A 1ruck t·arryln g foreign goods, solr 11u,ud.-d
b y 1hr !"•ht'<!, <Ame, m frool o l Babu C.•nu .
To slo p the lruck. he, lay d own 1111 lhe mod . 'lh c
poll<'' lhn-• •••m -d him, bul h,• ,ltd 1101 mow
from h is p l.are.
Flo.111)', he w as crush,,d und,•r llw trucl,., 011 ,t
8.ibu c..,11u g• ined m •r1y rdo rn
Ohir1u n1 S.tyagraha
• II I)
·nK· Sdl)'l'i~rt1h., ,It Dh.,m,,n.i, m Gujnrn l
1,-d b y S., mjlnt N•1Ju
Th<• poh('\• l11th1 ch.,ri:t-J on tlw , .1ty,111rah1s
who ~.mw fon ,1.ard h_, bre.11'. thl' SJll Act
Tht.- s..1tv.1f;r,,hn, !1-1lt.-ntly to le r.11l-d llw b low1- 11t
,1.... l•lhl.
Whl'n thl')' w ('I\• t.:iit--n .,w:.y lr•r mrd k ,,I ,11d,
4notlwr b.,t~h 4..,( s.1ty,1graht.s Cillffll' lo rword 10
n,pl•re 1hem. Th.- t'On tinu,-d endl,-,,sly
uun~h of Saty1graha by Gandhlll
After 1h e r~ lution o f rompl••t,• lndel"'nd,•nce
Wil!< r••«-d in th,· uho l\' ...-ss,on, Mohatm•
G.,ndh, dood,•d 10 lounch 1h,· C l\•1I
Ducbed1cnn • ~t ovem <!nt.
11 ~ for, beginning th i,. mo vement, Ga ndhitl
put up va n ou5 dem a nds in fron t ol the British
Covt"rnment. One o l the ,mpart•nt d,•m•nds
w"' 10 u n c-el the salt ta, and monopoly of
Bnnsh Co, ·emmt'nt for m• nul• cturt' of S<lll
111) ileall5" the d(-mond • o l Gand h1J1 wcr~ rejl-cted
b,· the Co\'emmen l. h e d « 1dL-d to launch
~ ty•gr• h• all o, ·cr lndi• by break.mg the sail
A(1
~I PHhawar S• tyagrlhl
~.,
II In th., North West Frontie r, Kh•n Abdul C• l• r
Khan w•s 1hl' most loyal lollnwc r of M•hatm•
Gandhi He w a~ .11.!tO knl,wn .i~ 'Frontll•r
G•ndh1' lie had foundl'<l the org,,m>-lllOn
u lll•d ' Kl1uda+ Khld m• ti;,1r'.
(11) 0n 2J April, 1930, he Slatll'<I • Slll)'• llrnhu ,II
l\"lh11w.r Th· town w..s ,n the ha nd s o f tlw
w tyagrah,s nearly for .a w '--cl,...
liu1 l lw Unhsh (:;,wcrnmen l gave mdors to the
Cuhwal n-Kim'-~t 10 c.irr)' n ul o pen firing on
th<, S..11••i;,.h1J. but Ch.andraslni; TI,okur, •n
offiC\'r of C.rh w• l lkglmcn l, rufus..-d to open
......
(1v ) I-Ir w•~cour1-,nMll t11il'U ,mu ..... .. ~;,•" ,.
punlJhmcnl .
cs, Sol1pu1 Satyagr•h•
llw n u ll wnrk1•r'i Wl' rl' 111 th,• fnrdrnnt of lhl•
(1)
!,, ,l,.pur , .11y,111r,1h,1 On 1, M11y, l'iJO, h,ulal wa,
oh!k•r\lt•d 1n ~,ol,,pur ;\ huw· r rou •~IOO wa ~
11r ►t41tii1'1'd 01 '-it 1l,1pu r I l w l)M m .t Collector
~,1v,• u rJ t•r, 111 flt lfl}t u n ttw pr, 14t'lli"il1Jn
Mim v \lt1lun1t•,•r, .,i111nK with C,h,,nk.a r
WI\ !'\
Sh lvdurc ,ill'd 111 1hr hrirlK A, • r1-.u lt, P''"I'"'
, turle<l J tlul. 1-.lnK J'"''" •·
\ l ,,llun,, r.1llw.1\'
-.111tion l\, l otlrh, mu rnllp,il building., ct, n,,.
Govcmml'nl d,,..clun•d M.ut1.al I iJW ,1 nd thr
.1~ 11.1t1on WA ft ...uppt\•-iwd
liii ) 11ms..' " •ho t<iok th,· le• d ,n lhl' mnH'ffl••nt,
i uch as Malh1pp,1 Dhan,hclll. Shn kn,hn.i
Sa rd o, Qu rb,,n Hussain a nd l•g•nn•th Sh1nJ~
were hanged 10 d eath
(61 Gandhi-Irwin Pact
•\n,.
(1) On the appc•Iof the !'rime M ln1<ter. th,• , ·icerO}
released Gandhijl •nd uth,•r pohtoc• I INd.-«
fro m prison ..
(Ii) Th is conducive .,tmo,phcr.•. , p,1e1 w,is s,~l'd
between G•ndhljl an d \'iccro, lrwm. ft IS
kno wn as G andh1 ji-lrwm f'J,1
(iii) According to the pact. the Bn t"h Government
gavel on assu r ,m cc o f providing R.- spans1blc
Governe ml In the propos,-d consntutiun 01
India.
(1v) Congre55 dc•id ed to " '1thdr.,w the C1v1I
Dlsobedic nre Mo"emcnt.
(v) Agrt'<.'d 10 port1opa1c m th,• 5<-cond R,,und
Tobie Confere m-c.
(.I J. CAI l',pl•m the lo Ho" on JI ,i.tom,nh "1th
h',lSOll!'lo.
•(I) Chandruing Th1kur wu coun'•m.uti•ll•d
i nd u v,,.,ly punished.
\ r11.
(ii 0 11 :t.1rd April 1930, 1-h.m Alxl ul C.11.u 1-.h.m
Nl11rlcd a sa1y,111r,,h,, ,II l\oshw.u •nd th,• town
wt\8 in tJ-11..• hands of s...1 l\·.1g r.1h1, 1w.ul \' k•r .,
w ~-:1,.,
Cli) The British Go vernment g., w Mder$ 1(1 the
C nrh wlll ret,iimcnt tu c.srry mll o pen fi nng o n
the S., tyngrah l,. but Ch.md ra~mg ln,11,.ur, .,n
o ffice r ul G<1rh wol Regime nt. rcru ,.._-d to o pe n
I n.,
1') 1h11 I••• 1lll t1t• th•· d1 fl l111 ~ t .. ' 1 f Cu UM II l-1 .. v. tu .,. _,.,,,,,. ... ,~ ,_,.,._, ,...,.~ ,,,. ,.,,.. • .
,,•i--. ti·, 1hy tlw ◄ "' ""''' ••uu ·til l11t• 'J 1 .. 1 , .• .. ... . . "'.,..,,., .. "''
, .. I Jt,.,
-A II r ., . ,, ,, . ~ •

