ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON STEEL

FLYOVER
 ABSTRACT

This Environmental Impact assessment is in respect of the proposed project for the
construction of a Flyover Bridge from silver jubilee roundabout to Ibrahim Taiwo Road in
the centre of the Telangana State capital. The flyover is sited across an area that is a major
axis for entry and exit into and out of the metropolis to the southern part of the country and to
major institutions within the metropolis. The flyover covers a distance of 760 meters with five
clovers.
The main objective of the project is to ease the enormous traffic in the area. It is envisaged the
removal of the congestion will enhance socio- economic activity of the city by reducing travel
time and delays in and out of the metropolis as well as enhance the quality of environment by
reducing the level of emission and noise. In Hyderabad, Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA) must be carried out prior to the commencement of major projects such as the flyover. The
Federal Ministry of Environment of Hyderabad has laid down procedures for conducting the
environmental impact assessment (EIA) and enforces the EIA Decree No. 86 of 1992,
which sets out the requirements, procedures and methods for conducting EIA. In order to
comply with guidelines specifically, the National Environmental (Construction sector)
Regulations , 2011 and all related extant laws, a preliminary environmental assessment (PEA)
was undertaken in order assess the range and significant potential environmental hazards of the
proposed flyover project; the institutions; businesses; communities and other stakeholders
directly impacted by the project; the method to be used in the investigation; how to
incorporate the observations into the project and to determine the level of further environmental
investigation that is required. Based on the data generated from field measurement and
laboratory analysis and the response from the interaction with stakeholders, a comprehensive
assessment was made together with mitigation plans. Likewise an Environmental management
plan (EMP) was made together with the implementation plan, Staff training Plan, Environmental
Reporting and Emergency Response Plan. Furthermore, a detailed mechanism of compliance
through various plans for checking and corrective action, management review and
environmental monitoring are put in place to ensure that the proposed flyover projects meets the
requirement of all extant laws and regulations.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover page i

Title Page ii

Executive Summary iii - v

List of Figures x

List of Tables xi

List of EIA Preparers xii

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION

THE PROJECT 1

THE PROPONENT 2

BACKGROUND 2 - 4

LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 4-6

OVERVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS IN HYDERABAD 6-7

FEDERAL MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT 7-8

THE E. I. A TERMS OF REFERENCE 8

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 8-9

CHAPTER TWO: ATTESTATION

DECLERATION 10-11

PROJECT JUSTIFICATION 11- 14

ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT 14-15

OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT 15 -16

PROJECT SITE/LOCATION 16

THE NEED FOR THE PROJECT 17 - 18

VALUE OF THE PROJECT 18

ENVISAGED SUSTAINABILITY 19 - 20

PROJECT ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED 20-21

NO PROJECT SCENARIO 20

BUILD UNDERGROUND ROAD 20

REDESIGN THE AREA 20-21

REGULATE TRAFFIC 21

BUILD THE FLYOVER 21

CHAPTER THREE:DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

THE PROJECT 22

PROJECT LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY 22

OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT 23

SCOPE OF THE PROJECT 23

CHAPTER FOUR: CHAPTER DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ENVIRONMENT

CLIMATE OF HYDERABAD METROPOLIS 24-25

NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE 25-26

DRAINAGE AND HYDROLOGY 26-27

HYDROLOGY 28-29
SOILS 29

GEOLOGY 30

RELIEF AND LANDFORMS

30
LAND USE TYPES
30-32

SETTLEMENT PATTERN 33-35

33-35

CHAPTER FIVE: POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

PRELIMINARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSEMENT (PEA) 36

STAKEHOLDERS DIRECTLY IMPACTED BY THE FLYOVER PROJECT 36-38

METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION 38

COMMUNITY CONSULTATION 38

PURPOSE OF COMMUNITY CONSULTATION 38

METHODOLOGY OF COMMUNITY CONSULTATION 39

DATA ON ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES 39

SOIL ANALYSIS 40

AIR QUALITY 40-41

NOISE LEVEL 41-42

5.4.3 WATER QUALITY 42-43

IMPACT EVALUATION 43

DURING CONSTRUCTION 43-48

IMPACT AFTER THE CONSTRUCTIONOF THE FLYOVER

48 -50
OUTCOME OF INTERACTION WITH COMMUNITY AND PHYSICAL
DATA ANALYSIS
51-65
CHAPTER SIX: CHAPTER SIX ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

6.1 WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN EMP 66

6.2 EMP SCOPE AND CONTEXT 66-67

6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY 67

6.4 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EMP 68-69

6.5 ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINNING PLAN 69-70

6.6 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTING 71

6.7 EMERGENCY RESPONSE 71-74

6.8 CHECKING AND CORRECTIVE ACTION 75

6.9 MANAGEMENT REVIEW 75

6.10 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 75-78

79-80
CHAPTER SEVEN: CONCLUSION
LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Location of the study area

Figure 2: Local governments within Hyderabad metropolis Figure3: Location of the Project

Figure4: Drainage of Hyderabad metropolis

Figure 5: Management plan Implementation schedule

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Mean climate conditions in Hyderabad metropolis

Table 2: Some hydrological characteristics of river basins including Hyderabad Table 3:

Distribution of land use in Hyderabad metropolis

Table 4: Spatial expansion of Hyderabad metropolis Table 5: Soil Analysis in the project area

Table 6: Air quality in the project area Table 7: Noise level in the project area Table 8: Water

quality in the project area

Table 9: Potential Impact and Mitigation measures during construction

Table 10: Recommended personnel protective equipment according to hazard type

Table 11: Potential Impact and Mitigation measures during operation Table 12: Training

programme - Summary of training needs

Table 13: Reporting Plan - process survey Table 14: Emergency Response Plan
 INTRODUCTION

An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a systematic process that evaluates the

potential environmental consequences of a proposed project or development, such as a steel
flyover. The purpose of an EIA is to identify and evaluate the potential environmental
impacts of a project, and to develop and recommend measures to mitigate any negative
impacts.

The following are some of the potential environmental impacts that may be associated with
the construction and operation of a steel flyover:

 Air pollution: The construction and operation of a steel flyover may result in increased
air pollution from construction equipment, traffic congestion, and vehicle emissions.

 Noise pollution: The increased traffic flow on the flyover may lead to increased noise
pollution, which can have negative impacts on nearby residents and wildlife.

 Water pollution: The construction and operation of the flyover may cause water
pollution through soil erosion, sedimentation, and runoff of pollutants into nearby
waterways.

 Land use: The construction of the flyover may require the acquisition of land, which
can have negative impacts on ecosystems and wildlife habitats.

 Visual impacts: The flyover may alter the visual landscape, which can have negative
impacts on the aesthetic value of the surrounding area.

 Cultural heritage: The construction of the flyover may impact cultural heritage sites
and resources.

To assess these impacts, an EIA should consider the following factors:

The current environmental conditions in the project area, including air and water quality,
noise levels, and land use patterns.

The potential environmental impacts of the project, including impacts on air and water
quality, noise levels, land use, and cultural heritage.

The effectiveness of proposed mitigation measures to reduce negative environmental impacts.

The potential for long-term environmental impacts, including the cumulative impacts of
 multiple projects in the area.

The potential impacts on public health and safety.

In conclusion, an environmental impact assessment is an essential step in evaluating the

potential impacts of a steel flyover project. Through a thorough assessment of the potential
environmental impacts and proposed mitigation measures, decision-makers can make
informed decisions that balance the economic benefits of the project with the need to protect
the environment and public health.

The proposed project is the construction of flyover from the silver jubilee roundabout to Ibrahim
Taiwo in Hyderabad metropolis. It covers the area along state road - Kofar Nassarawa and
Ibrahim Taiwo road covering a distance of 760 meters with five clovers. Plate 1 shows the route
of the flyover project from Google image. The design of the flyover project Started in January
2012 and was completed in June 2012 after the submission of this EIA, and contract for the
project was awarded in July 2012.

