4 -

1
-

23

class-I MM206

class-2 51,123

fluid flow
47
Laminar
flow turbulant
flow

↓
-
~

-
12
↳olocity
frbulant
flo ① ②
collision -> Liquie imprint. = ② is best
for fluid flow
=
Laminar flow ->
flow.
streamlined

Reynolds number Npe=and

-

<2100 => Lomince

(dimensionloz) u

dediaria
of pipe
velocity of fluid
v-
~

↳-Oscosity
 resistance between differentlayers of the liquid.
viscosity
-

velocity prob rosstationary

->

steady state velocity independentof time.

of momentum from one

layer to another
transport
<YOS
momentum
transport. This results
velocity gradient.
do
in I

-a dox = Pa5

and see
-

↳ dy
shear stress experienced

Mig-free indices,Sii aiggkk

=

I
momentum free, free indica
3
=ma Gyo-ro e
=
=

Tyzs
do
=
-

direction
↓X
of momenton direction
transport
godocity
5=0
m
S ·

>050M5
u 0.2pas
= 2 0.2x
=

0.005*DO-2
105
2x
=

X
5
= 2x105Pa
Books -

transportphenomena - a Gaskell,
id
class-3 1011123
class-4 flow of fluid on a inclined plane 1111123
ziv, =
6

"11708
,,......... B

↑A
↑

10
&
>

↓v

Idee = (pgcR
2x2 pgcBTC,
=

at 110, 7,12 =0 (No Sheer stress)

E(2 S90B7
=>
=

MdVz
99CB)
=
-

-
as

dVe SGCB(LaD
·

V2 =
pooBt2
-
 at x 5,02=0
=

30Bs
-> (r =

Vz =

SgaB(5,2) V2max gps

=

21

utenti0
⑧

v
(ujvddy
=

no seeany
:jvax
(pgaB
=

15-7)d))
gcB[siTes
Fax gax S

V=
-> PgB5
3M

volumetric slow rate = v2 A v =

M v
Mass
flow rate s
=
=
x
 flow of fluid between
L
two parallel plates
= >

stationary visure
,
↑ *
i
, , , , , , .

3 5 L conective
+

<

< -2

5 5 3:5
2

2 <- L onvective
- ⑥

weos

stationary W
...
I inc
2
↳ 12 1)/
+

L
/

⑭
N

↓ C
-

S
V -
1
<w
L

connective momentum (in) SVpxw/z0

by
=

"
(out SvBx8/z 2
=
=

viscous (in) G,z<w()

momentum y2 =

(out):[(2 L10 (, BC
1/

pressure force=(Po-P2) Asw

↳
pressure drop.

shell momentum balance

(2,252w(, -

[,252w(x Bi) + (P0-P2)

+

ACW =
0

Divide DC L
by
8270+Bp
lim 2xz(x -
Yz/c +

A) lim
-

0
=

17- 0 Ax

dz d 0
-
-
Class-5 121,123
decrease in
progre
diz=-dp=D- gradient.

18x /
=

2x2
+

at( 0,2yz
=

0
=

2xz
B()
=

adz p
-
=

dvz =
- xp((d)
n

Vz
=
-

1p(p +
(2

2ML

at( 8,v2 = =
0

2 P15
=

2uL

1,2) Vma, APe

pp(5 =>
=

vz
-

=
..

g
stationary moving plate
a

yn L
momentum
no convective
>
I-pflow x
S
①
=

->
② state
Steady is............
-> M

③ incompressible liquid ->

3 ⑧

82.11
n0
... =

z A2

stationary
= +

2
⑪ -
8Ty
X 12 x
+1)y
 ((y),B(B2/y Typ)BxBz(y+ by) (P(,0yB2 P(x+b1ypz) 0
=
- +
-

dyx dp
0
=
-

dey, ydp=a
-

ay

Typ1pyrei
=

MaUx

dy

do,
Buy
= -

dy
vx
=
=
-
ppyz c,y
-
+
cz
+

2ML

at (2 0
y 0,vy =>
=

0
=
=

a M
y G,vx
= =

u +PS
C =

Vy
pyz 1y
=
+

1e
+

y A
edity profile
3
·

=> vx
y p
=

lys y en +

0
&
=

-
x
clase-I 17(1/23

flow of fluid through pine

'Dffer
RtEn
convective
.