-
' 1o11 r ,1w u l1,1 ull 11 v, •1 lnd i.-l t\l ti, , , 1 ti I
·r ,u ' +M 111 • l • t , ,.-.,-j
,.. .,.
I

71 Why tl ltl tlw· Ind'"" N•tlon•I ( ,mw.,...

Wh•I lu ppo ... 4
,,., .,
wllh,lrnw 1111• l l vll flh,o t-,.,,11~,, •1 •1••0t•n t I
.. 1" 1" '"' ,-h,,,r,d ,1,:, '>• ty•,-/• ffM '

.. n ,,.• •
--
A p,1t I w ,11-1 ~i>t11,•,I h,•t ~ ,, " '..if ohiettu• , ..1ndt 1
.uhl \111 ,•1,,v lt 1.v 11, " huh " ' ""\!¥" ,., If•
l .,,11,11 11 Irwin ~•.,, t
,,,, ,,., ••t I, _.,
,r.,.,ltt • • l ,.,.,.,,r •~
ff1 f ...... ,,J f ''7" .,,
r-rr

,.,..
-· . .,
,,
,

I) I\Httn.J iuh 111 Hu "' p.1, 1 tht~Ut111, h c .,,"''°'"""''"t ♦A1u1f l o1m uf 'J l'•y 117uu • n ~-1--i" , ~ ,...
., ..., u,,•,.I tll .11 11t, "'-f ,. 1, 111 II1 .,
nt, b
f , ffl'I ..
w ,nild ,,..
( ,t1\ , ' tf HU1•1H ,1t l.J, "1J lf1 th.• rr•,p-N 'tl
wh..-,.- rhnr wrt" no .._..~_..,
~,1n, 111ut111n o l l 11d1,, v. ,.,.,,. •t,t• "~-- t1' we- • ;, ,