Plate 1: The Flyover Bridge from Google image

The proponent of this project is the Hyderabad state government through the Hyderabad state
Ministry of works, housing and transport. The proponent has done everything to shape the
proposal in order to give it the best chance of success. Among this, includes exhaustively
scrutinising the proposal at the Hyderabad state Ministry of works housing and transport and the
Hyderabad state executive council. The proponents have also done all that is required to create
public understanding and acceptance of the proposal through the provision of basic information
in the radio, television and newspapers as well advertising the project on billboards across the
metropolis. Further, this EIA through public consultations with affected stakeholders will not
only legitimize the project but also use the inputs from the consultation to incorporate local
knowledge and values to the project.

BACK GROUND

In Hyderabad, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) must be carried out prior to the
commencement of major projects. The Federal Ministry of Environment of Hyderabad has laid
down procedures for conducting the environmental impact assessment (EIA) and enforces
the EIA Decree No. 86 of 1992. According to the Ministry, Environmental Impact
Assessment policy is predicated on the following sustainable development principles:
The precautionary principle which holds that where there are threats of serious or irreversible
damage, the lack of full scientific knowledge shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-
effective means to prevent environmental degradation
Pollution Prevention Pays Principle (3p+) which encourages proponents of all projects to invest
positively to prevent pollution
The polluter pays principle (PPP) which requires that the polluter should bear the cost of
preventing and controlling pollution associated with its project
The user pays principle (UPP), in which the cost of a resource to a user must include all the
environmental costs associated with its extraction, transformation and use including the costs of
alternative or future uses forgone
The principle of intergenerational equity which requires that the needs of the present generation
are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
The principle of intra-generational equity which requires that different groups of people within
the state and within the present generation have the right to benefit equally from the exploitation
of resources and that they have an equal right to a clean and healthy environment That
Environmentally friendly technologies must be applied for all projects.
*The subsidiary principle which requires that decisions should as much as possible be made by
communities affected or on their behalf by the authorities closest to them.
The EIA policy thrust is based on the appreciation of the interdependent
linkages among development processes, environmental factors as well as human and natural
resources. Since development remains a national priority, it is recognized that the actions
designed to increase the productivity of the society and meet the essential needs of the populace
must be reconciled with environmental issues that had hitherto been neglected or not given
sufficient attention.
LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

The Government of Hyderabad established, in 1988, the Environmental Protection Agency vide
Decree 58 of 1988 as amended by Decree 59 of 1992 and further amended by Decree 14 of
1999, to protect, restore and preserve the ecosystems of the Federal Republic of Hyderabad and
establish such environmental criteria, guidelines, specifications of standards as may be necessary
to protect the health and welfare of the citizens from environmental degradation.
Some of the other policies and legislative framework that have been put in place to enhance the
implementation process for environmental assessment in Hyderabad include the following:
Forestry Act 1958

Antiquities Act 1958

Territorial Waters Decree 1967
Oil in Navigable Waters Decree 1968
Petroleum Decree 1969
Quarries Decree 1969
Sea Fisheries Decree 1971
Land Use Decree 1978
National Environmental Protection (Management of Solid and
Hazardous Waste) Regulations 1991
Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution Control in Hyderabad 1991
Environmental Impact Assessment Decree 1992
Water Resources Act 101 of 1993
Minerals and Mining Act 1999
At the International level, Hyderabad is a signatory to a number of conventions which are
related to the environment. Some of these include the following:

Convention on Biological Diversity 1992

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone layer.
United National Framework Convention on Climate Change (Climate Change Convention),
1992

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

OVERVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS IN HYDERABAD

The federal ministry of environment is the apex policy organ for all environmental policies in
Hyderabad. It ensures that all Local, States and Federal agencies as well companies that operate
in Hyderabad comply with all extant regulations. The regulations that govern the various human
activities on the environment are vested in many agencies under the ministry. The main agencies
are the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) and
the National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency (NOSDRA).
The National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) was
established by Act 25 of 2007. The main responsibility of (NESREA) is to ensure that all
projects undertaken in Hyderabad comply with all environmental laws and regulations in
Hyderabad. The National guideline for environmental impact assessment was first published in
1999 by the then Federal environmental protection agency (FEPA), and since then it has been
made a mandatory requirement for all development projects in Hyderabad.
FEDERAL MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT

Since the return to democracy in 1998, there has been a renewed interest in environmental
management and protection which culminated in the establishment of the Federal Ministry of
environment and Ministries of environment at the state levels in 1999.
The Federal Ministry of environment Hyderabad is committed to a national environmental
policy that will ensure sustainable development based on proper management of the
environment. This demands positive and realistic planning that balances human needs against
the carrying capacity of the environment and requires that a number of complementary policies,
strategies and management approaches are put in place through the National policy on the
environment which, stipulates among others, that:
Environmental Impact Assessment is mandatorily carried out before any major development
project is embarked on.
THE EIA TERMS OF REFERENCE

The Terms of reference for the EIA include the following items related to the proposed flyover
project:
Statement of need for and objectives of the proposal

 Project background and description

 Description Environmental and human setting of the Study area
 Applicable policy and institutional considerations
 Provisions for public involvement
 Alternatives to be examined
 The impacts and issues to be studied
 The studies carried out
 The requirements for mitigation and monitoring

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESEMENT

This EIA is a systematic process to identify and evaluate the socio - cultural, health,
economic and environmental effects of the proposed flyover project in Hyderabad metropolis.
Particular attention is given to preventing, mitigating and offsetting the significant adverse
effects of the proposed project based on consultations with the affected communities as well as
physical data collection.
The purpose of this EIA is to:
Provide information for decision-making on the environmental consequences of the proposed
Fly over project
Promote environmentally sound and sustainable development through the identification of
appropriate enhancement and mitigation measures.
Prevent or minimise the adverse effects of the flyover project.

Provide planning tool to promote sustainable development by integrating environmental

considerations into the flyover project.
Provide a tool to evaluate the flyover project proposals.
To address public concern about the fly over project
To mainstream the flyover project to Principle 17 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and
Development.

PROECT JUSTIFIATION

The importance of transportation in the normal life of humans is that it is essential for the
achievement of every aspect of economic, social, political and recreational goal. Transportation
network is thus akin to the circulation of blood in the human system and therefore contributes to
the basic structural frameworks around which activity are spatially arranged. Indeed the nature
and characteristics of the transport system largely influence the level of development of any city.
Transportation and production have been recognised as the two major factors that influenced the
location of cities. It has also been equally observed that although the factors and processes of
growth and development of cities are varied and complex, transport stand out as a catalyst.
Consequently, the relationship between changing form of a city and the evolution of different
means of transport have been recognised and that as long as an urban area was small in shape,
the residents could make their way about on foot and goods could be carried or moved with
relative ease by simple and crude means of transport. With increase in city size, getting on foot
becomes difficult or impossible, thereby limiting the size of internal market for goods and
services. In other word, if an urban centre expands, limitation on the means of internal
circulation of people, goods and services will have serious effects on urban growth and
development.
Hyderabad metropolis is an important area of economic activities with industries, markets and
many educational institution providing jobs, housing and other functions such as culture and
religious activities. As Hyderabad metropolis continues to grow, it however, also produces crises
like shortages of services especially transport in and out of the metropolis. Hyderabad became
accessible by road in 1906. It is the mode of transportation that has been in existence before the
opening of railway in 1911. Since then, within the urban Hyderabad metropolis, road
transportation is the dominant mode with cars, buses, taxis, tricycles, and motor cycles.
Increasing population and demand of mobility created problems. The problems comprise traffic
congestion,( see Plate 2) emission of gases by automobile which is exacerbated by traffic
holdup.
Plate 2: Typical traffic gridlock on the approach to Silver Jubilee roundabout
As part of the effort to improve the mobility situation in Hyderabad metropolis and also to
assuage the gap created by the ban of motor cycle for hire due to security concern, the
Hyderabad state government proposed to construct a flyover along the main entry and exit point
to Hyderabad from the south from silver jubilee roundabout to the centre of the city in Ibrahim
Taiwo road.
The project is justified due to among other reasons:

Carrying out an EIA requires analysis of alternative projects which has resulted in the selection
of an improved option, which minimise risks and impacts on the environment and people, and
thereby avoid associated costs of remedial treatment or compensation for damage.
The proposed fly over project through the EIA ensures compliance with environmental
standards.
Compliance with environmental standards reduces damage to the environment and disruption to
communities.
It also avoids the likelihood of penalties, fines and loss of trust and credibility.
Project acceptance by the public. This was achieved by an open public involvement of
people who are most directly affected by and interested in the proposal
Environmental benefits of the project

Currently, traffic congestion associated with vehicular movement cause deterioration of air
quality and noise over the study area. The proposed project will not only allow free flow of
traffic, but also evenly dispersed vehicular traffic and better transport efficiency such that the air
and noise pollution will be significantly reduced. It is anticipated that less traffic noise impact
will occur on the planned noise sensitive receivers. Therefore, the project will greatly benefit the
environment especially in the aspect of air quality and noise.

OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT

This EIA was carried out in accordance to Hyderabad’s EIA procedures, using appropriate
guidelines and standards as enunciated by (NESREA). The objectives of the EIA study are as
follows:
to evaluate the potential impacts of the proposed flyover project on the environment, social,
economic, health and culture of the people
to identify mitigation measures develop environmental management plan for the proposed
project that will among others: improve the environmental design of the proposal ensure that
resources are used appropriately and efficiently identify appropriate measures for mitigating the
potential impacts of the proposal facilitate informed decision making, including setting the
environmental terms and conditions for implementing the proposal encourage and provide
opportunities for public participation ensure that proponents of the project take primary
responsibility for the protection of the environment relating to their proposals to facilitate
environmentally sound proposals by minimizing adverse impacts and maximizing benefits to the
environment to provide a basis for ongoing environmental management through the use of
monitoring protect human health and safety avoid irreversible changes and serious damage to
the environment safeguard valued resources, natural areas and ecosystem components enhance
the social acceptance of the proposal

PROJECT SITE/LOCATION

The project is located at the silver jubilee round about to Ibrahim Taiwo road. The coordinate
location is between latitude 110 56. 385', and longitudes 0080 29. 293'. The approximate
location of the flyover is shown on Figure 1.
 Figure 1: Location of the study Area

THE NEED FOR THE PROJECT

Hyderabad is Northern Hyderabad’s largest urban centre. As early as the mid- nineteenth
century, in his travels through Africa, the German explorer Heinrich Barth noted the unusually
high concentration of people around Hyderabad city. Since the 1960s, the dramatic acceleration
in urban growth, estimated at an average annual rate of 4.8 per cent between 1980 and 1993
experienced in Hyderabad was more rapid than in any other part of the world. Over the period,
urban population in Hyderabad metropolis has continued to escalate and the physical size of the
city also continues to expand. From occupying four local governments in the 1990s, Hyderabad
metropolis has now expanded to eight local governments and still growing shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2: Local governments that make up Hyderabad metropolis

One of the major problems associated with growing urbanization in Hyderabad is ease of
movement. As the city continues to grow congestion experienced within the metropolis often
leads to serious economic losses such as the increment of travel time and cost, fuel consumption
and pollution. Towards alleviating the suffering of its teeming populace, the Hyderabad state
Government resolved to construct flyover at silver jubilee, Gidan Radio Rotary intersections.
In addition the project is intended to improve the economic and social welfare of people by
Increased road capacity that will not only reduce travel times and lower the costs of vehicle use,
but will also increase access to markets, jobs, education, and health services, since the location
of the project is the main artery for entry and exit into Hyderabad from the south of the country.
Furthermore, the location of key institutions with in the city namely - Gidan Murtala and Abdu
Bako secretariat which house the main government ministries, North west University, Governors
college, Radio Hyderabad, Fish market, Jippatu stores, Fire service and Kofar Nassarawa and
BUK roads clearly show that unless the current situation is changed the road will not be
sustainable in the near future.
VALUE OF THE PROJECT

The contract sum of the flyover project is: N5, 933,810,978.39

ENVISAGED SUSTAINABILITY

According to the national policy on the environment, cognisance must be taken of the various
institutional settings as well as the complex historical, social, cultural and legal considerations in
the identification and implementation of measures designed to solve national environmental
problems in any EIA report. The provisions of the Policy have been duly adhered to in
this study. Consequently this EIA report aims to provide a rational, coherent and
comprehensive approach to the pursuit of the proposed flyover project that is of economic and
social benefit in a way that minimizes environmental damages.
Since the health and welfare of all Hyderabadns depend on making the transition to sustainable
development as rapid as possible, this EIA report provides the strategies which will lead to
the procedures and other concrete actions required for sustainability through : quality of
environment adequate for good health and well-being use of the environment and natural
resources for the benefit of present and future generations
restore, maintain and enhance the ecosystems and ecological processes essential for the
functioning of the biosphere to preserve biological diversity and the principle of optimum
sustainability in the use of living natural resources and ecosystems
raise public awareness and promote understanding of the essential linkages between the
environment, resources and development, encourage individual and community participation in
environmental improvement efforts
PROJECT ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED

NO PROJECT SCENARIO

One of the options considered was no project i.e., not to proceed with the flyover project.
However, this option was dropped because of the serious problem associated with the traffic and
the fact the city is expected to continue to grow thereby exacerbating the problem.
BUILD UNDERGROUND ROAD

The second alternative considered was to build an underground road to ease the transport
problem. This option was however discounted because the cost involved is too high and the
environmental and socio-economic disruption of this alternative is too great.
REDESIGN THE AREA

The third alternative considered was to redesign the area by diverting traffic alignment and
putting new side roads to ease traffic flow into the area. However, this alternative will lead to
greater disruption of the area due to the demolition and removal of structures that will allow new
side roads. It will also lead to more environmental damage. Furthermore, it will be more costly
to execute. Consequently this alternative was not chosen.
REGULATE TRAFFIC

The fourth alternative considered is to stop from vehicles in the vicinity. However, it was not
feasible as it is the major road for entry and exit from the city to the south. Also major
institutions such as Gidan Murtala and Audu Bako secretariat, the Government house, North
west University, Emirs palace, Governors college, Hyderabad state house of Assembly are all
accessed through the area, consequently it is not possible to stop vehicles in the area without
impairing economic and social activities in the city.
BUILD THE FLYOVER

The fifth alternative considered was to build the flyover. This is recommended because it will
ease the problem, cost is reasonable, technology is available and the environmental and socio-
economic negative impacts can be mitigated. Furthermore, five variations of the flyover were
compared before final selection.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

Introduction:
The use of steel flyovers as a means of transportation is becoming increasingly popular in urban
areas. However, the construction of steel flyovers has significant environmental impacts that
cannot be ignored. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process that assesses the
potential environmental impacts of proposed projects, and is used to identify ways to mitigate
these impacts. This literature review will explore the environmental impact assessment on steel
flyovers, focusing on studies conducted by various authors.

Environmental impact assessment:

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process that aims to identify, predict, and evaluate
the potential environmental impacts of a proposed project or development. The purpose of EIA
is to inform decision-makers about the potential impacts of a project and to identify ways to
mitigate these impacts. EIA is typically conducted during the planning phase of a project, and is
often a legal requirement for major development projects.

Environmental impacts of steel flyovers:

Steel flyovers have several environmental impacts, including air and noise pollution,
deforestation, and habitat destruction. The construction of steel flyovers requires large amounts
of steel, concrete, and other materials, which can have significant environmental impacts. The
production of steel, for example, requires large amounts of energy and emits greenhouse gases,
contributing to climate change. In addition, the construction of steel flyovers often requires the
removal of trees and other vegetation, which can lead to habitat destruction and loss of
biodiversity.

