Bursa Uludag University

Faculty of Education
ELT

İlayda DAĞLI - 062210089

My Own Dictionary
In my dictionary, you are going to see 6
sections :

1.Verbs
2.Nouns
3.Adverbs
4.Adjectives
5.Idioms,phrasal verbs,collocations
6.A list of the words with their synonym and antonym

NOTE: I added link to every word.

If you click the words, it is possible to see more about them.
1.Verbs
articulate/ɑːˈtɪkjuleɪt/
(from malcolm x text – reading class)
- articulate something (to
somebody) (formal) to express or explain
your thoughts or feelings clearly in words
e.g. Almost every children are worry
about articulate their feelings to their
parents.
exalt /ɪɡˈzɔːlt/
(from malcolm x text – reading class)
- exalt somebody (to something) to make
somebody rise to a higher rank or
sometimes to one that they do not
e.g. Ashe was exalted to
the highest position in
the company, but every-
one thought that she’d
never deserve this.
inundate /ˈɪnʌndeɪt/
(from reading class – unit 3)
- to give or send somebody so
many things that they cannot
deal with them all
e.g. Jack is inundated because of his
final exams,daily tasks and look after
his sister.
enact /ɪˈnækt/
(from verbal communication class)
- to pass a law
e.g. The authorities have failed so far
to enact a law allowing unrestricted
emigration.

furlough /ˈfɜːləʊ/
(from verbal communication class)
- to give somebody permission to leave
their duties for a period of time
e.g. The teacher will be
placed on furlough until
the criminal charges against
him are investigated.
saturate /ˈsætʃəreɪt/
(from verbal communication class)
- to fill something/somebody completely
with something so that it is impossible
or useless to add any more
e.g. He wasn’t able to speak because
he saturated all the potatoes to his
mouth.
verbs
lean /liːn/
(from verbal communication class)
- to bend or move from a straight position
to a sloping position
e.g. The teacher leaned
forward and listened what
Olivia says.
bolster /ˈbəʊlstə(r)/
(from verbal communication class)
- to improve something or make it
stronger
e.g. The company needs to
do something to bolster their
relations with others.

slant /slɑːnt/
(from verbal communication class)
- to present information based on a
particular way of thinking, especially in an
unfair way
e.g. The findings of the
report had been slanted in
favour of the manufacturers.
reiterate /riˈɪtəreɪt/
(from verbal communication class)
- to repeat something that you have
already said, especially to emphasize it
e.g. Alex didn’t move though the
teacher reiterated her command.
verbs
feign /feɪn/
(from verbal communcation class)
- to pretend that you have a
particular feeling or that you are ill, tired,
etc.
e.g. If you are not happy, feign a quick
smile anyway for a natural boost of
happiness.
capitulate /kəˈpɪtʃuleɪt/
(from a text that I’ve seen on Instagram)
- to agree to do something that you have
been refusing to do for a long time
e.g. The soldiers had no alternative but
to capitulate to their their enemies.

align /əˈlaɪn/
(from verbal communication class)
- to arrange something in the correct
position, or to be in the correct position, in
relation to something else, especially in a
straight line
e.g. Each class project should align
with the end of the year goals we have
set for ourselves.
dread /dred/
(from verbal communication class)
- to be very afraid of something; to fear
that something bad is going to happen
e.g. Most people dread these
conversations with their boss.
verbs
slur /slɜː(r)/
(from verbal communication class)
- to pronounce words in a way that is not
clear so that they run into each other,
usually because you are drunk or tired
e.g. Barely able to hold her
eyes open, the sleepy woman
began to slur her words and
overrun her syllables.
soar /sɔː(r)/
(from verbal communication class)
- if the value, amount or level of
something soars, it rises very quickly
e.g. The child watched the bird soar
above the tree.
 verbs

drain /dreɪn/ intimidate /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/

(from verbal communication class) (from verbal communication class)

- to make somebody/something - to frighten or threaten somebody so

that they will do what you want
weaker, poorer, etc. by using up their/its
strength, money, etc. e.g. Jim often attempts to
intimidate younger children, so
e.g. They are either
he is named as a bully.
going to give you a power boost or they
are going to drain your power.
tease /tiːz/
(from verbal communication class)
merge /mɜːdʒ/ - to laugh at somebody and make jokes
(from verbal communication class)
about them, either in a friendly way or in
- to combine or make two or more things order to annoy them or make them
combine to form a single thing embarrassed
e.g. To determine what the couple’s e.g. Why did they tease her?
child would look like, a special software
program could merge two photographs
together.

