PCAR Part 1

Shall – mandatory requirement

May – discretion can be used when performing an act described in a regulation
Will – action incumbent upon the Authority
Should – recommended practice

Part – Subpart – Section – Subsection – Paragraph

Definitions
Ceiling – the height above the ground or water of the base of the lowest layer of cloud below
6,000 meters (20,000 feet) covering more than half the sky

Clearway – a defined rectangular area on the ground or water under the control of the appropriate
authority, selected or prepared as a suitable area over which an aeroplane may make a
portion of its initial climb to a specific height

Factor of Safety – a design factor used to provide for the possibility of loads greater than those
assumed, and for uncertainties in design and fabrication

Fireproof – the capability to withstand the application of heat by a flame for a period of 15 minutes

Fire resistant – the capability to withstand the application of heat by a flame for a period of 5
minutes

Flight plan – specified information provided to air traffic services units, relative to an intended
flight or portion of a flight of an aircraft

Flight time – airplanes – the total time from the moment an airplane first moves for the purpose
of taking off until the moment it finally comes to rest at the end of the flight

Flight time – helicopters – the total time from the moment a helicopter’s rotor blades start turning
until the moment the helicopter finally conies to rest at the end of the flight, and the rotor
blades are stopped.

Limit loads – the maximum loads assumed to occur in the anticipated operating conditions

Load factor – the ratio of a specified load to the weight of the aircraft, the former being expressed
in terms of aerodynamic forces, inertia forces, or ground reactions

Maintenance – the performance of tasks required to ensure the continuing airworthiness of an

aircraft, including any one or combination of overhaul, inspection, replacement, defect
rectification, and the embodiment of a modification or repair

Night – the hours between sunset and sunrise

Obstacle – all fixed (whether temporary or permanent) and mobile objects, or parts thereof, that
are located on an area intended for the surface movement of aircraft or that extend above
a defined surface intended to protect aircraft in flight

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Prognostic chart – a forecast of a specified meteorological element(s) for a specified time or
period and a specified surface or portion of airspace, depicted graphically on a chart

Prohibited area – an airspace of defined dimensions, above the land areas or territorial waters
of a State, within which the flight of aircraft is prohibited

Psychoactive substances – alcohol, opioids, cannabinoids, sedatives and hypnotics, cocaine,

other psychostimulants, hallucinogens, and volatile solvents, whereas coffee and tobacco
are excluded.

Quality assurance – all the planned and systematic activities implemented within the quality
system, and demonstrated as needed, to provide adequate confidence that an entity will
fulfill requirements for quality

Quality control – the operational techniques and activities that are used to fulfill requirements for
quality

Quality management – all activities of the overall management function that determine the
quality policy, objectives and responsibilities, and implementing them by means such as
quality planning, quality control, quality assurance and quality improvement within the
quality system

Quality system – Documented organizational procedures and policies; internal audit of those
policies and procedures; management review and recommendation for quality
improvement

Repair – the restoration of an aeronautical product to an airworthy condition to ensure that the
aircraft continues to comply with the design aspects of the appropriate airworthiness
requirements used for the issuance of the type certificate for the respective aircraft type,
after it has been damaged or subjected to wear

Restricted area – an airspace of defined dimensions, above the land areas or territorial waters
of a State, within which the flight of aircraft is restricted in accordance with certain specified
conditions

Runway strip – a defined area including the runway and stopway, if provided.

Threshold – the beginning of that portion of the runway usable for landing

Type certificate – a document issued by a Contracting State to define the design of an aircraft,
engine or propeller type and to certify that this design meets the appropriate airworthiness
requirements of that State

Type design – the set of data and information necessary to define an aircraft, engine or propeller
type for the purpose of airworthiness determination

Ultimate load – the limit load multiplied by the appropriate factor of safety

VTOSS – the minimum speed at which climb shall be achieved with the critical power-unit
inoperative, the remaining power-units operating within approved operating limits.