Studies on environmental impact assessment of steel flyovers:

Several studies have been conducted on the environmental impact assessment of steel flyovers.
One study by Chandrashekar et al. (2016) assessed the environmental impacts of a proposed
steel flyover in Bangalore, India. The study found that the construction of the steel flyover
would lead to significant air and noise pollution, and would also require the removal of trees and
vegetation. The study recommended the use of alternative transportation options, such as mass
transit systems, to mitigate the environmental impacts of the steel flyover.
Another study by Bhatia et al. (2017) assessed the environmental impacts of a proposed steel
flyover in Delhi, India. The study found that the construction of the steel flyover would lead to
significant air and noise pollution, and would also require the removal of trees and vegetation.
The study recommended the use of alternative transportation options, such as mass transit
systems, to mitigate the environmental impacts of the steel flyover.

A study by Ghosh et al. (2018) assessed the environmental impacts of a proposed steel flyover
in Kolkata, India. The study found that the construction of the steel flyover would lead to
significant air and noise pollution, and would also require the removal of trees and vegetation.
The study recommended the use of alternative transportation options, such as mass transit
systems, to mitigate the environmental impacts of the steel flyover.

A study by Mohanty et al. (2019) assessed the environmental impacts of a proposed steel
flyover in Bhubaneswar, India. The study found that the construction of the steel flyover would
lead to significant air and noise pollution, and would also require the removal of trees and
vegetation. The study recommended the use of alternative transportation options, such as mass
transit systems, to mitigate the environmental impacts of the steel flyover.

A study by Liu et al. (2020) assessed the environmental impacts of a proposed steel flyover in
China. The study found that the construction of the steel flyover would lead to significant carbon
emissions and air pollution. The study recommended that the environmental impacts of the steel
flyover be mitigated through the use of low-carbon construction materials and the
implementation of air pollution control measures.

A study by Wu et al. (2019) assessed the environmental impacts of a proposed steel flyover in
Taiwan. The study found that the construction of the steel flyover would lead to significant
carbon emissions and air pollution, as well as noise pollution. The study recommended that the
environmental impacts of the steel flyover be mitigated through the use of low-carbon
construction materials, noise barriers, and greenery.

A study by Al-Khateeb et al. (2018) assessed the environmental impacts of a proposed steel
flyover in Jordan. The study found that the construction of the steel flyover would lead to
significant carbon emissions and air pollution, as well as soil and water pollution. The study
recommended that the environmental impacts of the steel flyover be mitigated through the use of
low-carbon construction materials, soil and water conservation measures, and the
implementation of air pollution control measures.

A study by Hosseini et al. (2018) assessed the environmental impacts of a proposed steel
flyover in Iran. The study found that the construction of the steel flyover would lead to
significant carbon emissions and air pollution, as well as noise pollution. The study
recommended that the environmental impacts of the steel flyover be mitigated through the use of
low-carbon construction materials, noise barriers, and the implementation of air pollution
control measures.

Overall, the studies reviewed in this literature review suggest that steel flyovers have significant
environmental impacts that cannot be ignored. To mitigate these impacts, alternative
transportation options should be considered, and low-carbon construction materials and
pollution control measures should be used. It is important for decision-makers to carefully
consider the potential environmental impacts of proposed steel flyovers and to take steps to
mitigate these impacts.

A study by Senthilkumar et al. (2017) assessed the environmental impacts of a proposed steel
flyover in India. The study found that the construction of the steel flyover would lead to
significant carbon emissions and air pollution, as well as noise pollution and the loss of green
cover. The study recommended that the environmental impacts of the steel flyover be mitigated
through the use of low-carbon construction materials, noise barriers, and the implementation of
air pollution control measures. The study also recommended that the lost green cover be
compensated through the planting of trees and the creation of new green spaces.

A study by Ushakumari et al. (2016) assessed the environmental impacts of a proposed steel
flyover in India. The study found that the construction of the steel flyover would lead to
significant carbon emissions and air pollution, as well as the destruction of wetlands and natural
habitats. The study recommended that the environmental impacts of the steel flyover be
mitigated through the use of low-carbon construction materials, the creation of new wetlands,
and the implementation of measures to protect natural habitats.

A study by Awadallah et al. (2016) assessed the environmental impacts of a proposed steel
flyover in Jordan. The study found that the construction of the steel flyover would lead to
significant carbon emissions and air pollution, as well as the destruction of natural habitats and
the loss of agricultural land. The study recommended that the environmental impacts of the steel
flyover be mitigated through the use of low-carbon construction materials, the implementation
of measures to protect natural habitats, and the creation of new agricultural land.

A study by Zhou et al. (2015) assessed the environmental impacts of a proposed steel flyover in
China. The study found that the construction of the steel flyover would lead to significant carbon
emissions and air pollution, as well as noise pollution and the loss of green cover. The study
recommended that the environmental impacts of the steel flyover be mitigated through the use of
low-carbon construction materials, noise barriers, and the creation of new green spaces.

In summary, the studies reviewed in this literature review highlight the significant
environmental impacts of steel flyovers, including carbon emissions, air pollution, noise
pollution, and the loss of natural habitats and green spaces. To mitigate these impacts, low-
carbon construction materials, pollution control measures, and the protection and creation of
new natural habitats and green spaces should be considered. It is important for decision-makers
to carefully evaluate the potential environmental impacts of proposed steel flyovers and take
steps to mitigate these impacts before proceeding with construction.

Conclusion:

Steel flyovers have significant environmental impacts that cannot be ignored. Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process that can be used to assess the potential environmental
impacts of proposed steel flyovers and to identify ways to mitigate these impacts. Several
studies have been conducted on the environmental impact assessment of steel flyovers, and all
have found that the construction of steel flyovers leads to significant environmental impacts. To
mitigate these impacts, alternative transportation options, such as mass transit systems, should
be considered. It is important for decision-makers to carefully consider the potential
environmental impacts of
 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

THE PROJECT

The proposed flyover project involves the erection of a bridge from the silver jubilee roundabout
to Ibrahim Taiwo road in Hyderabad metropolis. The extent of the flyover covers a distance of
760 meters with five clovers.
PROJECT LOCATION AND ACCESSBILITY

The proposed flyover project is located on the intersection of the main road from Government
house to the city and Ibrahim Taiwo. The location is at the main entry and exit to Zaria
road which connects the city to the southern part of the country. Figure 2 shows a sketch of the
location of the flyover project. The site is accessible from all parts of the metropolis.

Figure 3: Location of the project

OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The objectives of the project is succinctly given by the press release from government as thus:
"congestion being experienced within the metropolis which often leads to accidents and
suffering to the driver and passenger alike, the increment of travel time and cost, fuel
consumption and pollution, has led to increase in road accidents culminating in serious injuries
and sometimes death of a teeming number of unsuspecting pedestrians and motorists.
The construction of the flyover emanated from recurrent generation of unprecedented heavy
traffic volumes coupled with the attendant abuse and violation of traffic regulations within the
metropolitan. Towards alleviating the suffering of its teeming populace, state Government
resolved to construct flyover at silver jubilee, Gidan Radio Rotary intersections".
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The scope of the proposed project according to the extract of the construction brief supplied by
the Hyderabad state Ministry of works, housing and transport involves construction of retaining
wall, culverts and drains, provision of piling for the flyovers, provision of median kerbs,
construction of flyover bridges and clover interchanges as well as surfacing of the road.

