REPUBLIKA NG PILIPINAS

Republic of the Philippines

PAMANTASANG NORMAL NG PILIPINAS VISAYAS
Philippine Normal University Visayas
ANG PAMBANSANG SENTRO SA EDUKASYONG PANGGURO
The National Center for Teacher Education
LUNGSOD NG CADIZ
City of Cadiz

ACTIVITY SHEET FOR LESSON VA

(Sustainable Development)

Name ___Heart N. Torres_____ Year & Section __OV1-3________ Score ____________

Answer the following questions comprehensively:

1. Differentiate stability from sustainability.

Sustainability is the utilization of resources without compromising the

other, of the future generation. It is a broader normative term.
Sustainability can hardly be used as solely ecological feature without
considering human perception and impact. While Stability is a way to
characterize a system behavior and is quite well bounded to certain
method in dynamic system analysis.

2. How is sustainability achieved?

To achieve true sustainability we need balance economic, social and

environmental sustainability factors in equal harmony.

3. What exactly is to be sustained in sustainable development?

Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the

present, without compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs.

4. Do you agree with the models of global sustainable development? Make a critique.

I agree and I agree more with the Three-Nested-Dependencies Model.

The 3 Nested Dependencies Model reminds us that there is no planet
B: Without the environment, the society and the economy cannot
exist. Natural resources are essential inputs for production in many
sectors. We all share the same planet, and while nature can exist
without us, we cannot exist without nature. As wealthy, developed, and
technologically advanced as we may be, ultimately, nature is the
bedrock of our human existence and the key to human resilience,
health, stability, and wellbeing. Poor environmental quality in turn
affects economic growth and wellbeing by lowering the quantity and
 quality of resources. Environmental protection itself contributes to
economic growth. Clean air and water, healthy food and preserved
nature all benefit human health and result in far more economic
benefit.

5. Readings (Plociennik’s “Sustainable Economic Systems”)

a. According to the writer, what is an efficient economic system?

Economic efficiency is when all goods and factors of production

in an economy are distributed or allocated to their most valuable
uses and waste is eliminated or minimized.

b. How did Germany recover its economy after the Post World War II?

In 1947, the Marshall Plan, initially known as the “European

Recovery Program” was initiated. In the years 1947-1952, some
$13 billion of economic and technical assistance—equivalent to
around $140 billion in 2017—were allocated to Western Europe.
Germany’s economy continued to improve until the 1973 oil
crisis.

c. Compare and contrast the economic systems of Germany and Japan.

Germany Similarities Japan

Germany has a Both are The economy of

mixed economic manufacturers of Japan is a highly
system which exports which are in developed free-
includes a variety of demand across the market economy.
private freedom, world, they have
combined with excellent
centralized engineering skills
economic planning and leadership in
and government manufacturing and
regulation. craftsmanship.

Germany is the top It is the third-

economic power in largest in the world
Europe and the Germany and Japan by nominal GDP
fourth globally. are mixed economy and the fourth-
since the largest by
government controls purchasing power
some of its parity and is the
production in the world’s second
market. largest developed
economy.

To all intents and Japan is the only

purposes Germany example of
has long since collective
ceased to be a capitalism in
capitalist country. practical form. It
“The capitalist stems from Japan’s
 system has been economic and
replaced by the social restructuring
National Socialist following World War
system which is One. Workers,
borne along by an particularly those
entirely different who work for large
spirit and obeys businesses, become
entirely different involved in their
intrinsic laws from firms in ways unlike
those which control other capitalist
the capitalist systems.
economy.

In the application of In the application of

quality management quality
systems, Japan’s management
section or quality systems, in
circle is responsible Germany it is only
for a good result. one person who has
to guide the group
and who is
responsible.

6. Reflections on VA:
a. Things I have learned (knowledge):

I learned about the concept of sustainability and why it is

important especially today in the contemporary world where
economic and social activities affect environment and even
destruct it.

b. Things I have realized and appreciated (attitudes):

I realized environment should matter first. It means survival of

humanity in the next generation. Even now, imbalance in the
nature and environment use can be felt already—the pollution,
over heat, and climate change. I believe without the environment
society and economy will no longer exist.

c. Things I have discovered (skills):

I discovered that sustainability was actually first used in 1972 in

the context of man’s future. Then maybe that year was just the
only start of serious environmental problems.

Project-based: Documentary Film Review (“The Price of Sugar” by Bill Haney in You Tube).
Answer the discussion questions below.