l Lmw 1..111,•n 1Iv, lh•• lul.11.m ,,,urm.el ( ..,0 v.,,~ ·h , ..,., br ,-., - • "~• ,-. .,,.# . . V
,
~, 1thdn. ' h ' 1hr ( h ii IJ,..,..t,."'1o'ftt •• \.to\'t•m.t•n, • t B,Ltvw. ;,,.:c""~.!"" - r: / ,..,;,,,1 ~
.ind , 1t,t1 1-.·d t 11 ,t lit-1'\J d l4· ruu m J 1.-bl1·cunfn..-nt•· Pu tlild .r ' ~ 4•.v•u - ...,.. · · '$

ii \\'h•I h•ppcn•d In thr Dh•ra.~ i>a.ty• g,-•hJ?

12,
l11t..• , ..-1t y,1~ r ,1h,--. ,1 1 l)h.u.aiwrY in C.u..-r.ail Wil• ThrrruJJ ~ ,;,~~ .,.,_,,, r -:,• , _ .,,.. • ·-,.,,
)L.J b\ ",,lrt.)Jlfl l N,rnJu wr,·•Y,t•;,.. (>r /.- •.'.,. . 'f; • - .,._ • • ,. ,-- _,-,
I} ,n. . pul1 c..t.• IJ lh1-c.h,u w...J th •• W f ).t>;.rah1, ..-. ho ,ra S,,Aapt.;.-r A ..,..1x :,ff,'"1 " -. • ~

t.,lm\.' fo r w,: ird to b r t:d~ tht' C,,..11 AC1

'>-hput Tr, L,: ~ ( ,,.,.... .,.. Q ., ~ ~
nntnrpr~.1
11) I lw -...1t v,1Kr,1h 1._ , 1IL'ntl v 111IL',.,tt:d the bh"J-.,. '\ of
'4in'j •. t.ttur~ i.lu- L,,. ._. Y..: ~ 'V !.i.."'" ..
tht• IJlh 1
,n dw: t1nr!") At...:............_! ;.,,-~r ~~ r.-....:..;a I
\) \Vhen they ~..-.... n · I d ~ ...~n J ~ ..... rnr mt~KJ I .o.J. pobc.t- ~~ .. .... ........ 1.~:r.,-,- ~ -
Jnuth1,•r batc h u f ~ty.agrah,, ftn w•rd tr• Cdm.t ·
butldmgl ..,._- T:-.c C,r. --~.,- • ~ -
1t· pl,1t.1.• lhc.•rn I h 1, ton1,nuL-d t"ndl~-..1~· J...,lo. il.r-d tr"- ll~!XX .,. .!.'l .,_:-7-..-.! ...-., .,...
,J How did tho p•upl• , upport saty.ognha 1n l,.Jlf'J ~ tht: Le.d J tr...lJo !rJfo't:'!:f.-,:"" ~ •

places where wrrc no ••ll· p•ns?