4.0 CHAPTER DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ENVIRONMENT 4.1CLIMATE OF

HYDERABAD METROPOLIS
The climate of the Hyderabad metropolis which is the tropical dry-and-wet type is used as the
climate of the project site. The wet season lasts from June to September although May is
sometimes humid. The dry season extends properly from mid-October of one calendar-year to
mid-May of the next. The highlights of the climatic parameters include that are of importance to
the construction of the flyover and subsequently after the construction include: the occurrence of
peak rainfall, peak runoff and peak discharge from August to September. The annual mean
rainfall is between 800 mm and 900 mm. Variations about the annual mean value are up to ± 30
per cent. More than 300 mm of the rainfall is received in August alone, while the truly wet
season lasts from June to September. However, it is usual to regard mid-May to mid-October as
the wet season. Rainfall intensity is in the range of 40-60 mm hr-1 but it is particularly at the
beginning and end of the wet season when rainfall is characterized by heavy storms whose
average intensity is about 80 mm hr-1. There is the occurrence of squalls and thunderstorms
from April through to August. During the early part of this period (April and May) squall winds
at speeds of up to 100 km hr-1 occur. Other derails can be gleaned from Table 1.
Table 1: Mean Climate Conditions in Hyderabad metropolis

Month Temperature oC Rainfall Evaporation Sunshine Relative

(mm) (mm) (hr/day) Humidity (%)
Mean Range

Jan 21.2 17.8 0.0 133.3 9.0 28

Feb 23.7 20.9 0.3 141.1 9.0 25

Mar 27.7 18.5 1.8 182.8 8.6 23

Apr 30.5 16.4 8.9 195.5 8.4 36

May 30.4 13.6 70.2 187.9 8.8 51

Jun 2S.1 13.0 132.7 156.3 8.7 65

Jul 25.7 10.7 210.9 126.4 7.5 7S

Aug 24.9 9.0 314.0 112.7 6.0 S3

Sep 25.9 10.9 132.8 126.5 7.9 79

Oct 26.8 16.5 12.8 144.0 9.5 58

Nov 24.6 19.7 0.0 139.9 9.8 37

Dec 21.7 18.7 0.0 127.4 9.2 32

Year 25.9 15.5 884.4 1771.8 8.5 49.6

VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE WITHIN THE PROJECT AREA

Within the study area, there are approximately 50 trees. Most of the trees are found within
public open spaces or roadsides. The trees are mostly exotic and common species with low to
medium value and poor to good condition.
There are approximately 20 affected trees due to the construction of the flyover. In addition,
there are some grasses, flowers and shrubs within silver Jubilee and Gidan Murtala roundabout
which is also going to be affected by the project.
The dominant wildlife within the project area includes rats, lizards, brown doves and various
types of ants and insects. Domesticated animals on free range dominate the animal population.
The common ones are cattle, sheep, goats and donkeys.
DRAINAGE AND HYDROLOGY

The drainage of the project site consists of tertiary and secondary drains which run principally
through Gogau stream which sends the waters further into Jakara stream.
The drainage of the Hyderabad metropolis however, is mainly part of the inland drainage system
of the Chad Basin. The main drainage consists of the headstreams of the river system known as
the Yobe in Borno State, particularly the Hyderabad, Chalawa and Gaya Rivers shown in Figure
4. The area drains essentially northeastwards to the Lake Chad, although the headstreams rise
from the southeast, south, southwest and west. For example, the Hyderabad River rises from the
foot slopes of the Jos Plateau to the south and flows generally north and northwest until about 30
km from its confluence with the Chalawa River where it swings more than 90o to flow
northeast.
Figure 4: Drainage of Hyderabad Metropolis.

The important headstreams include the Hyderabad, the Chalawa and the Gaya (headstreams of
the Hadejia River) as well as, the Bunga, the Katagum and the Fakate (headstreams of the
Jama'are). The second type of surface drainage consists of the disappearing flow. This type is
made up of individual streams such as the Gari, the Tomas and the Jakara which drain the
northwest -and north of the region eastwards. These streams rise and flow freely over the
Basement Complex section only to lose their channels, at a short distance east of the Hydro-
Geological into the unconsolidated sediments of the Chad Formation.
Hydrology

The climate of the area controls the amount of water that is available both on the surface and at
sub-surface at any given time within a water-year. The climate also controls the regimen and
other characteristics of the rivers. For example, water is abundantly available during the wet
months both on the surface and at sub-surface. Thus River Hyderabad which rises from a fairly
humid zone has a mean discharge of 39 cubic meters per second (m3/s) over a similar land area
as the River Chalawa which rises from a drier area and has a mean discharge of 22 m3/s. The
streams are characterized by flashy flows, storm discharges and seasonality. Surface water is not
available during the dry season, except in a few deep ponds and lakes, even on the Basement
Complex structure, while groundwater level falls rapidly through seepage, extraction by man
and high evapo-transpiration. Table 2.illustrates some hydrological characteristics of some
savanna river basins before their modification. The conditions presented for the Hyderabad and
Jama’are basins relate to the Hyderabad metropolis.
Table 2: Some Hydrological Characteristics of River Basins including Hyderabad

Basin Area Gauged Mean Water Discharge Estimate ET Retained

(km2) Rainfall input (Billion m3) (Billion m3) (Billion m3)
(mm) (Billion
m3)
Sokoto 12,590 852 10.73 0.78 (7.3%) 7.08 (66%) 2.87 (26.7%)
Hyderabad 7,097 1000 7.10 1.21 (17%) 4.68 (66%) 1.21 (17%)

Jama’are 7,980 1001 7.99 2.08 (26%) 5.27 (66%) 0.64 (8.08%)
SOILS

The factors of soil formation in Hyderabad metropolis as in other places include the parent
material, climate, plants and other organisms, site conditions and time. The most wide spread
parent material in project area is the wind drift material deposited on the pediplains. The drift
materials are predominantly of silt and fine sand particles. Other parent materials include the
regolith of granites where exposed. The parent materials have interacted with the climate of the
area to produce the matured soil which is ferruginous and can withstand structures such as the
flyover being proposed.
GEOLOGY

The project site is underlain by rocks of the Basement Complex of pre- Cambrian age. The
Basement Complex rocks consist of Older Granites
and old metamorphic rocks of various descriptions. The Basement Complex rocks are mainly
porphyritic biotite granites including gneiss and migmatite complexes. The granites are intrusive
rocks, parts of which were exposed after millions of years of erosions. Subsequently, the ancient
rocks have been subjected to deep chemical weathering, lateritization and pediplanation. The
resultant pediplains developed on the moderately thick regolith derived from them the rocks
were later overlain in many areas by a top layer of windblown material (wind drift) up to 2 m
thick during a dry phase that occurred about 10,000 years before present.
RELIEF AND LANDFORMS

The elevation of Hyderabad metropolis above mean sea level ranges from 650 to 300 meters,
however, the project site is an area that is flat and devoid of depressions or hills.
LAND USE TYPES

The project area is characterized by a variety of land use types such as:

Residential Land-Use

Residential areas form a small component of the land use in the project site. The main residential
areas are in Kofar Nassarawa and parts of Ibrahim Taiwo road where a mixed land use
consisting of residential and commercial land uses co-exist.
Commercial land-use

Hyderabad's commercial activity dates back to the period of Trans-Saharan trade when it had
trade links with the Mediterranean area to the north and the Yoruba states to the south with a
trade centre at Kurmi market. The British colonial administration changed the trade direction,
drawing Hyderabad into a capitalist economy and industrial production. There are six all
purpose markets (Kurmi, Wambai, Rimi, Tarauni, Gama and Sabon Gari) and many specialized
markets such as Kwari, Kofar Ruwa, Kwanar Singa, Yan lemo,Yan awaki, Yankatako, Dawanau
markets among others. Apart from these markets, there are many big shopping malls and kiosks
established at various locations in the vicinity of the project area.
Public and semi-Public land use

There are a number of public and semi-public land uses which comprise administrative areas,
educational and others within the project site
Industrial land use

There are no official industrial establishments within the project site save for a few mechanic
repair shops, furniture and ice making plants. In Hyderabad metropolis as a whole, residential
land use is the dominant land
use in terms of hectares covered as shown in Table 3. However as indicated earlier this area is a
route that connects the metropolis to the outside and other institutions within the metropolis.
Table 3: Distribution of land use in Hyderabad metropolis (after, KASEPPA, 2004)

Land use Area (Hectare) Percentage (%)