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PCAR Part 2
Category Ratings – Airplane, Helicopter, Glider, Free Balloon

Class Ratings – Single-engine land – airplane

Single-engine sea – airplane
Multi-engine land – airplane
Multi-engine sea – airplane
Helicopters

Type Ratings – Aircraft with at least 2 pilots

Single-pilot helicopter
Aircraft necessary by Authority

Instrument Ratings – Airplane, Helicopter

Instructor Ratings – Flight Instructors

Instructor for additional rating
Ground Instructor

Flight Engineer – Type Rating, Instructor Rating

Air Traffic Controller Ratings – Aerodrome control rating

- Approach control rating
- Approach radar control rating
- Approach precision radar control rating
- Area control rating
- Area radar control rating

Authorizations - Student Pilot, Examiner

- Category II, Category III, Inspection Authorization

Conversion of license – evidence of 200 flight hours

Language Proficiency
Level 4 (operational) – every 3 years
Level 5 (extended) – every 6 years
Level 6 (expert) – exempted

After 60th birthday – international single pilot operation not allowed

- not allowed to PIC in multi-crew operation unless other pilot is younger
After 65th birthday – not allowed as a pilot on civil aviation except PPL

Recent Experience Requirements – at least 3 take-offs and landings within the preceding 90
days

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Class Rating - Airplane/Helicopter/Powered-Lifts
Validity: 1 year – multi-engine
2 years – single-engine
Renewal: single-engine – proficiency check or 12 hours flight time within 12 months preceding
expiry
Multi-engine – proficiency check or 10 route sectors within 3 months preceding expiry

AMT Ratings
- Airframe – 30 months experience, 24 months training
- Powerplant – 30 months experience, 24 months training
- Airframe and Powerplant – 60 months experience, 30 months training
Submit requirements 30 days prior to expiry of license

AMS Ratings
- Limited Airframe – 30 months experience, 24 months training
- Limited Powerplant – 30 months experience, 24 months training
- Avionics – 36 months experience, 24 months training + 12 months practical work
Submit requirements 30 days prior to expiry of license

Visual Test Requirements

Type Distant Visual Acuity Binocular Visual Acuity
1 and 3 6/9 or better 6/6 or better
2 6/12 or better 6/9 or better

Hearing Requirements
- Hearing loss not more than 35 dB at frequencies 500, 1000, 2000 Hz, or more than 50
dB at 3000 Hz

Random Notes
*period of validity may be extended up to 45 days
*suspension of medical certificate – holder must surrender such certificate within 8 days
- Rating Validity – multi-engine class: 1 year; single-engine class: 2 years
Type rating: 1 year
- Electrocardiography for first issue and re-examination of 30-40 y/o no less frequently
than every 2 years
- Pure-tone audiometer test: once every 5 years until the age of 40 (class 1 & 3) / 50 (class
2), thereafter once every 3 years
- Distant Visual Acuity worse than 6/60 – full ophthalmic report every 5 years

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PCAR Part 3
Accountable manager - The manager who has corporate Authority for ensuring that all training
commitments can be financed and carried out to the standard required by the Authority
and any additional requirements defined by the ATO.
The Accountable Manager will have overall responsibility for the Quality System
including the frequency, format and structure of the internal management evaluation
activities.

Quality manager - The manager, acceptable to the Authority, responsible for the management of
the Quality system, monitoring function and requesting corrective actions.
verify, by monitoring activities in the field of training, that the standards required
by the Authority, and any additional requirements as established by the ATO are
being carried out properly

Initial certificate – 1 year; Renewed – 3 years

1 year – Certificate holder retain records after training
120 days – Applicant of ATO certificate shall apply before training
30 days – ATO may apply for renewal preceding expiration month
– ATO notify of any change in managerial personnel
10 days – applicant notify the Authority of any change made in assignment of persons in
instructors

Curriculum Requirements (unit hour not less than 50 min in length)

 Airframe – 1,150 hours (400 general, 750 airframe)
 Powerplant – 1,150 hours (400 general, 750 powerplant)
 Airframe and Powerplant – 1,900 hours (400 general, 750 airframe, 750 powerplant)
 Avionics – 1,150 hours (400 general, 750 avionics)

PCAR Part 4
RP-C: purpose of carrying persons or property, for or without hire
RP-G: gliders
RP-R: industrial purposes only
RP-X: experimental
RP-S: non-type certificated aircraft