·
steady
V
state
incompressible >
viseous

↓I
out

convective momentum in the annular

region (C

(in = (AreXV2) x 3 x
V2=sVxCHUBU/z
volume rate

mass rate

Cout = Sv 2H595/z 12 +

momentum
Viscous
T2CTUD21
(iM)

1/ x/

(out)
:T22HUDZIODO

pressure for (m):Po CHU Uz gravitate force=2HD2g

"Cour:PCHWDO12+A2
"
 shell momentum balance

Ez 240121. 32210 12/ CPOCTODUI RCHODUL) SGHHWANDI

+
-

- +

=0
D0

/drevz - dp Fo 9
+

dp P
=

25
(p (g)z2
c
+
=
+

at0 = 0,
1,2 = 074=0

Evz
(p 19)
= +

dvz ((p pg)

- +
=

:v
(8 99)
- +
=

atvp,
vz0
=

x=
(1p p9)B2
+

Ev
5g)(PEe)
(1p
=
+

...v
(p 49)Eu)1 72) max=(1p +5g) re
= + -
 velocity profile: E
yH R vvda.do
:X
=

HR was do

=> E
(AN +9g)-R2 1veme
=
=

v vx πpz
=

M vxy =

fignment

①
rotating pipe
>- film
this he
↑M
air odly
1
profile of
⑦ P

W
/ liquid
rectangular plate
conveyor belt
 Rajshrec
PAGE NO:

Class
7
DATE 18l23J
Pastial time dernivative

Total trme deuvahve

Sbstantial t i e desivative De=J+

De s t
V V V,ic
2

Equcti om tv Cntiuut

Rate of mass-Ratt of mas Net Tate af

accstlation
going in faue
mass

In 2 faa.
JuAyA2l-ÍvxayAzla+a

dVy An Azly-iVyArAzlyiA
Vz Az Ayl2 - lv2 4x Ayl24z

n Aglz-{Vz An Ayl2+A2 AAdz-

de
Sy

VdV)-
 Rajshree
PAGE NO.
OATE L8 l22

ovnttow ef u'd ina Cyw'ndaual pipe:

mc. O

v
in Tr 21 Azlrdr

Mo u m Balan

Tr 201 Azbud (vz 21 Azat 2Ta AA fL

-alfa
2

da 2

dv =
-aA da
n 2

Vz -afade

2
 case-s (9/1/23

eq of continuity
a
- 2

t
a convective momentum

21 12/
T v rate of accumulation A
=

Dy1284 -
N

of mass Ot
7 By Δ
L 3
1x
x

F(pv)
(p
-
=

fxv
(p
-
=

For an incompressible fluid xv=0.

evi-Cry+ce
fquation of motion

rate of change of momentum (in-out) +

forces
arting liquid-netrate
of arcumulation
on re

dr,2 dVe
component
of velocity
x -

du
32 usdVe) Dysgdz
21 -> P
12/
T v
N
rug
7 By Δ
L 3
1x
x
>vx

convective momentum (in-out)=PV,v, by 12(x -

PVpV syD2(x +
1)

connective
momnium<
the to
componentof
PVyVc. AS.Azly -SVoVs DCD2Iyexy
velocity.
SVvyAx(z
-

PVzVxAyAx/z 12 +
 rate of
change of TyxBx.B2 [yzBxD2y+py 2zxBxByz TzBxBy2+
-
- +
=

y b2

discous momentum

+(EnDyDz(x Zxbypz(x 1x)

-
+

Forces -

pressure force=(P-Pita) Dypz

gravitational force pg, =

AxBy Dz

rate of accumulation of momentum xx

=

by AzSv
It

desve [PRVs efCPUNy) HECOUNT

=- -
-

Ty,zE] CP)
-

7.(9VV)
..r(pN yg
=
- - xe -

xp +

case-I case -

↳ is constant SAM are constant

[X.z] (+2
SAV 1p
x PAW - xp
gg
+
- +
- +

.: ..
=

=
 cass.9 24/1/23

Fan of
continuity
A=
- 9+V

for incompressible fluid xr=0

Eve Ove He
+
+

motion
Egn of

for 2
component:

ve) z(PvsV) EPryr) Esprevs)-e) -RpfERdD

-
- -

+B

z(PV) x(9VV) x7 4p
pg
- = +
-
=

Ot

for constant I and u

(SVV)