lht!rt: Uhil.ni.J\rofu -:,r.-r ,.r...:-r...t ~:!.I .•... :-c:-
n,. Whi..•r-.• tht..·n,_. w4.:f1.-• n ,, "IJlt p,1n,. tht· fo ~t LJ""",. 4.nd l• ~u, ~ .._.d't "'..: .... ~-- •
WL'h .' b rulu :n . Th e n: weft-' Jun,;Jt· w tv•K,f•ha~
.11 H1l.1..,h1, ~ 1111,-..,1m n,•r, Kal..lvan, (_ lutfW"r • n d lal Wh~I wu o l>Hn~ on 6th , 1.n
l'u'-!td In M,JI Wr,n,t11 rJ n,... tnbtlJ P'-"''P'L tun~ Soupur•
JMrl in th1· s,1l y<.1 Krnh.1 m IJ rg.1.· number.. ,n. Tht- m all \II. t>t-.crs "" de ~t enc- od:'oci • -.e
S,-,lapur Wh 4 ,;tAN 0s,.., ,{a,.,. •... lt' r...r.a
1,4. R('•d llw }~iv.:n P"~'"K"' •ruJ .An t,11,tr 1hr
own .,J "' '-uupur
~Ut'.!IIWn,.
11,1 Wh•t luppen~ d u.ring th~ proc"'""°"'
..
n... -...11v,wr,1h,1 ,11 f Jh..tfJ " ln,1 ,,, ( .u,-.,-.a, \'t.,. . l,,d ,4\n, I\ hu~ pr-A..t"'\~IOn "'•' tf1tAI\ """' .. , _
by \.1n11mi' N.,klu n,•.
r . 1 hn · 1.11h.t·d \..l l))t-d un 1t. 11\1_• Dt.u na C.ollt.-t.1u, ~ ~~ c;>1d«'T" .. V'l!'".: :c
11.11r ,,~r.1h1, w h• • L ,l frW h,rwJrJ 11, t,n_,...k t ~ S,Jh AJ. I ll\t.• p r1lll.nwon
'n1,• l\otty,,~r,1t11-. •,lln11ly 1t1lt-•r,Jt.t"\J th-:· blow'i- of th,•
lcl Wh•I b,om, of lhf p,oplt who tool lM ~
lathi \Vlw-n th•_•y wen· 1,,lu•n .1wo1v (n , ,,,,..JgJ .aw.I,
in thr j git.ation mo,rmcnt'
11n1 1tht•r h.-1tr h 11t :.,11y.1~ r,1l11•q..mw futy,,,mJ to n1'l.1tt·
lhl•m 1111.,._ ._u n tlruu'f..l '-'t1t ll1.- I)' An, rlw• C,o\ \ttnffl4ml Jc.-,.i.lrt"d \ tart .. t ..., :-.J
""''Ik it• th,•n • \V t • l't• n u ei,.l It· r,1n, . 1he: luw..1 l.ev. "' the .ag.iLu m n ~ • l ">UP''-""~ """""' ""ho ·, ;
411 U\4: W.ad in lh1\ m o , t"fnirnt. i.ud, •' \ ~ J
Wt n• hnil,•n T ht.•n: w ,•n · 1un~h· ....11y.1gr.ah~"'
1111,,.,tu, S-.111►1,ttonl•r, K11l.1\lm1, Lh1rm'f .and r•u..,..J'" IJ h.ir\c<h.:n 1, Shnkn\luu S.rd.o Qu~
1
Mnha, ~1.)ht r.: . fhc tri bal~-"' 1r "-" ., b u It.M l"' p.tr in lh.· I l u, .. m •nd Joganru,th Shtnde ... err hM,tt<J 10
..11~l)'ag r.1h.1 In IMW-' r·,umbcno _. _ _ _ d eath
~--- --------- .. -
\1u) He was CO\ln-martialled and was g1\'e n • 3
London. Tht.5 ron.ferenct..• ''' '- k.n""" i,
severe punishmmL l!ouod Table Conference
'tZI Th. • Govormm.,nt dttbrod M•rti•I l •w •t '-----fw{"t"n 1Q3() anJ IQ"Q,
J"('fl(l(d
h-
( 1111 ln th.-.• I.I\:
Sol• pur.
ril\ind t.1blt• "''" f c ,---•t""
....... Wl!rl' orJtan,-..vct
An, .
ff,, bu C·r nu l(A l nrd M.artyrdo m
(1) On 6 ~fay, 1930. h..ln .\1 ,, ~,.,, ,~·n-.... t in ,-.1.,I""''
A h u ge process,on ''ob nri,tant'-'.'1 m -...,1.ipu, ., um t,.11 tl1t•fl• "-.l" .1n ,l ~lt.ll r,
III In '1
(11) lne Ois tn'-"t c.._,11,,~or g-1\'\.' ,,nler-- 1\I tmnf: on Ion"I~ ~•-..--.1,. Ill.• ,t;ihu.. lt." ' trJn"'r- ,rt n.,_-
the r ro( \.~l\ln j,t{ll"l\l ~ ,., err c~tnn ta l
(m) M.1.n, \1.'IUnh."\"'r- .11,,_,~ ,, tlh 'lunl...u tn) fl.ab\! ( '4'T'ltl '-HJ, J mill wnr~••r Jr1,rr \f 1