shed /ʃed/
(from verbal communication class)
- to get rid of something
that is no longer wanted
e.g. Some companies have been trying
hard to shed their untrustworthy image.
grapple /ˈɡræpl/
(from verbal communication class)
- to take a strong hold of somebody or
something and struggle with them
e.g. It might not be the best idea to
grapple with someone twice your size.
verbs
tackle /ˈtækl/
(from verbal communication class)
- tackle something to
make a determined effort
to deal with a difficult problem or situation
e.g. Rather than run from your
problems, you should tackle them with
all of your determination.
acknowledge /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/
(from verbal communication class)
- to accept that something is true
e.g. We acknowledge
receipt of your letter.

dehumanize /ˌdiːˈhjuːmənaɪz/
(from verbal communication class)
- ​dehumanize somebody to make
somebody lose their human qualities such
as kindness, pity, etc.; to make people
seem like objects rather than human
beings
e.g. This dehumanizing process made
it easier for staff to carry out
their tasks in a neutral way.
convey /kənˈveɪ/
(from verbal communication class)
- to make ideas, feelings, etc. known to
somebody
e.g. What is the first message this line
conveys to you?
verbs
sprout /spraʊt/
(from evergreen 7th edition –writing class)
- to produce new leaves or buds; to start
to grow
e.g. It only takes a few
days for beans to sprout.
whisk/wɪsk/
(from evergreen 7th edition –writing class)
​- to take somebody/something
somewhere very quickly and suddenly
e.g. He was whisked away in a police
car.

procrastinate /prəˈkræstɪneɪt/
(from verbal communication class)
- to delay doing some-
thing that you should do,
usually because you do not
want to do it
e.g. If you procrastinate about making
a purchase, you might not be able to
buy the item later.
strive /straɪv/
(from verbal communication class)
- to try very hard to achieve something
e.g. Even though she was the best
swimmer on the team, she continued to
strive to improve her swim times.
verbs
enthrall /ɪnˈθrɔːl/
(from verbal communication class)
- if something enthrals you, it is so
interesting, beautiful, etc. that you give it
all your attention
e.g. The passengers were
enthralled by the scenery.
interpret /ɪnˈtɜːprət/
(from verbal communication class)
- interpret something to explain the
meaning of something
e.g. So how to interpret these results?

juggle /ˈdʒʌɡl/
(from verbal communication class)
- to throw a set of three or more objects
such as balls into the air and catch and
throw them again quickly, one at a time, so
as to keep at least one in the air at all times
e.g. His uncle taught him to juggle.
cherry-pick /ˈtʃeri pɪk/
(from verbal communication class)
- (somebody/something) to choose the
best people or things from a group and
leave those that are not so good
e.g. We need to cherry
pick the best food for our
new restaurant.
verbs
tan /tæn/
(from verbal communication class)
- if a person or their skin tans or is tanned,
they become brown as a result of spending
time in the sun
e.g. My skin tans really easily.
concur /kənˈkɜː(r)/
(from verbal communication class)
- to agree
e.g. Tom entirely concur in that view.
 verbs

mutter /ˈmʌtə(r)/
(from verbal communication class)​

- to speak or say something

in a quiet voice that is difficult
to hear, especially because you
are annoyed about something
e.g. She can hear the old woman
muttering about consideration.
2.Nouns
apposition /ˌæp.əˈzɪʃ.ən/
(from writing skills class)
- coming immediately after another
noun or noun phrase that refers to
the same person or thing
e.g. When we say Biden,the president
of America, is…
-> Biden and the president of America
are in apposition.
orchard /ˈɔːtʃəd/
(from scanning – reading class)
- a piece of enclosed land
planted with fruit trees
e.g. When my grandpa saw the
basketball court,he said that previously
there were grape orchards.

rebate /ˈriːbeɪt/ antics /ˈæn.tɪks/

(from scanning – exercise 2) (from reading class’ extra material)