1. Describe briefly the circumstances of the people working on the Bataeys (sugar
plantation).
 People working in the sugar plantation are laborers who are
enslaved with poverty. Under armed guard on plantations
harvesting sugarcanes, most of which end up in US kitchens.
Cutting cane by machete they work 14 hour days and 7 days a
week, frequently without access to decent housing, electricity, clean
water, education or adequate nutrition.

2. Did you find the information offered up in the film to be shocking, or were you aware
of the role sugar plays in contemporary life? Discuss.

I was literally having goosebumps. It was very awful and it made me

angry. I know what the role of sugar is but I was stunned on how
unaffordable it is knowing where the products originate and what
the human cost they are produced.

3. What similarities and differences do you notice between the sugar industry in the
Dominican Republic as presented in the film and the sugar industry in our country,
particularly here in the province of Negros Occidental?

Sugarcane is the principal agricultural product of the Dominican

Republic as well as in Negros Occidental, Philippines. However,
Dominican Republic used forced labor method in gaining profit and
expanding their production while in Negros, land owners have
practiced freedom and seek labor force based on human rights and
responsibilities.
 REPUBLIKA NG PILIPINAS
Republic of the Philippines
PAMANTASANG NORMAL NG PILIPINAS VISAYAS
Philippine Normal University Visayas
ANG PAMBANSANG SENTRO SA EDUKASYONG PANGGURO
The National Center for Teacher Education
LUNGSOD NG CADIZ
City of Cadiz

ACTIVITY SHEET FOR LESSON VB

(Environmental Crisis)

Name _____Heart N. Torres______ Year & Section __OV1-3_______ Score __________

Answer the following questions comprehensively:

1. How do poor countries balance their need for development with the necessity to protect
the environment?

In South Africa, communities engage in environmental activism to

pressure industries to reduce emissions and to lobby parliament for the
passage of pro-environment laws. Across the Atlantic, in El Salvador,
local officials and grassroots organizations from 1,000 communities
push for crop diversification, a reduction of industrial sugar cane
production, the protection of endangered sea species from the
devastating effects of commercial fishing, the preservation of lowlands
being eroded by deforestation up in rivers and inconsistent release of
water from a nearby dam.

2. What are the major environmental problems you are exposed to? How are these
problems global?

The major environmental problems are pollution, global warming,

ozone layer depletion, acid rain, natural resource depletion,
overpopulation, waste disposal, deforestation and loss of biodiversity.
These problems are global because it doesn’t just affect many people
but the whole planet and the people living on it. It affects the global
community and environment and solutions generally require
cooperation among nations.

3. Anything dealing with climate change is bound to provoke an argument. There are
different viewpoints about climate change, in varying degrees, from the so-called
scientific/secular to religious. Take your stand (by placing a check on your choice) and
defend. You may research in the Internet any information that will strongly support your
stand.

( ) There is no such thing as climate change.

 ( ) Climate change is a natural phenomenon.

 Climate change is anthropogenic or caused by humans.

I believe that humans are increasingly influencing the climate

and the earth’s temperature by burning fossil fuels, cutting down
forests and farming livestock. This adds enormous amounts of
greenhouse gases to those naturally occurring in the
atmosphere, increasing the greenhouse effect and the global
warming.

And Climate Change is real, it exist because of human activities.

It is not just nothing, if it is then why it is happening. It’s not just
a natural phenomenon because initially the earth have balance
temperature before industrialism and information age came
about. Greenhouse gases began warming the world’s oceans in
the early 1800’s. And Industrial revolution began in 1760,
reasonable that it was behind of the climate change in the year
1800.

4. Reflections on VB:
a. Things I have learned (knowledge):

I learned different leading environmental problems that cause

the world to suffer unnatural phenomenon. And it widen my
views on global environmental problems, how and why it
evolved.

b. Things I have realized and appreciated (attitudes):

I realized how big environmental crises we face today. Knowing

this environmental crisis may will be the fundamental source to
act now and support sustainable development goals.

c. Things I have discovered (skills):

It is now essential to ask, economy or environment? Of course
the two, right. Generating money is also important. Balance,
sustainability, and the principle of moderation is the key.

Project-based:

Go around your neighborhood and list the different kinds of pollutants that you see.
Widen your observation by looking at the areas surrounding your neighborhood.