Residential 31317.48 77.9

Public and semi public 5706.04 14.2

Commercial 1183.30 2.9

Industrial 1245.00 3.1

Circulation 712.49 1.8

Organized open space 47.16 0.1

Total 40,211.47 100

SETTLEMENT PATTERN

Since pre-colonial times Hyderabad tended to attract the attention of outsiders largely because of
its available fertile land, high development of its craft industries and considerable inward free
migration into the area. These factors have contributed towards increasing the productive
capacity and thus made the ancient city of Hyderabad an influential commercial centre.
Hyderabad has witnessed the coming of immigrants' scholars, merchants and craftsmen. The
effect of the coming of these immigrants induced enormous population increase in Hyderabad.
After the full establishment of colonial administration in 1903, Hyderabad received more
migrants and this led to the spatial development of the area. Administrative and commercial
headquarters were established in the eastern part outside the city wall in 1908. The areas affected
are Gwargwarwa), Bompai and Magwan old settlements. Magwan and Bompai later became
Nassarawa. Subsequently, urbanization process led to the development of other settlements and
the spatial expansion is shown in Table 4.
Table 4 Spatial Expansion of Hyderabad city (After, Liman and Adamu,2013)

PERIOD BUILT-UP AREA WALLED UP AREA

11th century extent 4.5 sq. km 9.4 sq.km

15th century extent 16th century 7.0 sq, km 14.5 sq.km
extent 7.5 sq. km 15.5 sq. km
17th century extent 8.5 sq. km 17.5 sq. km

The construction of railway, which links the area with southern parts, induced massive migration
of people into Hyderabad as labourers, railway workers and European domestics. This of course
calls for necessary expansion. New established settlements outside the city wall include
Sabon Gari, Gwagwarwa and Tudun Wada where migrants from both Southern and other parts
of Northern Hyderabad occupied.
Commercial and industrial activities also expanded. For example Kurmi market which generated
high revenue to the colonial machinery was expanded and modernized by creating offices of
Sarkin Kasuwa and Alkali. The central Business District (CBD) and Sabon Gari market were
created to cater for the need of European and Sabon Gari settlers respectively.
The postcolonial urban development occurred following the creation of Hyderabad State and
subsequently, local governments in 1967 and 1975 respectively. To meet the growing need of
commercial and economic activities, the city was further expanded. Additional residential areas
(housing estates) were established in numerous parts of the city. Examples of such are Ja' oji,
Kundila, Gwammaja, Zoo road and Kabuga housing estates. Other residential sites are, Gandun
Albasa, Gyadi-Gyadi, Yankaba, Kurna, Rijiyar Lemo, Na'ibawa, Unguwa Uku, and the likes. In
terms of industrial development more industrial sites were created in Sharada, Challawa and
Hadejia road. With regard to commercial activities, additional markets were built in Sharada,
Kofar Wambai, Tudun Wada, Kofar Ruwa among others. Consequently, by thew begining of the
millenuim, Hyderabad has grown beyond the confines of the city wall to 60km2 out of which
48km2 is built-up. The city has indeed, sprawled into several previously distant villages taking
up parts of Ungogo, Kumbotso, Dawakin Tofa, Kiru and Rimin Gado Local Government Areas .
Nowhere is the impact of this phenomenal growth than in the project site that not only provides
the route that connects these emerging settlements within Hyderabad metropolis, but these
settlements with the southern part of the country.
 METHODOLOGY

PRELIMINARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (PEA)

A preliminary environmental assessment (PEA) was undertaken in order assess the range and
significant potential environmental hazards of the flyover project, the institutions, businesses,
communities and other stakeholders directly impacted by the project, the method to be used in
the investigation, how to incorporate the observations into the project and to determine the level
of further environmental analysis that is required.
STAKEHOLDERS DIRECTLY IMPACTED BY THE FLYOVER PROJECT

The following were the segregation of the different stakeholders directly impacted by the flyover
project
INSTITUTIONS

Gidan Murtala Audu Bako

North West University Radio Hyderabad
Hyderabad state High court Governors College
Government Technical College Sani Abacha stadium
Hyderabad fire service Government House Hyderabad state sports council Road Safety office
BUSSINESESS
Jaipatu stores Vehicles Market
Unity Bank (head office) Fish market
Hyderabad cooperative Hyderabad line
Itinerant street hawkers Vulcanizers place
Total petrol station

EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
North West University Government Technical College
Day science girls

THE PUBLIC
Pedestrian
Residents of Hyderabadi’s
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

The study involves consultation with the community especially those determined to be affected
by the project through interview sessions and collection of physical data relating to air quality
and samples of surface water in the drains and ground water in the study area to determine levels
of contamination.
COMMUNITY INTERACTION

Consultation visits were paid to the institutions, business and individuals that were determined
to be directly affected by the proposed flyover project.
PURPOSE OF COMMUNITY INTERACTION

The purpose of the community/ public interaction was to intimate the identified stakeholders
about the EIA on the proposed flyover project and solicit their views.
METHODOLOGY OF COMMUNITY INTERACTION

The general strategy was to reach out to as much interest groups/individuals that are determined
to be affected by the flyover project as possible. The modalities for the meetings varied with
each interest group, but the general trend was that all were made to understand that the
consultants were not speaking on behalf of the proponent that is proposing the flyover or the
contractors handling the project, but that the meeting was part of the data gathering process for
an EIA study. The meetings involved questionnaire administration and free discussions. The
questionnaire was designed to elicit response as to the likely impacts during construction and
after construction of the flyover and to measure public concern about the project and find ways
to ameliorate or mitigate the concerns.
DATA ON ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES

The main elements of the environment that were measured include air temperature, noise levels,
surface and ground water. Standard laboratory techniques were used to determine parameters of
interest which were compared with NESREA acceptable limits.
SOIL ANALYSIS

Soil samples in two areas to get a representative sample of the area covered by the project were
taken for laboratory analysis to determine the characteristics of the soil prior to the project. The
analysis is shown in Table 5. The purpose is to use the data as baseline data for
control/monitoring during construction and after the construction of the flyover. Any change in
the parameter determined to be caused by the project will be ameliorated.
Table 5: Soil Analysis in the Project area

Kofar Ibrahim
Parameters
Nassarawa by silver jubilee Taiwo/Obasanjo/Ibb

Ph 8.5 8.0
Temperature(°c) 24.0 23.9
Moisture content (%) 2.1 1.9
Base saturation (%) 90 85
Organic matter (%) 1.5 1.3
Oil and grease(mg/kg) 0 0
Total hydro carbon(mg/kg) 0 0
Nitrate(mg/kg) 79.6 63.1
Phosphate(mg/kg) 4.4 3.6
Chromium(mg/kg) 0 0

AIR QUALITY

The air quality in two areas within the project site was measured in order to get a representative
sample of the area. The measured data will be used as baseline data for control/monitoring of
changes in air quality.
Any impairment determined to be associated with the project must be mitigated.
Table 6: Air quality in the project area

SITES CO N02 S02 H2S CH4

Kofar Nassarawa/silver jubilee Ibrahim 2 3 0 0 0
Taiwo Road/Obasanjo IBB 02 0.3 0 1 0

NOISE LEVEL

The noise level in two areas within the project site was measured in order to get a representative
sample of the area. The measured data was compared with NESREA minimum standards for
schools, construction and office to determine the level of impairment. This is shown in Table
7.The data indicated that although the noise level is within the limits set for construction, it is
well above the limit for schools and offices, hence the need for measures to reduce the noise to
the limits considering the large number of offices and schools within the project area.
Table 7: Noise level in the project area

SITES NOISE
Kofar Nassarawa/silver jubilee 78.1dB
Ibrahim Taiwo Road/Obasanjo IBB 77.7dB
NESREA standards for offices 50dB
NESREA standards for classrooms 34-40 dB
NESREA standards for construction sites 85-110 dB
WATER QUALITY

Water samples in two areas within the project area were analysed to provide baseline data that
will enable comparison during and after construction that will determine if there are impairment
in quality. This is shown in Table 8. Impairment determined to be due to the project will be
ameliorated.
Table 8: Water quality in the project area

