C'"fflly tu M"" • corcflkt 1)1' op1nll)t1
,u r-1[1> ..mur. """ ,u rud�,.,
in rosp«t tó íOl'eifp1 relatlDRI. t,( 11 IJJlteufl bt-1..,..e,e,n ,u Jc.put.m..ont
cbm-..,d will> tb• ccmdurt oc bnu,,:h.
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