Pz(V.V) E(vyv) Creves]:[Gp Ayp-

+ +

+ -
=
IGx Azyy 3J:(More-Nory or Mart
+

+ + -

2is =

2,2, 23

2222 223

T3) 332233

shear stres
⑬1, E2, i normal stress,
remaining
-

deoirtrin)
Cis Tis
(hydrostatic)
=
(ii)
+

↓
static
fluid) deformations openinged
by fluidinmotion)
- -

=
r( o o
2,j0π .y
0
5) o
2.22 yi
o o
0.
xx

~
21372333
 ↑
Rajskrce
PAGE NO.
Clase-10 ↳ 11123
OAT243

Navve-Sto kes Eauation.

S Jy

Dx SA

P Dy- p 7y-? Navi - Stoke Equetion.

FLidPles lo_an inddned plan

iD -flo of
Steody stete
LxrS
lvepprt sibla flaid O n cat)

SE

SE S

- LPfq9
 Rajshree
PAGE NO

DATE 25/1

A 1- n2 ro T O
T 2
dy
dx

C 3 coss

Flow n eylinder_ n Pesu

0 -SP

A
S7
Clax
- 1) 112/23
prob
(M7
10
flow
↓

an
>u 3mst
=

SS
incompressible fluid
& 0,mm AP 0
=
=

~Y
[
PRx =
80ON/m3
xx

Mc 0.02 kgmst
=

17 repression for
u(y)
2) compute to flow rate pasta vertical section

"component
PER tobe), vyORs+, 0nc v.
+
=
-

+
Re

MO =
-

PBx
②yz
 at 0,00
y
=

y k,v
=
1 =

my pinzz yey
v = +

+mdy
E =

volumetric
flerate v =
v, x Area

las-1
cangential annular flow of a newtonian fluid
1
2/2/23
s
1
24
↳

Mob: V

"vcc
z

steady state V

Vo0 Nationary -

vz vz 0 forque=?
= =

vo f(2)
=

# 5(0,2)
C
S
R

pressure a
boy force ocomponent
↳component
1 1 T M T
-1

plON+VIv vCV-+rG)--sp-mc Or.zdotre

+
pg.
IP P0
=
solution

SE (E cro)) so
=

->

C Vz
v
v 0
=

5(2)
=
=

-(UV) 42 =

75

WV
cz 2
+
=

V + 2
= 2
2

at
v
=

kR, v0=0
v p,vo = boR
=

5 ( =- 1(z (x 2p2/5
=

(
- =
- 22
-
-
k-p2 (kz1) -
2 1)
 Vo=2arkr do
-

20o
MvEN) to
-
+
=

30
uuz (v]
=

30
e
[vE raurAt
=

M02R2R2x
200 =
-
0

300 0
M8R2(#2) ,
=

(7):Rx300 Area
corque (p =
x

RxzMRR2 x
=
-
x It

i.7 =
-

4HM2R2(k)
Dob: or

...
atall
Pate
-
SS 1)
repression of pressure
points atliquid
-

-> pressure 2) Find

the shape of free
inside fluid p f(r,1)
=

surface when so is

establish
vv v
=
0
=

90 90
=

0
=

Vo= f(0)
vo f(v), P:Patm
=

p f(r,2) inside the

fluid.
=
 dase-14 7/2/23

O component

p/00 varo robo-wro+rvo-NHOe) tRCL tore

+

o
u[z(tz(wva)
=

↓ G(UV0) c
=

2 88

vtuvo 42
=

wvo=
(2 c
+

v
1 E
=
+

at5
0,4 0
= =

v
p,v0 28,c 27
=
= =

vo 1r=

P2z2 a
-

=-

d pr20,
=
p-prttp
2

Ap sgz
=

p cgzz +
=

C2

p p1zz pqz
= +
+

2
at and
20,p=Patm
5= 0 2=

·component 1:
Patm $9,20
-

SVE a
- -

P-Patm=
2282 19,22 2)
+
-

I
component
fg=
P
Class-
-

13 812/23
Radial flow between two
parallel diske
flow in
I

~v
V
raci
of both disk U =

radic
of
opering o,
=

>

equa
·

rs vv f(0,2)5,28102
=

i
V y 0
= =