- an amount of money that is paid - behaviour that is silly and funny

back to you because you have paid in a way that people usually like
too much
e.g. Taylor is claiming a %100 tax e.g. Because the antics of
rebate. the political candidates are so
disturbing, I will not be voting
for any of them.

peacocking /ˈpiː.kɒk.ɪŋ/
(from verbal communication class)
- it describes someone showing off to
attract attention and impress people
e.g. When we first met, I
was impressed by Alec’s flashy
clothes and constant jokes but
he was obviously peacocking.
death sentence /ˈdeθ sentəns/
(from verbal communication class)
- the legal punishment of being killed for a
serious crime
e.g. Iran issues death sentence for
five accused of killing agent.
nouns
inquiry /ɪnˈkwaɪəri/
(from verbal communication lesson)
- an official process to find out
the cause of something or to find
out information about something
e.g. Responsible administrators should
conduct an inquiry into such things and
see that necessary reforms are made.
tergiversation /ˌtɜːdʒɪvəˈseɪʃn/
(from a text that I have read on Instagram)
- ​the act of removing your support
from one person, group, or religion
and beginning to support another
e.g. Despite all the tergiversations,the
mayor still applies same rules.
 nouns

aftermath /ˈæftərmæθ/ propensity /prəˈpensəti/

(from verbal communication class) (from verbal communication class)

- the situation that exists as a result of an - ​a natural desire or need that makes
important (and usually unpleasant) event, you tend to behave in a particular way
especially a war, an accident, etc.
e.g. They started a campaign to make e.g. Camilla has a propensity to
better conditions
exaggerate.
in the aftermath
of the earthquake. striving /ˈstraɪvɪŋ/
(from evergreen 7th edition page 113 –writing class)
- the act of trying very hard to achieve
something
mitigation /ˌmɪtɪˈɡeɪʃn/ e.g. In education we are striving not to
(from verbal communication class) teach youth to make a living, but to
- a reduction in how unpleasant, serious, make a life.
etc. something is
e.g. This is a strategy not
of flood prevention but of
flood mitigation and
control.

me-time /ˈmiː taɪm/
(from verbal communication class)
- time when a person who is
normally very busy relaxes or
does something they enjoy
e.g. Like most parents with young
children,I don’t get much me time.
frenemy /ˈfrenəmi/
(from verbal communication class)
-a person or organization that you are
friends with because it is useful or
necessary to be their friend, even
though you really dislike or disagree
with them
e.g. Most of us don't learn
the difference between
real friends and
frenemies growing up.
nouns
la-la land /ˈlɑː lɑː lænd/
(from verbal communication class)
- if you say that somebody is living
in la-la land, you mean that they do not
understand what a situation is really like,
but think it is much better than it is
e.g. Hannah seems to be
lost in la-la land these days.
jaundice /ˈdʒɔːndɪs/
(from verbal communication class)
- a medical condition in which the skin and
the white parts of the eyes become yellow,
caused by disease of the liver or blood
e.g. Familiar characters are seen with a
jaundiced eye.
 nouns

tantrum /ˈtæntrəm/ chore /tʃɔː(r)/

(from the song called Good in Goodbye by Madison Beer) (from a song called reflections by The Neighbourhood)

- a sudden short period of angry, - a task that you do regularly

unreasonable behaviour
e.g. Tell them they must
e.g. ``These tantrums been contribute financially and do
old their share of chores.
All bitter, no sweet´´
conspiracy /kənˈspɪrəsi/
competency /ˈkɒmpɪtənsi/ (from verbal communication class)
(from career planning lesson)
- a secret plan by a group of people to do
- the ability to do something well something harmful or illegal
e.g. Gifted children often achieve e.g. The government enacted the laws
language competency at an earlier age of conspiracy to deter its enemies from
than their chronological age-mates. challenging its authority.

jiggery pokery /ˌdʒɪɡəri ˈpəʊkəri/
(from verbal communication class)
- dishonest behaviour
e.g. Ashley suspects that some jiggery
pokery is going on there.
agony /ˈæɡəni/
(from verbal communication class)
- extreme physical or mental pain
e.g. The agony was gone, replaced by
sudden energy.
nouns
derision /dɪˈrɪʒn/
(from verbal communication class)
- a strong feeling that somebody
or something is silly and not worth
considering seriously, shown by laughing in
an unkind way or by making unkind
remarks
e.g. I don't agree with you and
therefore I'm only worthy of
your derision.
frenzy /ˈfrenzi/
(from verbal communication class)
- a state of great activity and strong
emotion that is often violent or
frightening and not under control
e.g. With its owner in trouble, the
dog attacked in frenzy.