Marking
- 50 cm: Height on a lighter-than-air aircraft
- 30 cm: Size of markings on heavier-than-air aircraft on fuselage & vertical tail
- 50 cm: Size of markings on heavier-than-air aircraft on wings
- Marks on unmanned free balloon: on identification plate

Marking – Letters & Numbers

- “1” should be 1/6th wide as it is high
- Solid lines are 1/6th as thick as the character is high
- Space between each character may not be less than 1/4th of the character width
- Width of the characters should be 2/3rd its height (in general)
- Height of “M” and “W” is equal to its width

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Lighter-than-air: Aerostat
Heavier-than-air: Aerodyne
Magnus effect – Flettner airplane

PCAR Part 5
Aircraft should be re-weighed:
a. Used for commercial / aerial work operations – 3 years
b. Used in general aviation – 5 years
c. Used for commercial operations with CAAP approved weight control program –
determined by the work program
d. as the Director General may direct

Revise Load Data sheet

a. Airplanes – empty weight has changed – whichever is greater
- more than 0.5% of the MTOW or 10 kg
- center of gravity changed by more than 2% of the maximum range or 5 mm
b. Rotorcraft – empty weight has changed – whichever is greater
- more than 1% of the MTOW or 10 kg
- center of gravity changed by more than 10% of the maximum range or 10 mm

Owners shall report on failure – 5,700 kg (A), 3,175 kg (H) – within 3 days

PCAR Part 6
Approved Data – technical information approved by the Authority
Maintenance Release – certification confirming that the maintenance work to which it relates has
been complied with in accordance with the applicable standards
Return to Service – A document signed by an authorized representative of an AMO in respect of
an inspection, repair, or modification
Specific Operating Provisions – describes the ratings (Class and/or limited) in detail and contains
reference material and process specifications used in performing repair work.
AMO Certificate – 1 page signed by authority, and a multi-page specific operating provisions,
signed by accountable manager and authority

Personnel
Accountable Manager – responsible for ensuring that all necessary resources are available to
accomplish maintenance
Base Maintenance Manager – ensure that all maintenance required to be carried out in the
hangar
Quality Manager – Monitoring compliance to Part 6; requesting remedial action as necessary as
appropriate
Workshop Manager – ensuring work on components is performed to required standards

Minimum/Maximum Hours
8 hours – minimum rest of a person who will perform maintenance function
12 hours – maximum hours allowed to a person performing maintenance function
16 consecutive; 20 in 24 hours – duty to a person performing maintenance in situations involving

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 unscheduled aircraft unserviceability
10 hours – mandatory rest of a person after unscheduled duty periods
24 hours – person performing maintenance functions relieved from all duties during any 7
consecutive day period

Days requirements
72 hours – reporting of unairworthy conditions
60 days – request for deviation authority must be submitted to the Authority
60 days – request for renewal of certificate before expiration

- Certificate of Rating issued to an AMO is valid for 2 years

- The AMO shall retain the capability list(s) and self-evaluation(s) for 2 years from the date
accepted by the Accountable Manager
- The AMO shall retain a copy of all detailed maintenance records for 2 years.
- The AMO shall keep the record of a certifying person for at least 2 years after ceasing
employment
- Records are maintained in active file for 2 years then transferred to dead storage for 5
additional years.
- The Accountable Manager and Chief Certifying Staff Manager are responsible for
preparing and submitting a Malfunction or Defect Report

Tagging and Identification of Parts

White tags – unit and customer only
Green tag – units requiring repairs or test
Yellow tag – completed units which have received final inspection
Red tag – rejected parts, pending final disposition

PCAR Part 7
Required for aircraft operation:
- airspeed indicator
- pressure altimeter
- vertical speed indicator
- turn and slip indicator
- magnetic compass
- outside air temperature indicator
- timepiece
Required only at night operation:
- attitude indicator
- directional gyroscope

FDR shall retain information during the last

- 25 hours – Type I and II
- 30 mins – Type IIA
- 10 hours – Type IV, IVA, V

Airborne Image Recorders

- Class A AIR or AIRS – general cockpit area
- Class B AIR or AIRS – data link message displays

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 - Class C AIR or AIRS – instruments and control panels