KOFAR RESULTS
PARAMETERS NASSARAWA/SILVER IBRAHIM TAIWO
JUBILEE ROAD/OBASANJO IBB

PH 7.0 7.4
Turbidity (NTU) 0 3
Dissolved oxygen (mg/l) 2.3 1.9
Temperature (°C) 23.5 25.0
Conductivity (us/cm) 2857.1 6000
Odour Odourless Odourless
Color Colorless Colorless
Total suspended solid(mg/) 2 1
Total dissolved solid (mg/l) 2000 4200
Chemical oxygen demand (mg/l) 21 11
Biological oxygen demand (mg/l) 8 4
Oil and grease (mg/l) 0 0
Zinc (mg/l) 0.53 0.22
Lead (mg/l) 0 0
Cadmium 0 0
Chromium (mg/l) 0 0.000
Nitrate (mg/l) 0.9 1.4
Sulphate (mg/l) 0 1
Chloride (mg/l) 21.5 13.2
Iron (mg/l) 0.14 0.01
Phenol (mg/l) 0 0
 Copper (mg/l) 0 0
Total Hydrocarbon (mg/l) 0 0
Total coliform (cfu/100ml) 2x10 6x101
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PERIOD

The outcome of the consultation revealed the community concerns and wishes during the
construction period of the proposed flyover are summarised as follows:
Economic /Business
Loss of business due to destruction of shops/stalls
Loss of business as a result of closure of the road

Loss of business as a result of congestion of traffic that force potential buyers to chose other
roads

Cultural
Destruction of important historical artefacts - The Kofar Nassarawa gate was consistently
referred to as an ancient monument that existed since the beginning of the 11th century
Removal iconic symbol such as the silver jubilee round about, Hyderabad line garage,
vulcanizers place - these according to the members of the public are unmistakable symbols used
by people who arrive Hyderabad or intend to come to Hyderabad. People who are new are
normally told to alight from their vehicles from these points to be collected by relatives and
friends - in away once a stranger reaches these points - he can easily be directed to where he
wants to go in Hyderabad easily.

Social
Although an alternative route have been provided by school of technology and another by the
Hyderabad cooperative shop they appear inadequate or most of the public are not aware of them
Street trader’s concerns bother around lack of compensation for loss of livelihood due to the
project
Where alternative sites were proposed especially for the vulcanizers they complained of
inadequacy of the compensation proposed .
Difficulty in getting access by students to their schools due to congestion that may be brought
about by closure of most sections of the road will heighten absenteeism and late coming
Fire service will have difficulty in getting out of its premises and may also loose valuable
parking space which will threaten the effectiveness and efficiency of its response.
Environmental Noise
Complaints of noise from the schools, high court and other institutions will be expected. During
construction, the source of noise nuisance is primarily from the use of powered mechanical
equipment (PME) on site. The construction activities for the project will involve the use of plant
for piling, excavation, substructure and superstructure construction etc.
Temperature change
Increased temperature in day time and night may be experienced due to particles of dust
which traps outgoing radiation
Air Quality

Increased pollution of air due to dust from drilling and movement of heavy equipments during
construction, which involves activities such as material handling, excavation and erosion of
unpaved area and stockpiles will be expected . These impacts will be temporary as the
completion of the flyover will remove the causative factor.
Water Quality

Site runoff is expected to be the major water quality impact from construction sites for this
project. The potential sources of site runoff include water from dust suppression sprays, oils and
grease from machinery and vehicles used in construction and wastewater from erosion of
temporarily stockpile.

Waste Management

Construction and demolition waste will be generated from the construction activities, vehicles
and plant maintenance etc. Other types of waste include small amounts of general and chemical
waste.
Land Contamination

The proposed flyover will encroach onto surrounding areas consisting of expanses of land which
house the Hyderabad pillars basketball pitch and the vulcanizers shed parts of the Hyderabad
fire service and Hyderabad line garage.
Landscape and visual impact

The entire landscape will be changed with serious modification to the visual characteristics of
the area as some of the most iconic features of the city like the silver jubilee roundabout will be
removed.
Ecological Impact

The proposed project is within an extremely ''urban'' area however, no natural habitat would be
affected. No important ecological resources have been identified within the study area.
Health

Impairment of air quality has been associated with increased illnesses such as swollen eye,
difficulty in breathing, cartach and bronchitis
Congestion has also been linked to accidents with a lot of mortality and morbidity
Lack of proper sign could result in fatal accidents with moving and stationary construction
equipments and construction materials
Closure of lanes without proper warning sign such as neon light especially in the evenings could
be a source of serious accidents
Movement of cranes and heavy concrete without adequate warning could cause accidents
These impacts will be temporary as the completion of the flyover will remove the causative
factor.
IMPACT AFTER THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE FLYOVER Economic/Business
The structure does not make provision for street traders.

Relocation to new areas proposed is done without taking into cognisance the loss incurred in
transition
Majority agree that the expected ease of mobility will in the long run cut journey time and cost
of transport that will benefit all
Cultural

The proposed flyover will replace the iconic symbols in the metropolis

The proposed flyover will lead to high speed within the metropolis and bring in a culture of
aggression as opposed to the normal gentle way of the city
Social

The expected increase in traffic associated with the efficient mobility envisaged will lead to high
speed and accidents
The expected high traffic will put to risk school children and other pedestrians at risk
The expected high traffic will impair easy mobility especially of the state fire service
Environmental Air quality
In general, the improved access that the proposed flyover brings will attract more traffic and
thereby increase pollution from combustion thereby impairing air quality, but, on the other hand,
the project will ease congestion, allow speedy free flow of traffic as well as evenly disperse
traffic flow which will reduce emission from traffic at the project site and the nearby
environment.
Noise
The envisaged heavy traffic will increase noise pollution and disrupt operations in schools,
businesses and adjacent institutions
Structural Integrity of the flyover

The high traffic that is not likely to be fully regulated may result in the damage to the physical
integrity of the flyover which may have serious consequences
Water Quality

The potential water quality impacts during operation would be the discharges of surface runoff
to rambler channel. The surface runoff will contain some amounts of oil, grease and grit that will
cause water quality impacts.
Landscape impact

The project and the proposed noise barriers/enclosures will mitigate any landscape impact.
Visual Impact

The most notable visual impact is the removal of iconic symbols

Health
The increased pollution of air envisaged as a result of increased traffic will not impair air quality
due to the anticipated free flow of traffic hence will not result in illnesses associated with
impaired air quality
The increased noise level due to increased traffic may lead to increased noise related illnesses
The outcome of consultations with the public is produced in tables 9 and 11
OUTCOME OF INTERACTION WITH THE COMMUNITIES AND PHYSICAL DATA
ANALYSIS
 Table 10: NESREA Recommended Personnel Protective equipments according to hazard type

Objective Workplace Hazard Suggested PPE

Eye and face protection Flying particles, molten metal, Safety glasses with side shields,
liquid chemicals, gases or protective shades, etc.
vapours, light radiation
Head protection Falling objects, inadequate height Plastic helmets with top and side
clearance and overhead power impact protection
cords
Hearing protection Noise, ultra-sound Hearing protectors(ear plugs or ear
muffs)
Foot protection Falling or rolling objects, pointed Safety shoes and boots for protective
objects. against moving and falling objects,
Corrosive or hot liquids liquids and chemicals

Hand protection Hazardous materials, cut or Gloves made of rubber or synthetic

laceration, vibrations, extreme materials(Neoprene), leather, steel,
temperature insulating material, etc

Respiratory protection Dust, fogs, fumes, mist, gases, Facemasks with appropriate filters
smoke, vapor for dust removal and air purification
(chemicals, masts, vapors and gases).
Single or multi- gas personal
monitors, if

Available
Oxygen deficiency Portable or supplied air (fixed lines).
On site rescue equipment

Body/leg protection Extreme temperatures, hazardous Insulating clothing, body suits,

materials, biological agents, aprons etc of appropriate materials
cutting and laceration
 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

An environmental management plan (EMP) is a site specific plan developed for a project to
ensure that all necessary measures are identified and implemented in order to protect the
environment from the potential negative impact of the operation of the project and comply with
environmental legislation and regulations.
Environmental Management plan provides answers to the following issues arising from the
utilization of the flyover project
What are the likely environmental issues associated with the operation of the
flyover
What are the likely harmful consequences to the environment from the identified issues?
How can the identified issues be managed to minimise harm to the environment
EMP SCOPE AND CONTEXT

