Zapanta, Arlyn Leane M.

BSBAMMOUM 1-A

MATH IN THE MODERN WORLD

Assessment 2

1. Write each statement in words. Let p: The plane is on time. Let q: The sky is clear.

(a) 𝑝 ˄ (¬ 𝑞)
The plane is on time and the sky is not clear.
(b) 𝑞 ⟶ (𝑝 ˅ ¬ 𝑝)
If the sky is clear then the plane is on time or the plane is not on time.
(c) 𝑝 ↔ 𝑞
The plane is on time if only if the sky is clear.

2. Construct a truth table for each proposition.

(a) [(𝑝 ˄ 𝑞) ˅ 𝑟] ↔ [(𝑝 ˄ 𝑟) ˅ (𝑞 ˄ 𝑟)]

p q r P^q (p ^ q) v r P^r Q^r (p ^ r) v (q ^ r)

T T T T T T T T
T T F T T F F F
T F T F T T F T
F T T F T F T T
T T F T T F F F
T F T F T T F T
F T T F T F T T
F F F F F F F F
 (b) [(𝑝 ˄ 𝑟) ⟶ (𝑞 ˄ ¬𝑟)] ⟶ [(𝑝 ˄ 𝑞) ˅ 𝑟)]

p q r ¬r p^r q ^ ¬r p^q (p ^ q) v r
T T T F T F T T
T T F T F T T T
T F T F T F F T
F T T F F F F T
T T F T F T T T
T F T F T F F T
F T T F F F F T
F F F T F F F F

3. Prove the De Morgan’s Laws by constructing truth tables

Given: ~ (p v q) = ~p ^ ~q

p q ~p ~q pvq ~ (p v q) ~p ^ ~q

T T F F T F F

T F F T T F F

F T T F T F F

F F T T F T T

4. Let U = Letters in the English Alphabet = {a, b, c, . . ., x, y, z}

A = {t, r, i, a, n, g, l, e, s}
B = {s, q, u, a, r, e}
C = {h, e, x, a, g, o, n, s}

Determine the following:

(a) 𝑨 ⋃ (𝑩 ⋂ 𝑪)
 𝐴 ⋃ (𝐵 ⋂ 𝐶) = {t, r, i, a, n, g, l, e, s} ⋃ {s, q, u, a, r, e} ⋂ {h, e, x, a,
g, o, n, s}
= {t, r, i, a, n, g, l, e, s} ⋃ {a, e}
𝐴 ⋃ (𝐵 ⋂ 𝐶) = {t, r, i, a, n, g, l, e, s, a, e}
(b) (𝑨 ⋃ 𝑩)′ ⋂ 𝑪
(Α ⋃ Β)’ = 𝒰 - (Α ⋃ Β)
= {a, b, . . ., y, z} - {t, r, i, a, n, g, l, e, s, q, u}
(Α ⋃ Β)’ = {b, c, d, f, h, j, k, m, o, p, v, w, x, y, z}
(𝐴 ⋃ 𝐵)′ ⋂ 𝐶 = {b, c, d, f, h, j, k, m, o, p, v, w, x, y, z} ⋂ {h, e, x, a,
g, o, n, s}
(𝐴 ⋃ 𝐵)′ ⋂ 𝐶 = {h, z, o, s}
(c) (𝑨 ⋂ 𝑪) ⋃ (𝑩 ⋂ 𝑪)
(𝐴 ⋂ 𝐶) = {t, r, i, a, n, g, l, e, s} ⋂ {h, e, x, a, g, o, n, s}
(𝐴 ⋂ 𝐶) = {a, g, e, n, s}
(𝐵 ⋂ 𝐶) = {s, q, u, a, r, e} ⋂ {h, e, x, a, g, o, n, s}
(𝐵 ⋂ 𝐶) = {s, a, e}
(𝐴 ⋂ 𝐶) ⋃ (𝐵 ⋂ 𝐶) = {a, g, e, n, s} ⋃ {s, a, e}
(𝐴 ⋂ 𝐶) ⋃ (𝐵 ⋂ 𝐶) = {a, g, e, n, s}
(d) 𝑨 ⋂( 𝑪 ⋂ U)’
C⋂𝒰 = {h, e, x, a, g, o, n, s} ⋂ Letters in English alphabet
C⋂𝒰 = {h, e, x, a, g, o, n, s}
𝐴 ⋂( 𝐶 ⋂ U) = {t, r, i, a, n, g, l, e, s} ⋂ {h, e, x, a, g, o, n, s}
𝐴 ⋂( 𝐶 ⋂ U) = {a, n, g, e, s}

(e) n [(𝑨 ⋃ 𝑩) ⋂ (𝑩 ⋃ 𝑪 )]
A⋃B = {t, r, i, a, n, g, l, e, s} ⋃ {s, q, u, a, r, e}
A⋃B = {t, r, i, a, n, g, l, e, s, q, u}
B⋃C = {s, q, u, a, r, e} ⋃ {h, e, x, a, g, o, n, s}
B⋃C = {s, q, u, a, r, e, h, x, g, o, n}
 (A ⋃ B) ⋂ (B ⋃ C) = {t, r. i, a, n, g, l, e, s, q, u} ⋂ {s, q, u, a, r, e, h, x, g,
o, n}
(A ⋃ B) ⋂ (B ⋃ C) = {r, a, n, g, e, s, q, u}

o n (𝐴 ⋃ 𝐵) ⋂ (𝐵 ⋃ 𝐶 )]= 8

5. A survey of 90 customers was taken at Barnes & Noble regarding the type of books purchased.
The survey found that 44 purchased mysteries, 33 purchased science fiction, 29 purchased
romance novels, 13 purchased mysteries and science fiction, 5 purchased science fiction and
romance novels, 11 purchased mysteries and romance novels, and 2 purchased all three types of
books (mysteries, science fiction, romance novels). How many of the customer surveyed
purchased?

The number of customer n (⋃) = 90

The number of customers purchased mysteries n (m) = 44
The number of customers purchased science fiction n (s) = 33
The number of customers purchased romance novels n (r) = 29
The number of customers purchased mysteries and science fiction n (m ⋂ s) = 13
The number of customers purchased science fiction and romance novels n (s ⋂ r) 5
The number of customers purchased mysteries and romance novels n (m ⋂ r) = 11
The number of customers purchased all three types of books (mysteries, science fiction,
romance novels) n (m ⋂ s ⋂ r) = 2

Venn diagram can be shown us

(a) mysteries only?
= n (m) + n (m ⋂ s ⋂ r) – n (m ⋂ s) – n (m ⋂ r)
= 44 = 2 – 13 -11

= 24

(b) mysteries and science fiction, but not romance novel?

= n (m ⋂ s) – n (m ⋂ s ⋂ r)
= 13 – 2

= 11

(c) mysteries or science fiction?

= n (m) + n (s) – n (m ⋂ s)
= 44 + 33 – 13

= 64

(d) romance novels or mysteries, but not science fiction?

= n (m ⋃ r) – n (s ⋂ r) – n (m ⋂ r) + (m ⋂ s ⋂ r)
= 64 – 5 – 11 +2

= 50

(e) exactly two types (mysteries, science fiction, romance novels)?

= n (m ⋂ s) + n (s ⋂ r) – 3 x n (m ⋂ s ⋂ r)
= 13 + 15 + 11 – 2 x 3

= 23