P.S.

M COLLEGE OF DENTAL SCIENCE & RESEARCH

AKKIKAVU, THRISSUR, KERALA – 680519

( Affiliated to Kerala University of Health Sciences )

Department of

CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS

Seminar on:

RECENT ADVANCES IN COMPOSITE RESTORATION-

MATERIAL ASPECT

Submitted by:

DIVYA ANIL S

FINAL YEAR- PART 1

UNIVERSITY REG. NO: 17002125

 P.S.M COLLEGE OF DENTAL SCIENCE & RESEARCH

AKKIKAVU, THRISSUR, KERALA – 680519

( Affiliated to Kerala University of Health Sciences )

Department of

CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS

CERTIFICATE

Certified that this is the bonafide seminar of DIVYA ANIL S .She has
satisfactorily completed the seminar on the topic "RECENT
ADVANCES IN COMPOSITE RESTORATION- MATERIAL ASPECT”for
FINAL YEAR- PART 1 BDS course during the year 2022-2023.

University Reg No: 170021258 Professor & Head Of Department

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am extremely grateful to almighty God who guided me in all aspects

for preparing this successful work.

I sincerely thank Dr.Deepak Baby (Professor and Head Of

Department), Dr.Sreedevi, Dr.Rajeev K.G, Dr.Derick, Dr.Alen Pius,
Dr.Dilu Davis, Dr.Varsha, Dr.Laubel John and Dr.Sruthi for their
guidance, motivation and encouragement.

Special thanks to college library for providing all needed facilities. Let
me also convey my gratitude to my classmates and friends for
providing me all necessary help pertaining to this seminar and always
encouraging me to bring the best.
 CONTENTS

SL. NO CONTENT PAGE NO.

1 INTRODUCTION 6
2 DEFINITION 7
3 HISTORY
4 COMPOSITION 9
5 CLASSIFICATION 13
6 RECENTADVANCES IN 16
COMPOSITES
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

19 REFERENCE 29
 INTRODUCTION

 Composite and acid etched technique represent two major

advances in restorative dentistry.

 Adhesive material that have strong bonds to enamel and dentin

simplify restorative technique.

 The ability to bond composite to tooth structure results in a

restored tooth that is well sealed and possibly regains a portion
of its strength.
 DEFINITION

 According to ANUSAVICE,

Composite is a compound of two or more distinctly different material

with properties that is superior to or intermediate to those of
individual constituents

HISTORY

 In an effort to improve the physical characteristics of unfilled

acrylic resin, Bowen developed a polymeric dental restorative
material reinforced with inorganic articles.

 The introduction in 1962 of this filled resin material became the

basis for the restorations that are generally termed composites.

 1955: M.Buonocore- acid etched technique

 1956:Dr Bowen formulated BIS-GMA resin

 1962: Silane coupling agents introduced. Macrofilled composite

were developed.

 1964: BIS-GMA composites were marketed

 1968: Developmentof polymeric coating on fillers

 1970: First photo cured composites using UV light

 1972: Visible light curing unit introduced

 1976: Microfilled composite developed

 Early 1980: Posterior composite introduced

 Mid 1980: Hybrid composites developed. 1st generation indirect
composites

 Early 1990s : 2nd generation indirect composites

 1996: Flowable composites developed

 1997: packable composites developed

 1998: Ormocers developed

 1999: Single crystal modified composites developed

 2000: Nanofills and nanohybrids

 2010: self adhering flowable restoratives

 COMPOSITION

 The components of composite are :

1) Resin matrix

2) Fillers

3) Coupling agents

4) Initiation system

5) Coloring agents

RESIN MATRIX

 Bisphenol glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) was the early resin

matrix used.

 Initially the BisGMA was very viscous and blending of filler

particles was difficult.

 Other matrix tried were :

- UDMA (urethane dimethacrylate)

- TEDGMA (triethylene glycol dimethacrylate)

 The mixture of these three resins provides approximate

viscosity needed for binding of filler particles.

 BisGMA and TEDGMA in the ratio 3:1 is preferred as increase in

TEDGMA substantially increase the polymerisation shrinkage.

 Recently, expanding matrix composites are introduced with the

idea to compensate for the polymerization shrinkage.
  Vinyl cyclopropanes as ring opening compounds are also used
which helps in reducing polymerisaion shrinkage.

 Recent matrix contains antibacterial agents from 0.4-0.5%

MDPB (methacryloxy dodecyl pyridium bromide)

 Hydrophobic monomers containing fluorinated dimethacrylate

having water sorption only 10% that of BisGMA is also being
used as matrix.

FILLERS

 Various transparent mineral fillers are employed.

 Most composite fillers are now produced using modified

silicate glass.

 Filler composition often are modified with other ions to

produce desirable changes in properties.

1) Lithium and aluminum ions make glass easier to crush to

generate small particles

2) barium, zinc, boron, zirconium and yttrium ions have been used
to produce radio opacity in the filler particles.

 Benefits :

 Strength

 Reduced curing shrinkage

 Reinforcement

 Reduced thermal expansion

 Decreased water sorption

COUPLING AGENTS

 Bound together chemically

 Di-functional surface active compound

 Adheres to filler particle surface

 Co reacts with monomer forming resin matrix

 Coupling agents work best with silica particles

 All composites have been based on silica containing fillers

ACTIVATION/INITIATION SYSTEM

 Chemically activated (self cure) resins

 Photo chemically activated (light cure) resins

1) Chemically activated resin

o Supplied as two pastes

o One contains benzoyl peroxide initiator

o Other contains an aromatic tertiary amine activator

o When mixed, amine reacts with benzoyl peroxide to form free

radicals and addition polymerization is initiated

PHOTO INITIATOR

o Most current composites are polymerized with the help of light

o Employ camphorquinone as the photo initiator

o Absorbs photons of light energy predominantly at about 470nm

 COLORING AGENT

 Because of degradation of amines, composites show loss of

color matches after varying periods of time

 To improve this, more stable activators such as p-toluidine

sulfinic acid is used

 Commonly used agents : aluminum oxide and titanium oxide in

0.001-0.007% in wt.

 INDICATIONS
  Core buildup material

 Class 1 to class 6 restorations

 Sealants and preventive resin restoration

 Temporary restoration in enamel hyperplasia

 Composite inlays

 Repair of composite restoration

 Cements for indirect restorations

 Periodontal splinting

 Aesthetic enhancement procedures like partial veneers ,full

veneers,tooth contour modification, diastema closure.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

 Patient with abnormal habit like bruxism

 Poor oral hygiene

 High caries index

 When proper isolation is not possible

 Operator abilities

 Root surface
 Sturdevant’s arts and science of operative dentistry

 Operative dentistry, M A Marzouk

 Philips science of dental materials

 Textbook of operative dentistry, Vimal K Sikri