V
12
W
V atz +b,v
=

0
=

out >
flow
z
b,V5=0
=

Provo =Pmfure or
+
e
from of
egn
continuivity
Assignment

IE(S(W)
0
=

-j(ry) 0
=

rv 0 =

v
a only f (2)
= -

zp 0
=

motion

OvovninTutoror
88
te

or

2 dp + P2
-

Nzez:diack(A2) -dp-d:
=
-

=>

T
* =

f(z)

:v 1 7022]
creeping flow condition,
=

2MslnUz
81
Preparation section

Topics
V
Branchise
-

Definitions
1

Results
1
Practice
-
Cheat sheet
&

Presentation
 sheel momentum Balance

Body force

control volupic momentum.

>convective

elementin the direction

conductive
of flowdifferential momentu
in the direction of
Nature,
Changing
velocity should be same

throughoutthe control volum

=> connective momento
in out =
INTE

NENTO
 will do to the
->
surface a increase away.

zL
=

inside -
outside

-
out
in

weight

viaries across area

for mean with odor
ME
 convective momentum in the control volume

yout
in is come
of the assumption
~y 5(y)
f

flow between a stationary plate and moving plate

velocity always change in 35

↳stationary plate
-

&

( 0) =

favorrible pressure gradient

 c
negative velocity

for Q0

above
limiting
->
Umux>u

doy
Here
=

A
=

=> ②
Falling film from pipe outside BVP wo
slipatsurforlt t-out L-Vinterface
.

.
> outer wall

sign problem
 for 0 -> convective forces
->netic
comp. of momentum inside accumulate

↓ Through face
X

-> morcular
momentum o
comp conductive promonton or viscousmomentum
fac

↑ooe.

I constall
I, u

>M 0
=
 quantity measured
C,y,2 arsboratio pte, is the

adority from ofmeasure

oldy
to

do of is

v,,ry, ve is
velocity of fluid,
along fluid
fromgoing
.
.

->
mass flus

ACIDYA2Z

P
->

②
for
CE
 coordinates
cartesian
 nick the equation component

along
the flow of fluid

->
rake coordinates for.
cylinder

upon
-

better to use.
as in
velocityso
n

doubt.P=-$B
oldre flow
reas

integrating alony fat

> an
wrong
 <Vy)
=

1 Syde

40
=

M(r()
+

Radial
flow
↳is a
functionof 22
companofegn ofcontinuity
GV)
Or:1
=>

2
,
is
froz
...y f(2,0)
=

->
Nonline soln.
 Leftside of Navier stoke equ
↳ convective momentar
20-3
In a low
convective
vel
part
o city
can
situation, the
be
neglected,
creepingflow
This cords is called

->
when
pure differential one side
use indefinite inregul

-> because VI is
fenof d(2)
·

192

~Hdz - volume
 ① flow of fled on a inclined plan
force Betten
O
-

etal
*
y
L
-

TAK (S) (dx) go

=

=g
at =0
Latterface.
c 0
=

caner. Man in-out(.:55)

at =0,T=
0-remember 3o
② parallel
plates 3- 3
I

)
V2 Al
2x(6"
-

=
..

