Worked examples Exercise 7.7 Exercise 7.8 EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES | 125 Therefore either x — 5 = 0 or x + 2 = O since, if two things multiply to make zero, then one of them must be zero. or or x=5=0 x =5 x+2=0 x =-2 Solve the following equations to give two solutions for x: a) ¥-x-12=0 (x= 4)(x + 3) =0 so either x-4=0 or x+3= x o=4 om: ke = b) +20 = 24 This becomes x? + 2x — 24=0 (x + 6)(x- 4) =0 so either x+6=0 or x-4=0" x =-6 of & =4 ° ¥-6x=0 x(x — 6) =0 so either x=0 or x-6=0 ee 4) ¥-4=0 (x -2)(x +2) =0 so either x-2=0 or x+2=0 x =2 or x =-2 Solve the following quadratic equations by factorising: 1 a) P+7x+12=0 c) 2 +13x+12=0 e) xP -5x+6=0 b) 2+ 8x+12=0 d) 2-7x+10=0 f) e-6r+8=0 2 a) P+3x—-10=0 b) x -3r-10=0 0 d) 2 —5x-14=0 0 f) 2 -2x-15=0 . b) x + 6x d) x? - 10x = -24 f) e-4r=12 4, b) P- x1 =20 d) P-4=42 f) xo +3x=54 Solve the following quadratic equations: 1. a) 2-92 0/ b) -16=0 ce) 2 =25 d) = 121 e) 7 -144=0 f) 2 -220=5 2. a) 4x°-25=0 b) 9x7 = 36 =0 c) 25x27 = 64 d) =} e) x f) 16x?-4=0124 | EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES Exercise 7.6 1. a) A numberistrebled and then 7 is added to it. If the b) c d e a b) c d e a b © 4) e total is 28, find the number. Multiply a number by 4 and then add 5 to it. If the tot is 29 find the number. If 31 is the result of adding 1 to 5 times a number, find the number. Double a number and then subtract 9. If the answer is 11 what is the number? If 9 is the result of subtracting 12 from 7 times a number, find the number. Add 3 to a number and then double the result. If the total is 22 find the number. 27 is the answer when you add 4 to a number and then treble it. What is the number? Subtract 1 from a number and multiply the result by 5. If the answer is 35, what is the number? 4 Add 3 to a number. If the result of multiplying this tot by 7 is 63, find the number. Add 3 to a number. Quadruple the result. If.the answe is 36, what is the number? Gabriella is x years old, Her brother is 8 years older ai her sister is 12 years younger than she is. If their total age is 50 years, how old are they? A series of mathematics textbooks consists of four volumes. The first volume has x pages, the second 54 pages more. The third and fourth volume each have 32 pages more than the second. If the total number of pages in all four volumes is 866, calculate the number of pages in each of the volumes. The five interior angles (in °) of a pentagon arex, x + 30, 2x, 2x + 40 and 3x + 20. The sum of the interior angles of a pentagon is 540°. Calculate the size of each of the angles. A hexagon consists of three interior angles of equal size and a further three which are double the size. The sum of all six angles is 720°. Calculate the size of each of the angles. Four of the exterior angles of an octagon are the same size. The other four are twice as big. If the sum of the exterior angles is 360°, calculate the size of the interior angles. Solving quadratic equations by factorising Students will need to be familiar with the work covered in Chapter 6 on the factorising of quadratics. 2 3x — 10 = Ois a quadratic equation, which when factorise can be written as (x ~ 5)(x + 2) = 0.