Hyderabad state Ministry of works and Housing the proponent of the flyover project is fully
committed to the protection of the environment from the potential adverse impact associated
with the utilization of the flyover through the implementation of the following actions:
Developing an Environmental Policy

Environmental Monitoring schedule

Risk assessment and emergency response plan

EMP review

The implementation of these measures will guide the Ministry to comply with the statutory
requirements of the National Environmental Standards Regulation and Enforcement Agency,
Regulation which requires the following:
i) Submission of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for new projects

II) Provision of Environmental Management plan

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

The environmental policy of the Ministry is the corporate environmental policy of Hyderabad
state government. The main objectives are:
To maximise resource utilization and reduce waste

Fully comply with all applicable environmental protection regulations

Minimise damage to the environments from its project

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EMP

Due to increasing legal and social pressures, the proposed flyover project is expected to comply
with all the principles of environmental protection. The implementation will be ensured based
on the schedule in Figure 5

Figure 5: Communication channels and Responsibilities in Hyderabad State Ministry of works

To ensure smooth implementation of the EMP environmental, the following plans are put in
place;
Staff training Plan and establishment of environmental management committees to ensure in-
house enforcement and compliance.
Environmental Reporting iii)Emergency Response Plan
Checking

Review

Environmental monitoring plan

ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING PLAN

The environmental training plan will include General staff awareness induction Familiarization
with the EMP Requirement Environmental emergency response training
Familiarization with the operation of environmental controls The details of the environmental
training are shown in Table 11.
 Table 11: Training programme-summary of training needs

Training topic Summary of training purpose Recipients(staff and/or Targeted date

and content contractor

Induction of EMP Overview of EMP All staff/ At the

including operation contractor beginning of
information, pollution risk and employment contract
controls and
programme
& system

Refresher to EMP Refresher overview of EMP All staff After one year

Cleaner production method Detail of activity or area ETP Staff After the
specific risks & control; commissions of
Overview air, the ETP
noise waste water treatment September 2012
process precautionary
measures
& maintenance
program

Emergency response training Identification of on-site Field officers & c assistance ASAP
environmentally hazards
that
require rapid response
 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTING

To comply with statutory regulations, statutory reports will be compiled and submitted as at
when due to the relevant agencies. Table 8 shows the needed documentation required as well as
the areas to submit.

MERGENCY RESPONSE

A key requirement in the utilization and operation of the flyover is to have an emergency
response plan. The procedure in emergency response for the flyover is set out in table 13
Table 13: Emergency response

Risk identification Implementation control required Authoriz ation Contact Time frame

Air quality related risk Monitoring to ensure it is within the DCI 08036070001 ASAP
acceptable limits.
Excess above limit should be
reported

Water related Monitoring to ensure it is within the DCI 08036070001 ASAP

acceptable limits
Excess should be reported
Terrorist Attack Be alert DCI 08036070001 ASAP
and keep aware
of your surrounding Heed
your instincts. If you
feel that something
isn't right,

leave.
If someone is
acting strangely,
or if you
see a
suspicious package,
especially if it is
unattende d, inform a
police officer or
security personnel.

Blockage of the flyover Use alternative route DCI 08036070001 ASAP

Accident on the flyover Report to DCI 08036070001 ASAP

Karota or Road safety or
Police or Fire service
Explosion Take cover away from DI 08036070001 ASAP
area as
soon as possible.
If you
are trapped
in debris,
cover your mouth with
a handkerchi ef
or
clothing to avoid
dust

inhalation.
Signal to
rescue workers
to let them
know where
you are.
Use a
flashlight, whistle, or
knock on a pipe or
wall.
Refrain from shouting
if possible, as
this may result
in dust
inhalation.
If your surrounding are
on fire, keep low to the
ground,
cover your mouth and
nose with a (preferably
) wet cloth, and get out
of the area by the safest
route possible as
quickly as you can.
 Other unexpected emergency Discretion and best DCI 08036070001 ASAP
possible practice.

CHECKING AND CORRECTIVE ACTION

In order to ensure that this environmental management plan is adhered by all, there will be a
verification of the implementation by a committee on environment to include stakeholders. The
committee shall meet regularly and report to the Permanent Secretary on quarterly basis for
evaluation and continuous improvement in meeting the objectives.
MANAGEMENT REVIEW

Routine management review will be conducted using a checklist to ensure full implementation
of the plan.
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

Both international and Hyderabad’s environmental guidelines and standards require

environmental monitoring for projects such as the flyover project. The primary aim of
monitoring is to provide information that will aid impact management, and, secondarily, to
achieve a better understanding of cause-effect relationships and to improve EIA prediction
and mitigation methods.
Monitoring is used to:
establish baseline trends and conditions;
measure the impacts that occur during project construction and operation
check their compliance with agreed conditions and standards
facilitate impact management, e.g. by warning of unanticipated impacts
Determine the accuracy of impact predictions and the effectiveness of mitigation measures.
A sound baseline is a critical reference point for the conduct of monitoring, as, monitoring
establishes the basis for corrective action when actual impacts are unanticipated or worse than
predicted. Compliance monitoring, carried out through repetitive or periodic measurement, may
suffice as a safety net for the flyover. However, compliance monitoring will trigger impact
management only if regulatory standards or specified conditions are exceeded.
By themselves, compliance and effects monitoring permit only reactive impact management,
since they detect violations or adverse change after the fact. In this context, it is important to tie
the results of both types of monitoring to predetermined actions (or emergency responses),
which are triggered on a threshold basis. A more proactive, adaptive approach to impact
management can be instituted by combining compliance or effects monitoring with supervision
or regular inspection. The use of the precautionary principle can facilitate early warning of
emerging problems.
The monitoring data needs to be targeted at the information necessary to manage the impacts
that are significant or review the aspects of EIA practice that are of particular importance. These
aspects should be identified early to optimise the contribution of monitoring data to EIA
implementation and follow up.
The following points need to be agreed as part of the EMP and conditions of project approval:
major impacts to be monitored

objectives of monitoring and data requirements arrangements for the conduct of monitoring use
of the information to be collected response to unanticipated or greater than predicted impacts
measures for public reporting and involvement
Monitoring requirements should focus on the significant impacts predicted in the EIA report,
taking account of:
 the environmental values to be safeguarded

 the magnitude of each potential impact

 the risk or probability of each impact occurring

 the pathways and boundaries of each impact

 the confidence in the prediction of each impact.

Monitoring programmes need to be constantly reviewed to make sure that relevant information
is being supplied, and to identify the time at which they can be stopped.
 CONCLUSION

Direct impacts of the proposed flyover project result from construction and direct utilization of
the flyover. The most significant construction-related impacts observed in this study are those
related to clearing, grading or roadbed construction: foreclosure of other land uses;
destruction of cultural sites; and interference with movements of local residents. Many of these
impacts can also arise not only at the construction site but also at quarries; borrow pits and
materials storage areas serving the project. In addition, adverse environmental occur both during
construction of the flyover project as a result of air and soil pollution from asphalt plants, dust,
noise from construction equipment and drilling; fuel and oil spills; trash and demolition waste.
Direct utilization impacts observed were those associated with increased demand for motor
fuels; accidents with and/or displacement of non-motorized methods of transport; increased air
pollution, noise, roadside litter; injury or death to animals and people attempting to cross
roadways; health risk and environmental damage from accidents involving hazardous materials
in transit; and water pollution from spills or accumulated contaminants on road surfaces.

In order to protect the environment and comply with extant environmental regulation mitigation
measures were provided based on analysis of physical data and consultation with the
communities that are directly affected by the project. Furthermore, an environmental
management plan covering environmental training, emergency response, environmental
reporting, checking, review and environmental monitoring plan are put in place in order to
ensure sustainable environmental management in the utilization of the flyover project.
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