C:) *p-
:

BVP
apply
·each integration (r+
i)a") ay
Balang G)y)
+

plate
③
stationary moving

-R
<=
areare
⑭ belt
upward moving
aA-pag
-

I(a) I =
-

52

⑤ film
falling from pipe outside

A wfor
TCl- (T de) 2HreUR +

(101)AG:
- per
-

⑥ Laminar flow narrow slit

dez
((+$92
=

all

'
L

As B
⑦ niction

Eye-
⑧ flow
through
circle tube/pipel

dez (+(E.e
=

⑨ annular
flow
⑨ rotating tube

⑩ Radial flow
 Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY INDORE
Mid Semester Examination (2022 Spring Semester)
Course Code and Title: MM 206 (Transport Phenomenon) Date: 28-02-2022
Max. Time Duration: 2 h Marks: 30
Number of Questions: 04 (all questions are compulsory) No. of pages in the question paper: 2

1. Two parallel sidewalls of a muffle furnace with chamber temperature (maintained

constant) at 1050 °C need to be insulated. Chamber dimensions are 20 cm (H) ´ 20 cm (L) ´
20 cm (W). Other sides of the furnace are assumed to be perfectly insulated. The ambient air
temperature and associated convective heat transfer coefficient are 300 K and 10 Wm-2K-1,
respectively. There are two choices of insulation material: Material A with thermal
conductivity of 0.1 Wm-1K-1 at 5 INR per cm3 and Material B with thermal conductivity of
0.6 Wm-1K-1 at 1 INR per cm3. If the temperature of the outer side of the insulation is
required to be about 50 °C and rate of total heat flow out of furnace chamber is 200 W,
a. Which material (A or B) would be more economical to use for the desired insulation?
b. What would be the total cost of insulation?
c. What is the critical thickness of insulation of your chosen material (either A or B) at
which rate of heat loss from the furnace chamber is maximum? [2+1+1]

2. A solid cylindrical copper sample with a diameter of 10 mm and length 20 mm heated to a

temperature of 850 K is dropped in a large fluid bath maintained at temperature 300 K.
Given: the density of the copper is 9 g/cm3, the thermal conductivity of the copper is 350
Wm-1K-1, convective heat transfer coefficient to the fluid is 2000 Wm-2K-1, the specific heat
capacity of copper is 370 Jkg-1K-1.
a. How much time will it take for the surface of this sample to cool down to 400 K?
b. How much time will it take for the centre of this sample to cool down to 400 K?
c. What are the values of Fourier number (Fo) and Biot number (Bi) when the
temperature at a radial distance of 5 mm from the central axis surface of the reaches
400 K? [3+1+2]

3. A solid cylindrical sample of diameter 46 mm and length 80 mm carries a current of 1 A. The

total resistance of this sample is 1 ohm (temperature-independent) and thermal conductivity
of 1 Wm-1K-1. If the ambient air temperature is 300 K, and an associated convective heat
transfer coefficient is 10 Wm-2K-1, under steady-state heat flow
a. Calculate the temperature TO at the outer surface of the sample.
b. Plot the radial temperature profile, i.e., T(r) versus r, where r is the conventional
cylindrical radial coordinate.
c. Calculate the rate of heat loss per unit length of the given sample.
d. If the maximum temperature this sample can withstand is 60 °C, is it safe to use this
sample with a current of 10 A?
Ignore the heat transfer via radiation process, and state assumption(s) if made any.
[3+2+2+3]
4. A steady-state heat flows through a double-walled cylinder of length l with inside radius ri,
the radius of the interfacial wall rm, and outside radius ro (see the figure given below). If the
temperature-independent thermal conductivities of the inner and outer walls’ material are
k1 and k2, and the temperature of inner and outer surfaces are maintained at Ti and To,
calculate:

a. T(r); and plot T(r) versus r in region ri ≤ r ≤ rm.

b. Heat flux q(r) in region ri ≤ r ≤ rm.
c. Heat flow (heat transfer rate) Q(r) per unit length in the region ri ≤ r ≤ rm.
d. What will be Q(r) if the contact thermal resistance at the walls’ interface is RC?
[6+2+1+1]
 Class-16
Brundary layer thickness
12
9/2/23
xC