ShaJ.ir..· J,.._..J mt~_• hnn~ \ , ·• n ....uh i'"'pk• ,.,,.._ ,,t ltlfli• htrt•fr1,nt ,,f th1, ,..,.,.., m,·r•
St4n'-'1 .itt.1to.·l ,n,)! l'-'h"""' ,t.uu.m, r.uh, ,I\
(llll trud . (,.rrymg fnre1j(ll l<"uJ,. wf.-~u.-n'"
,i-\
:,t.1n~ ,\."U.rt., muni'--' f'JI bu,1,hnt;, '-"' '- Tht.- th..• pvhtl". ( Jm...• ,n lrhnl Cl( 8Jl-,u ( .. TltJ r
Go,·emmt._~t J._'7.i.tn..J \ t.1rt:1.d Lnl anJ tht.•
the tru1...lr... ht· Li,· Jo"' n un ttk: 11 i.lJ
ag;:tL!b\."ll ,, ~ qJFFR"'~
Polu:e threatened h,m. but he ,i>d "'' -
• 01 Tho dtlibentioru; in the First Round T•blo
from 1us plact- Ftr,.,11\', he ... , lfU-.('•-J
Conf~re:ncr r ro,,fli lo b ~ m e..1.ni ng)ess.. the trud. 8Jbu c._.,,,u g•uwJ mJ rr,: J ~
'"
,1 Re-p~t1.n,·l~ or dtni:r..-nt poltth.:-'I pJrtk~ m
lil Tht Civil Dbob~di m ce ~1 0, rtn<nt b- ~•-
n.atiom J movrment.
lnd.u .ind rule~ 0 1 Pnnceh "'Llt~ pJntop.ttt'd
\ n
m the c~--e
I• I All ~ movements. unal the C l\ U Ui ~
u Howe-er mo, lnwan :-:a1:10nal Congress .ltd not
Mo \·emem .. "~re." hmued onl! to u.rnan :--?..
Nm.::ipate m II The lnJ,.m :-:auc,n.,J Congress
But this tnO\ Ym~lt b..;:-.imc." J. .. •
"'1-'.:, k.'Ci,· that repn.•st"l'lt\.'1 the.- a>untn
mo,-..ITW!lt r eopl,! tmm r\n.il .1te.1.<
m> \\~1thou1 1~ p.irt11r.. "1pat1on t"-.• Jd1ber.1tu.m:, m th&..-.,r pdrt1np,,.1t1on
the- f 1Mot Round T.ib)._, C"-1n i.n,nl""''-" '"''-'fl.• md<"l.--d 111) \\'o mt"ll h,)l;,l p..irt m l.ir);"' numC-.,--r,.. !'w."'
mearungln.,
wnJh1 ~ a.mlldlt'\ 1 Llun, NOi!
· t~l G m dhijj began • fut unto dulh in th, A\.1.nUL.t.b.11 C,oLJule l 1b, .1t1 \ h .. n.... t,
\en.-:.~ j• i l H.in,,.aben Mehta led the ;.in l~nr..1
( ui) 11us m 0\1,._"tJlen_t was b.t._~ . _. ,n ..:l,::it' .c.>'Y"
Dr ~b.l.s.>heb Ambedur represmted th<· v1olenn~ The BnhSh l .,.._,, . ..._ m.m.11."'Tl? trk'\l
D,tht> •t the Round T•bk Cnn1.-n...,,_.- I le ~re.itlv :,.upprt..~ thi• mO\i."tn'-•nt N,lt •~ ~'
ckm.tnc.1~ ~p.u~t.e dt'.'\.to r.ah.~ for th,.• O.1.Ltb proh.~1.., 1 Ur\.lm1'-,t Ou,· (l, tht, lh,.:
hl J Alter 1h,; 5.,;.,.,J Round hblc l onlerm<,· th.- peopk· ~ , J O\t.• h: Jrl.._,,
Bnu.h Prune \hru, trr lum"'l \1 .... D,;,n.,JJ •J till ,\n •u·t I Hri r
dedate<I Communal A"ards
' Ill Why d id C • ndhiji d ,cid,to bre,~ th, :,.,It
(lU) According to at. Daltt:s \<I.ere gwffl -.t>p.;u..a1'-
to tk-gin lb~ l.lty.ig-,;a_h.} .au o,·e.r th~ .. \_lU.fiCT
eJea:orata GandhJ11 "enl on f.l!-tl unru Jt:Jth .:.1
Yerw.u:LI ..,1. prott.... ung .ag.un\l th.· J:;ran1tng ui II)
~parat.r elrttore1to un the- l,,i..,.,. ut ..:• >lt."
t5) Th.t Round T• blc- Confrfl!_n cc-, wr rr o,&'nik"d
i n tht p•riod briwttn 1930 ,nd 19)2-
.\n, llll
(1) Ln the o pinion ul BntlYl Pnmc ~•h nbll.•r k.tm.,..)
\t.,cDonald. wh,k the Civil O,>Ob..-Jk-n<:,,
~10,rement w.15 go tng on,. the ,-on.shruuonal ( UII )
issues regarding Lnd1.1. \\i....,~ tu be thou ght o,·t.•r
h 1) Fo r 1h1.." purpose he o rg.1n1Sl'd t roofor l"l'l('(' JI