Make a list of these pollutants and check which ones can be recycled and which ones
need to be put together for the garbage men to collect. With the recycled ones, list the possible
things that you can do to make them usable and explain this in a report. Do not simply limit
yourself to what you can do with the recyclables. Your report must include suggestions to the
neighborhood, the barangay and the city/town district.
Different Types of To Be Recycled To Be Collected Suggestions to the
Pollutant in my Neighborhood,
Neighborhood Brgy., and to the
City

Diapers, candy The barangay and

wrappers, plastics,  city officials have
garbage, food already
waste, light bulbs. implemented
ordinances and
Newspaper, Newspapers can be orders regarding
magazines, and used to clean the environmental
mixed paper windows, it concerns in the
actually works community. I think
better than cloth. one thing I can
Papers are recycled advise is to
and is processed encourage more
into more the local to be
paperboards, paper steadfast in
towel rolls, or into protecting the
paper bags. environment. I also
think that
Glass bottles and Jars can be flower reinforcement can
Jars, plastic laundry pots. Glass bottles help in shaping
detergent bottles can be homemade those behavior in
holiday the community and
decorations, or can to make it become
be upcycled lamp. a culture. It can be
Bottles can be in any way, like
beautiful crafts. giving recognition
to certain
Tires Tires can be made individuals or
for comfy dog beds group of people or
for pet lovers. It organizations who
can be a DIY tire integrate
table. It can be sustainability with
used for gardening. their business or
Textile can be cut other actions
into strips and supporting the
used to puff sustainability
pillows, provide goals.
soundproof
insulation or used
as a cleaning rag.

Textiles Textile can be cut

into strips and
used to puff
pillows, provide
soundproof
insulation or used
 as a cleaning rag.

REPUBLIKA NG PILIPINAS
Republic of the Philippines
PAMANTASANG NORMAL NG PILIPINAS VISAYAS
Philippine Normal University Visayas
ANG PAMBANSANG SENTRO SA EDUKASYONG PANGGURO
The National Center for Teacher Education
LUNGSOD NG CADIZ
City of Cadiz

ACTIVITY SHEET FOR LESSON VC

(Global Food Security)

Name ____Heart N. Torres_________ Year & Section __OV1-3_____ Score ____________

Answer the following questions comprehensively:

1. Is global food security achievable?

It can be achievable if the sufficient quantities of food are consistently

available to all individuals in the country. But it is a difficult problem
when considered long term.

2. Why should agriculture be sustained? In what ways can it be sustained especially in this
time of pandemic by citing examples?

Agriculture often places significant pressure on natural resources and

the environment. So, sustainable agricultural practices are intended to
protect the environment, expand the earth’s natural resource base,
and maintain and improve soil fertility. If not sustained, agriculture will
fail to meet the needs of the society now and in the future.
In this time of pandemic, agriculture can be sustained by involving crop
rotation in planting. Crop rotation and cover crops prevent soil erosion
=, by protecting topsoil from wind and water. Effective crop rotation
can reduce pest pressure on crops and replenish soil nutrients. This
reduces the need for fertilizers and pesticides.

3. Readings (Bhunnoo’s “Feeding the World: A Global Challenge”)

a. According to the writer, what is driving global food insecurity?
 The population. The population is increasing, meaning more
mouths to feed.

b. What potential mechanisms can global policymakers implement to address the

imminent food crisis?
A range of policies can improve the opportunities of poor
households, both within and outside agriculture. Improvements
in education and primary healthcare can strengthen income
growth. Equally important is the overall investment climate,
which depends on fundamental factors such as peace and
stability, sound macroeconomic management, good governance
and developed institutions, clear property rights, and adequate
physical infrastructure. These policies are good for farmers—but
they do not deter them from seeking out other non-farm
opportunities as they emerge.

4. Reflections on VC:
a. Things I have learned (knowledge):

I learned about the concept of global food security. It is a complex

challenging issue to resolve. I learned about Global Food Security Index and
is very essential to use in measuring a country’s affordability, availability,
and quality and safety criteria. Such can determine how sustainable or
secure a country is.

b. Things I have realized and appreciated (attitudes):

I realized how agriculture play a vital role in elevating food security while it is
criticized as a poor and minor course to take in college. I realized how
important farmers are while they are perceive as lowly peasants. I really
think there should be changes in perceiving them and institutions should
recognized the agricultural sector and boosts its popularity to encourage
youths to take agriculture as a vital and important course to take.

c. Things I have discovered (skills):

I learned how essential to defeat malnutrition. Death toll are really

devastating. Being able to be aware, to understand and empathize on this
matter will lead to greater good deeds. To support sustainable development
goals of zero-hunger, one must not waste food in the first place.

Project-based:

Write an open letter about overcoming challenges to food security in this time of
pandemic.

I am writing to call for a set of locally relevant actions to address the longer
terms of COVID19 on agriculture and food security.