Megaphones
- 61-99 passengers – 1
- 100 or more – 2

- Public address system – capable of operation within 10 seconds

- Flight recorders shall operate at a frequency of 37.5 kHz, operate for a minimum of 90
days. (1 January 2018)
- Recalibration of FDR system – every 5 years
- Sensors dedicated to FDR system – calibrated every 2 years
- Altitude Reporting Transponders required starting FL 290
- Loss of pressurization indicator required at 25000 ft.
- Altitude alerting system, ground proximity warning system, airborne collision avoidance
system II, and forward looking wind shear warning system are obligatory for turbine-powered
airplane with a maximum certificated take-off mass exceeding 5,700 kg.
- Altitude alerting system, and forward looking wind shear warning system are obligatory
for turbine-powered airplane with a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more
than 9 seats.
- All aircraft shall be equipped with a 406 MHz ELT
- No person may operate an aircraft at altitudes above 10,000 ft unless it is equipped
with oxygen masks
- No person may operate a pressurized aircraft at altitudes above 25,000 ft
- Exceeding 5,700 kg, oxygen/breathing gas required for a period of not less than 15
minutes

Passenger Seating Capacity Minimum Number of Hand Fire Extinguishers

7-29 1
30-60 2
61-200 3
201-300 4
301-400 5
401-500 6
501-600 7
601 or more 8

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PCAR Part 8
Configuration deviation list (CDL) – identifies any external parts of an aircraft type which may
be missing at the commencement of a flight
Master minimum equipment list (MMEL) – containing items, one or more which is permitted to
be unserviceable at the commencement of a flight

- An operator should track the position of an airplane at least every 15 minutes for the
portion(s) of the inflight operation(s)

Aircraft less than 5,700 kg – Annual / 100 Hours / Progressive Inspection

over 5,700 kg – Continuous Airworthiness Maintenance Inspection

30 days – notify the Authority on change to inspection program

60 days – authorize a pilot to operate aircraft requiring type rating without a type rating
90 days – minimum period of retaining maintenance records after withdrawal

Pilot
8 hours – no person may act as crew member of a civil aircraft under influence of alcohol
6 hours in 6 months – no person may act as pilot under IFR/IMC unless
90 days – no person may act as PIC unless 3 takeoffs and landings

Oxygen Mask
- PIC shall ensure continuous oxygen breathing for altitudes exceeding 10,000 ft and
13,000 ft
- Oxygen mask: General Aviation – FL 350
Commercial Transport – FL 250

Flight Plan
- 60 minutes before departure; or
- If in flight, 10 minutes before reaching control area / crossing advisory route

Minimum Fuel and Oil

- Turbojet: during the day, at least 30 minutes thereafter
- Propeller: flights at night, at least 45 minutes thereafter
- International: 15% of the total flight time
- (H) Period of 20 minutes at best-range speed
- (H) International: 10% of the total flight time

Destination alternate fuel & Additional fuel – 15 minutes at holding speed at 450 m

Turbine-Engined Airplanes
- For 30 minutes at holding speed at 450 m (also for H)
- 5% of the total time for the flight

Take-off Limitations
- Clear obstacles at 35 ft (turbine), 50 ft (reciprocating), 200 ft (airport boundaries), 300 ft
(after boundaries), without banking more than 15 degrees

Minimum Safe Altitudes

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 - Congested Area or other obstruction: 300 m within 600 m radius
- Other areas: 150 m
- At night (VFR): 300 m, radius of 8 km, 600 m in mountainous, radius of 8 km

Instrument Approach Operations

Type A: minimum descent height or decision height at or above 75 m (200 ft)
Type B: decision height below 75 m (200 ft). Classified as:
CAT I: decision height not lower than 60 m (200 ft), visibility not less than 800 m or a
runway visual range not less than 550 m
CAT II: decision height lower than 60 m (200 ft), but not lower than 30 m (100 ft), runway
visual range not less than 300 m
CAT IIIA: decision height lower than 30 m (100 ft) or no decision height, runway visual
range not less than 175 m
CAT IIIB: decision height lower than 15 m (30 ft), or no decision height, runway visual
range less than 175 m but not less than 50 m
CAT IIIC: no decision height and no runway range limitations

Variation in true airspeed

- PIC shall inform ATC if Mach 0.02 or more, or +/- 19 km/h (10 kt)