torrent /ˈtɒrənt/
(from verbal communication class)
- a large amount of something
that comes suddenly and violently
e.g. His torrent of words finally slowed
as he calmed down.
wannabe /ˈwɒnəbi/
(from verbal communication class)
- a person who behaves, dresses, etc. like
somebody famous because they want to
be like them
e.g. You can create your wannabe star
from hundreds of possible avatars on
this app.
nouns
connotation /ˌkɒnəˈteɪʃn/
(from verbal communication class)
- an idea suggested by a word in
addition to its main meaning
e.g. The word idea has
connotation of thinking.
bush /bʊʃ/
(from verbal communication class)
- a plant that grows thickly with several
hard stems coming up from the root
e.g. We have a beautiful
rose bush growing just outside our front
door.
 nouns

nomophobia /ˌnəʊ.məʊˈfəʊ.bi.ə/
(from verbal communication class)
day out /ˌdeɪ ˈaʊt/
(from verbal communication class)
- is the fear of not having or not being able to
use your phone - a trip or visit somewhere for a day
e.g. Many people suffering
from nomophobia never switch
e.g. We have a day
off their mobile phones. out trip to Mudanya.

smombie /smɒmbi:/ chariot/ˈtʃæriət/

(from verbal communication class) (from evergreen 7th edition page 131 –writing class)

- is a person who walks around with their
head bowed down writing messages or
playing games on their phone and not
paying any attention to the world around
them
e.g. People don’t know how to
communicate with each other face to
face anymore.They are such smombies.
- an open vehicle with two wheels,
pulled by horses, used in ancient times
in battle and for racing
e.g. Cindirella’s chariot was made of
pumpkin.
 nouns

serpent /ˈsɜːpənt/ mahogany /məˈhɒɡəni/

(from evergreen 7th edition page 131 –writing class) (from evergreen 7th edition page 133 –writing class)

- a snake, especially a large one - the hard red-brown wood of a tropical

tree, used for making furniture
e.g. The little boy claimed that
he saw a serpent on their garden. e.g. You should
definitely keep the
original color especially
mold /məʊld/ if it its mahogany.
(from evergreen 7th edition page 133 –writing class)

- a container that you pour a liquid or soft

substance into, which then becomes solid catchphrase /ˈkætʃfreɪz/
(from verbal communication class)
in the same shape as the container, for
example when it is cooled or cooked - a popular phrase that is connected with
e.g. They poured the the actor, politician or other well-known
liquid clay into the heart- person who used it and made it famous
shaped mold and then set e.g. Madison’s famous
it aside to dry. catchphrase may be
'dumb,stupid and sorry'.

bewilderment /bɪˈwɪldəmənt/
(from verbal communication class)
- a feeling of being completely
confused
e.g. As he looked at it, his face
expressed bewilderment.
phishing /ˈfɪʃɪŋ/
(from verbal communication class)
- the activity of tricking people by getting
them to give their identity, bank account
numbers, etc. over the internet or by
email, and then using these to steal money
from them
e.g. I bet you have heard of phishing
attacks.
nouns
proxy /ˈprɒksi/
(from verbal communication class)
- the authority that you give to somebody
to do something for you, when you cannot
do it yourself
e.g. She told me that I
would have to vote by proxy,
nominating one of my parents to vote
for me in their riding.
heap /hiːp/
(from verbal communication class)
- an untidy pile of something
e.g. A heap of old clothes was
lying in the corner.
 nouns

graft /ɡrɑːft/ dysmorphia /dɪsˈmɔːfiə/

(from verbal communication class) (from verbal communication class)

- a piece cut from a living plant and fixed in a - ​a condition in which a part of the body
cut made in another plant, so that it grows grows larger than and a different shape from
there; the process or result of doing this normal
e.g. He had a skin e.g. Caitlyn’s struggles
graft on the burnt leg. with eating disorders
would later raise
awareness of body dysmorphia.