flow
proach................ I L insid
I

ucug
⑭

stationaryplate
n= =
↳ 6
visors
flow

a thickness
viscous flow is observed within of fluid

ttl
at s =0,N 0.9
y
= =

otherdimensions taken as unit

thickness (s *)
Displacement
Reduction ((08 dy
flow rate
in mass
S = -0)
mo
x

due to
boundary layer viscous flow in
flowrate o volumetri

Reduction in Mass
flow:Ivo s*
flow rate in invisid

proS*=8pluo-udy
.:(* =

G(1 -

) dy ULMs

Class-17 momentum Thickness (0) 16/02/23

S

rate momentum
reduction is of for fluid in BL= ! BUdy Us His -

W 5
reduction
moreflow
in

velocity
rate o

reduction in rate of momenture in invisid flow:Ino

:o
=

wu (1 ze -
Class-18 "m

SFSmn
- y Ipflow
3

.
x

c()
w x4 = f(x)
x
+
A)(
L >
L

yn
is
M8
:
x
/ //
u - i3s*
2
McMa, i ip=

A-B
> i =ip

Sony-Spudy + Prs
*

i.5*
f
=

)dy
Rate of momentum
transportatA IMS
=

=soJurdy-quasile CIN
S

difference (A-B)
momentin
.
⑧
=
Suzs-plurdy-Srps +pSM/)ay
jS(uM) u-)dy
=
-

Su2Sr T1. me
=
 Boundary layer apprecimation Assumptions
Ipflow
SS
ern
of continuity egn of motion
incompressible
CMx Cy 0
x-component
+ =

ry
vyou) u(u orend
67
P(x,z
=
+ +

of magnitude scaling
order
~ us
S

VyGu 0 aee
L

v,(p)
+

t
-
e
:

0
=
VeVa v.W
L S
wa n0Ms
52
0
2 nvS wvz SL<L
T L

imponent

u,Sy+VyCy
0
1413123

Le-1 POST MIDSEM

15/3/22
Lr-2

Approximate integral method

b mer

i ---noinee plats
mass balance

MastMor* Med: 0

mor:Mrd-Mab

mas: v, dy de

itac?" m
- de

mor:mas Malde

=Syndydz-(94,dyd2] d
mer: tyr, ddy
momentum balance
(n.
t
rate
11
of change of
convertive
momentum
viscous
11
(Mv)
net
-

forces-o

↑,(ab)= Ividydz-in mi,(br)=

I 9vk, ddyde - in

in,d)=PVIdydz + Cerdyd2)di-out, M(b):Tysly-sd.d2 in -

M,(ad) Zysly-A2-out =
 wall she stress -
Two=-Ty,didw

i,(ab) +
M,(62) -

M, (C)
-

M( ad) 0
=

Vavdesdydz-erdy.d.d2=Zysly-d. de

-eva-3, dy=-Zwly--Moyly=0

VaV-Vdy=vly- o
von Karman
integral

rob:
(vi) (Va (x)
,
ay bys
-

B
⑯ 4,)(y,dy
-

0,Vx
y
0
=

()(r) dy
+

y 6,4
Ux,
= =

a,b ?
=

-4) lagu e
vx
2y 2
= -

=zV(y) (
-

6 e

ly-"* ot
=

drag for:Fic=- Tys·d2dx YMC92

=
2313/23

Lex4 Turbulant flow

vo
Turbulantflow

inertial
--
butter
subbayer
== ========virus
sublaye
friction factor (f)
Fartl

F fAK=

↓ ↓
-average Kinetic
Carea*
mos
velocity i
friction Area
energy
volume
factor
Fix P(2HRL)
=

1PV-2
x 352
1
=

Fix TO
=

(2HRL F,2 AP
=
CHRY

-
Ep
=f =

((G) (15-2)
=

for flow through

the
profile
velocity
Re= ID, ReC2100
l

(g)
3
(1p
+

Lamina flow through

be
->
+
=

smooth wall inne

E e
0
=

Re
7 0.019
= ->
curoulant
smooth wall
flow
1032 R1105
Q *

p 0.05M =

N
⑰ -
300m i 1.5 x
=

103m/s
calculate Ap? 3 997
=

kg/m3
smooth x104 pal
pipe M 8.57
=

Re 44x104
=

f (1) Pre
=

3.8 x 104 NM
AP
=

Q
p 0.07m =

⑰ ⑱
&=125N/m3 9,
300m
Msame

Assume Lamina (f pe)

=

Ret
f (*)
==0.0291
=

v
=

7
Re:
ID
2100

For a
rough pipe for turbulantflow
~5

constant-relative
toughness pt-- log,
I
--
D
bub
↳ diameter
of
 PAGE NO.

lamnino
Pe <2000
9e00
AvttLak'rg to ponoat
Smooth

Nokee stock f Rukaost flao:

Peynod's Shreuiel
 PAGE NO

Lonsina
Vem

Tuellant
Lamioa
Vz

<Vz

Vzmar

Aya

Visous

f
 PAGE NO.