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No person may land / takeoff an aircraft under VRF unless the:
- Ceiling is at least 450 m; ground visibility is at least 5 km
No person may operate in VFR flight
- Above FL 200
- ATC authorization may not be granted at VSM of 300 m at FL 290

IFR Take-off minimums

- Aircraft: 2 engines or less: 1,500 m (1 sm) visibility
- Aircraft: more than 2 engines: 800 m (1 sm) visibility
- Helicopters: 800 m (1 sm) visibility

The PIC shall require all passengers to use oxygen continuously at cabin pressure altitudes above
13,000 ft

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No domestic operation if crew member’s total flight time will exceed:
- 1,000 hours in a year (also for Int’l)
- 100 hours in a month (also for Int’l)
- 30 hours in a week (32 for Int’l)
- 8 hours between required rest periods

PCAR Part 9
Authority may issue AOC if:
- has at least 3 aircraft, 1 owned
AOC – 2 documents – public display signed by authority, and operations specifications
AOC – effective for 24 months
- valid until: termination, surrender of certificate, more than 60 days suspension of
operations
- application of renewal – at least 30 days before end of validity (or with changes)
- application of renewal – at least 60 days before the expiry date on the certificate

Amendment – effective 30 days after notice

Incident/Accident – operator shall keep information from CVR/FDR for at least 60 days

Each AOC holder shall submit a financial report for the first 6 months of each fiscal year
and another financial report for each complete fiscal year.

Required Cabin Crews:

Capacity of 20-50: 1
51-99: 2
100+: 2 plus one additional for each unit of 50 seats above 100

Dangerous Good Incident/Accident – report within 72 hours

PCAR Part 10
Air Operator Certificate shall be valid until expiry date of foreign AOC or 24 months from
the date of issuance, whichever comes first; operator suspends operations for more than 60 days.

30 days – before the end of validity, operator shall apply for foreign AOC
60 days – foreign operator preserve original recorded data of the flight recorder
90 days – applicant shall apply before the date of commencement of intended foreign operation
- A foreign air operator who does not hold an Air Operator Certificate issued by the
Authority shall not operate an aircraft in the Philippines unless it holds an Operations
Specifications

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PCAR Part 11
Rotorcraft load combinations
- Class A – external load fixed, cannot be jettisoned, does not extend below landing gear
- Class B – external load suspended, can be jettisoned, transported free of land or water
- Class C – external load suspended, can be jettisoned, remains in contact with land or
water
- Class D – external load suspended for carriage of persons
10 days – deviation reported to the Authority
15 days – application filing before the amendment become effective
30 days – application for renewal of a certificate of authorization before end of validity
30 days – the holder may petition the Authority to reconsider the refusal
90 days – applicant shall make application for initial issue of certificate before date of intended
operation
1 year – certificate of authorization valid (or 3 years, as of 2014 amendment)

Required Flight Experience of PIC

Operation Flight Hours Aircraft Category Make and Model
Congested Areas 100 hours 25 hours incl. 10
hours in 12 monts
Glider Towing 100 hours
Banner Towing 200 hours
TV and Movie Operations 500 hours 100 hours 5 hours
Sight-Seeing Flights 500 hours 100 hours
Fish Spotting 500 hours 100 hours
News Media and Traffic Reporting 500 hours 100 hours

Non-Type Certificated Aircraft shall not be flown:

- height in excess of 800 ft. AGL
- within 5 nautical miles (8 km) from an airport with tower, unless two-way communication

Remotely Piloted Aircraft System shall not be flown:

- 400 ft. AGL
- 10 km radius from Aerodrome Reference Point (ARP)

PCAR Part 13
Foreign operator file a report – Accident / incident – within 10 days
- Overdue aircraft missing – within 7 days
Notify ICAO accident – aircraft has certificated MTOW of 2,250 kg
Incident – 5,700 kg
- If accident data report not sent within 30 days, a preliminary report shall be sent.
- If possible, Final Report publicly available within 12 months
Guilty of Offence
- 50,000 to 200,000 or imprisonment of no more than 3 years

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PCAR Part 18
Retention:
Dangerous good documents / checklist – 6 months
Personal Information about dangerous goods – 12 months

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