JARED OTHNIEL G.

PANCHO 04/13/2023

BSMARE-M3E 1:30-3:30 TTH 57190

C/E REYNALDO REPOLIDO

1. Give a brief overview of the history of UNCLOS

ANS: In 1967, the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea was convened. In this
conference, the UN ambassador from Malta Mr. Arvid Pardo requested for a legal power that
could bring about international governance over the oceanic floor and bed. There are 17 parts,
320 articles and nine annexes to UNCLOS. Over 160 nations participated in the 9-year
convention, which finally came into force on November 16, 1994, 21 years after the first
meeting of UNCLOS III and one year after ratification by the sixtieth state. The first sixty
ratifications were almost all developing states.

2. Identify the contents of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.

Ans: The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) is a treaty that defines
coastal and maritime borders, regulates seabed exploration outside of territorial claims, and
distributes proceeds from controlled exploration. The United Nations Convention on the Law of
the Sea (UNCLOS) is a treaty signed by 167 countries that establishes the legal framework for
the use and conservation of the world's oceans and their resources. The convention is divided
into 17 parts and contains 320 articles, as well as nine annexes. Some of the key contents of
the convention include: Introduction and General Provisions this outlines the purpose and
scope of the convention and provides definitions for key terms
3. Illustrate the limits set by UNCLOS, (The Maritime Zones) and mention to which article,
section, or part it is being defined.
One of the key provisions of UNCLOS is the establishment of various maritime zones, which
define the extent of a state's jurisdiction over the waters surrounding its territory. These zones
include:

1. Internal waters - Article 8: These are the waters on the landward side of the baseline from
which the territorial sea is measured. The state has full sovereignty over its internal waters,
including the right to regulate navigation, fishing, and other activities.

2. Territorial sea - Article 2: The territorial sea extends up to 12 nautical miles from the
baseline, and the state has full sovereignty over this area. Foreign vessels have the right of
innocent passage through the territorial sea, subject to certain restrictions.

3. Contiguous zone - Article 33: This zone extends up to 24 nautical miles from the baseline,
beyond the territorial sea. The state has limited control over this area, including the right to
prevent and punish infringement of its customs, fiscal, immigration, or sanitary laws and
regulations.

4. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) - Article 56: The EEZ extends up to 200 nautical miles from the
baseline. The state has special rights to explore, exploit, conserve, and manage the natural
resources in this area, including fish stocks and oil and gas reserves.

5. Continental shelf - Article 76: The continental shelf is the seabed and subsoil of the
submarine areas that extend beyond the territorial sea to the outer edge of the continental
margin. The state has exclusive rights to explore and exploit the natural resources in this area

6. Archipelagic waters- Article 49 provides that the waters enclosed by archipelagic baselines
drawn in accordance with Article 47 are “archipelagic waters,” All waters inside this baseline
are designated Archipelagic Waters. The state has full sovereignty over these waters (like
internal waters), but foreign vessels have right of innocent passage through archipelagic waters
(like territorial waters).