The pandemic has disrupted the supply of local agricultural sector and the
commodities and necessities have increased its prices. And thus food is
scarce while people are not able to go out and make a living.
I agree with the strong statements of international entities, including IMF,
World Bank, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), International Fund for
Agricultural Development (IFAD). As collective actions to the sustainable
development goals (SDGs) I re affirm that these suggestions and want to
emphasize the urgency of the matter.

Readings for Lesson VC

Feeding the World: A Global Challenge

By Dr. Riaz Bhunnoo
Director of the Global Food Security Programme

The world is facing a crisis in global food security as the global population increases and
diets change with economic development. Riaz Bhunnoo, Director of the Global Food Security
programme, outlines the key challenges.

BOOMING: The world population is expected to reach 8.5 billion by 2030

The population is increasing, meaning more mouths to feed, and it is unlikely that this
will stabilise by the end of the century. Recent estimates suggest that the population will rise to
9.7 billion by 2050.1 At the same time, diets are changing as incomes grow through economic
development, which can have positive impacts in helping to lift people out of poverty and
improving nutritional outcomes. However, richer people tend to both eat more food 2 and more
meat and dairy (Figures 1 and 2), which are resource intensive to produce and can have a higher
environmental impact than other food types.3
 Figure 1

Figure 2

If diets continue as they are, it is estimated that we will need to produce more food in
the next 50 years than we have ever produced in human history,4 (Figure 3) with the Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UN FAO) projecting that 60 per cent more food
will be required by 2050.5

Figure 3

However, there are two major externalities not captured by the market that must be
acknowledged – the impact on health and the impact on the environment. In terms of health,
around one in three people globally suffer from some form of malnutrition – whether hunger,
micronutrient-deficiency, overweight or obesity. Recent data suggests that there are now more
people in the world who are overweight and obese than underweight, with the two combined
accounting for more than half of the world population – a new normal. 6 The trends in the data
suggest that is likely to continue over time.

In terms of the environment, resources for agriculture are becoming scarce. If diets
continue as they are, by 2050 we will need 120 per cent more water and 42 per cent more
cropland, we will have lost 14 per cent of forests, and be generating 77 per cent more
greenhouse gases. However, agriculture already uses 70 per cent of all fresh water and there is,
by good approximation, no new land for agriculture.7 In fact, land area for agriculture is more
likely to shrink due to urbanisation and rising sea levels, but also because we will need land for
negative emissions technologies such as bioenergy, carbon capture and storage to meet the
Paris Agreement target of a 1.5°C temperature rise. This agreement also requires net global
emissions to reach zero by 2040-2060.

This implies sustainable intensification of agriculture on existing land – producing as

much as we can in the most sustainable way. However, even if we are able to close yield gaps
we still need 56 per cent more water, 5 per cent more land, the loss of 8 per cent more forest
and 42 per cent more greenhouse gas emissions. Clearing rainforest or natural landscapes is not
desirable because it leads to biodiversity loss and more emissions. It is therefore clear that
sustainable intensification on its own will not be sufficient – demand-side measures on
consumption and waste will also be required.

The impact of climate change

Climate change will make it more difficult to meet the food security challenge. Increased
CO2 levels could increase the rate of photosynthesis and, in turn, yields; however, this has also
been associated with a reduction in the nutritional content of crops, including protein and
micronutrients such as iron and zinc. This will produce more calories but not necessarily more
nutritious foods, which will impact on health. In addition, climate change can alter the
distribution and severity of pests and diseases of crops and livestock, and it is estimated that
around a quarter of our food production is already lost in this way.

Climate change predictions based on averages can help predict what can be grown and
where in the world, and some countries will do better than others. However, these only provide
a partial view, and it is the extremes that make up the average temperature and rainfall, such as
heatwaves, cold snaps, floods and droughts, that will be challenging.

At the Global Food Security programme, our own analysis suggests that the risk of
extreme weather hitting several major food-producing regions of the world at the same time
could triple by 2040, so that a once in 100 years event could become a once in 30 years event.
Climatic shocks do not only lead to a substantive yield loss – the impacts are channelled
downstream via market and policy responses, such as export bans, for example, and lead to
food price spikes. There is some evidence linking food price volatility and social unrest, and
more research is needed on the link between climate change, food security and conflict.

Growing homogeneity of diets and food production

Our food system is predicated on a small number of commodity crops. Comparative

advantage, coupled with a range of policy levers to underpin production, drives the scales and
concentration of production so that some areas become ‘breadbaskets’ for the rest of the
world. Globalisation has significant benefits, both in terms of access to food that can be grown
more efficiently and cheaply elsewhere, food that may be seasonal but which we want year-
round, or food that cannot be grown in a particular country.