Re

roth Sall

D0-05

Pe
 Tockulont tas

12

questn doct

16
pe

(O0)2
223 m/
 PXGL NO:
Tpuikoo

Hacland (onladn.
4laminak ATuvlctlant
f
6.4
(sc)

000

Preliuse op

Fla past

egh

{24 Pe <o]18S
Re
 3990
cal teolae

{luwd
Ag m1

- glaneí.
A

PEma at 2

tAodifed erholli'y egr

loss
 PAGE HO

2B
hodi fhed

ples

The dhopis

20

S mal diq
2
As
lorg da
 IPAGE NO

boh

Om
youshres
P2 105 Pa
Tuebi.
Cal leale

modikeo tanlliu

2 2P

E4 2

8A
 PAGE N

Pas

2B

Meat fQmafen

fae's las
An ()

condutiuit
 IEAGE NC

(onvectve:

Coefficitat

de

Ry (7, T)

kolla ylindes
K
-A b
T|

in (ae)

T4
 PASENO

ho
T;-To-e
-A AT

KA

To,ho
 PAGE NO

(ytiodeu

To

22

2tdy tin-Eat +Eaene Eragdoioed

Oraed

Ta

Esletd
at

`cpdI ddy dz
d

Hmal diui
11 14123

DC -

9 Heattransfer

Enter tenby t

A
conduction convection

1) atx T: solid fluid

0, Ts
=

x =Ts

2) For insubaled
body fluid solid
9 =0

(x
0
=

-
0 x L
=

x 0
=

--
Ax
3)
k= [5s-4]
-

-
menen

patflow s

To s, Ts2:Tsi Ts
=

+ I=
9) c,) cet 1, F
Es,
=

x =

T T52
-1,
=

x=

:, txt, I 7
-x 72
- +

92
:x =5
(1- 22) tas:is +
+

2k
 Heat conduction in electrical wire SS

!
peat in-Heat out Heat
generator-o
E
aont
- density
Heat in=2HEL 9'o = Ex-cormal
=

Heatout = 2412 + r) Lg'lo+ Ar

conductivity
= 2H5L9'/2 12 +

generated:2HW18L9
Heat

q, 22=

2 at 2 1,
=
T 5
=

a []
7
1 E 5
=
-
+

get
- -
e

what I don the will be 10',

ogor wire 2
2Mm,L=5M
=
for temperature rise

The surface temp. of wire is

given at20°c.
convection

Forced Force

Y ::g n(1
= -

T)

See
T

a convective
n)Ts -T)
·'s PraH
=
 velocity boundary layo
By:votee
v M
YOI'
=

Permal
boundarylayer
v
+vy: C)
Frand
number

Pr I 4
=

For laminar fluids

0.6 <P5 <50

Local heat
transfo

roefficientris:0.3214P*

heat transfor
average
officient, I c
5 =

0.6641(
Nussetnumber (Nu)
1. 3 50
pe
= =
 8
0.99V2

o N
->
-

for genualisation.

-> caseof
inthe

viscosity
no

b -Reductionthe
ene

->
assuming b=1

Navier stokes equation for Boundarylayo

2) G
OK
ry
sk) is small
↳
approximation.
 - is
functionof.

Because of stream
bunction, equation of
continuity isdefault
satisfied.
Ential

W
:I
↳-dimensionless
quantity.

->
Sis fenofonly n

PDEtOPE)
 navier stokes
- PDE equation
is turned into ODEequation

aty 0
=

=>
d5
2)
=

a
y 0
=

=>

=) ..
51
==
fer-23
-