One consequence of this is that diets are becoming increasingly similar over time.
According to the FAO, just 15 crop plants out of 50,000 provide 90 per cent of the world’s
calorie intake, with rice, maize and wheat making up two-thirds of this. Large-scale agriculture
has undoubtedly improved efficiency and reduced the price of food, but its scale, uniformity
and lack of genetic diversity can reduce resilience to pests and diseases and extreme weather. It
can also reduce biodiversity through monocultures, and has implications for nutrition, adding to
the growing disparity between what we produce in the world and what we should be eating as
part of a healthy diet (Figure 4). This suggests that we should be diversifying both food
production and demand, with potential win-win-wins for health, sustainability and resilience.

Figure 4

Global agreements such as the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement
could be game changing in shaping future food systems. In terms of the latter, one analysis
suggests that the food system will likely account for the majority of the carbon budget and a 2°C
rise by 2050, if diets continue as they are.9 Given that the food system accounts for around 30
per cent of all greenhouse gas emissions, it should have a strong role in climate change
mitigation. Our work on ‘Paris-compliant healthy food systems’ will identify the hotspots for
reducing greenhouse gas emissions across the food system that could have simultaneous
benefits for nutrition.10
The food industry has a significant role to play in making our food healthier and more
sustainable. We are already seeing many companies changing their business models and
embracing the trends being set by Millennials, who account for around a quarter of our
population. Changing attitudes coupled with new technology will lead to a whole host of new
food products in future, many plant-based, and with health and sustainability at their core.
 REPUBLIKA NG PILIPINAS
Republic of the Philippines
PAMANTASANG NORMAL NG PILIPINAS VISAYAS
Philippine Normal University Visayas
ANG PAMBANSANG SENTRO SA EDUKASYONG PANGGURO
The National Center for Teacher Education
LUNGSOD NG CADIZ
City of Cadiz

ACTIVITY SHEET FOR LESSON VD

(Global Citizenship)

Name ____Heart N. Torres____________ Year & Section _OV1-3____ Score ____________

Answer the following questions comprehensively:

1. Is global food security achievable?

It can be achievable if the sufficient quantities of food are consistently

available to all individuals in the country. But it is a difficult problem
when considered long term.

2. Why should agriculture be sustained? In what ways can it be sustained especially in this
time of pandemic by citing examples?

Agriculture often places significant pressure on natural resources and

the environment. So, sustainable agricultural practices are intended to
protect the environment, expand the earth’s natural resource base,
and maintain and improve soil fertility. If not sustained, agriculture will
fail to meet the needs of the society now and in the future.
In this time of pandemic, agriculture can be sustained by involving crop
rotation in planting. Crop rotation and cover crops prevent soil erosion
=, by protecting topsoil from wind and water. Effective crop rotation
can reduce pest pressure on crops and replenish soil nutrients. This
reduces the need for fertilizers and pesticides.

3. Readings (Carter’s “Global Civil Society: Acting as Global Citizens”)

a. Differentiate a civil society from a global civil society.

Global civil society includes multiple forms of association such as

international networks, social movements, and campaigns. It refers to
the vast assemblage of groups operating across borders and beyond
the reach of governments. While civil society comprises organizations
that are not associated with government—including schools and
universities, advocacy groups, professional associations, churches, and
cultural institutions.
 b. What makes an individual a global citizen?
A global citizen is a person who places global citizenship above every
nationalistic or local idealities and relationships. A global citizen is
someone who is aware of and understands the wider world.

c. How can a student like you be a global citizen?

As a student, I can be a global citizen by building my own
understanding of world events. Take learning into the real world.

4. Reflections on VD:
a. Things I have learned (knowledge):

I learned what global citizenship is and got to know that it is not

about politics at all. Being a global citizen does not mean that I have to
give up my Filipino citizenship.

b. Things I have realized and appreciated (attitudes):

I realized that it is considerable to take step towards being a global

citizen. Sustainability and global citizenship involves reflecting on and
appreciating diverse worldviews and understanding and addressing social,
ecological, and economic issues that are crucial to living in a
contemporary, interdependent, and sustainable world.

c. Things I have discovered (skills):

I learned to anticipate also how to be globally competitive as a
teacher soon. It is crucial to develop in this world that is more
interconnected and interdependent.

Project-based:

Through an essay, a poem, a video, or a drawing, what does it mean to be a citizen of the
world?

Global citizenship is the idea that one’s identity

Transcends political borders or geography

And that rights and responsibility

Derived from membership of a broader class: Humanity.

A citizen who is aware globally

And understands his place in the community

Someone who self-identifies as member of human race

Who is prepared to act and tackle world’s challenges