man flu /ˈmæn fluː/
(from verbal communication class)
- a cold or similar minor illness that
somebody, usually a man, catches and treats
as if it were flu or something more serious
e.g. I heard the boss
saying Peter has man flu.
midriff /ˈmɪdrɪf/
(from verbal communication class)
- the part of the body between the chest and
the waist
e.g. Maybe he thought the weather
was too cool for bare shoulders
and midriff.
 nouns

stigma /ˈstɪɡmə/ insult /ˈɪn.sʌlt/

(from verbal communication class) (from verbal communication class)

- negative feelings that people have about - a remark or an action that is said or done
particular circumstances or characteristics in order to offend somebody
that somebody may have e.g. Never insult anyone by accident.
e.g. There is no longer
any stigma attached to
being divorced.

freak /friːk/ bun /bʌn/

(from verbal communication class)
(from verbal communication class)
- a small round sweet cake
- (informal) a person with a very strong e.g. He stole a bun from the shop.
interest in a particular subject
e.g. Dave is a computer
freak who spends all his
free time in front of his PC.

slippery slope /ˌslɪp.ər.i ˈsləʊp/
(from verbal communication class)
- a chain of events that, once initiated,
cannot be halted; especially
one in which the final outcome
is undesirable or precarious
e.g. When you begin to lie, you may
find yourself on a slippery slope.
gauge /ɡeɪdʒ/
(from verbal communication class)
- a measurement of how wide or thick
something is
e.g. He used the thermometer to
gauge his temperature.
nouns
rug /rʌɡ/
(from verbal communication class)
- a piece of thick material like a small
carpet that is used for covering or
decorating part of a floor
e.g. They are pulling
the rug from under our feet.
wound /wuːnd/
(from verbal communication class)
- mental or emotional pain caused by
something unpleasant that has been said
or done to you
e.g. Seeing him again
opened up old wounds.

affair /əˈfeə(r)/
(from verbal communication class)
- an event that people are talking about or
describing in a particular way
e.g. The newspapers
exaggerated the whole
affair wildly.
greed /ɡriːd/
(from verbal communication class)
- ​a strong desire for more wealth,
possessions, power, etc. than a person
needs
e.g. At the end of the day it is just
greed for money.
nouns
reign /reɪn/
(from verbal communication class)
- the period during which a king,
queen, emperor, etc. rules
e.g. How will his reign come
to an end?
bigwig /ˈbɪɡwɪɡ/
(from verbal communication class)
- (informal) ​an important person
e.g. The bigwigs would pick and
choose the lead roles.

memoir /ˈmemwɑː(r)/
(from verbal communication class)
- [plural] an account written by somebody,
especially somebody famous, about their life and
experiences
e.g. The book is a
memoir in three parts.
disdain /dɪsˈdeɪn/
(from verbal communication class)
​- the feeling that somebody/something is not
good enough to deserve your respect or attention
e.g. It is a heartless action
that shows complete disdain for humanity.
nouns
pension /ˈpenʃn/
(from writing class –finding the main idea)
- an amount of money paid regularly by a
government or company to somebody who has
retired from work
e.g. The pension includes an allowance of
fifty pounds for traffic expenditures.
ratio/ˈreɪʃiəʊ/
(from writing class –finding the main idea)
- ​the relationship between two groups of
people or things that is represented by two
numbers showing how much larger one group
is than the other
e.g. The ratio of boys to girls in the
classroom was much higher than last
year.

stunt /stʌnt/
(from evergreen 7th edition –writing class)
- ​a dangerous and difficult action that
somebody does to entertain people,
especially as part of a film
e.g. A stunt man needs to
have a good guardian angel.
spouse /spaʊs/
(from evergreen 7th edition –writing class)
- (formal or law) ​a husband or wife
e.g. Imagine if he could no longer rely
on a spouse for all his needs.
nouns
auction /ˈɔːkʃn/​
(from evergreen 7th edition –writing class)
- a public sale in which things are sold to
the person who offers the most money for
them
e.g. They bought
the paintings at
auction in 1989.
apocalypse /əˈpɒkəlɪps/
(from the song called Apocalypse by Cigarettes After Sex)
- the destruction of the world
e.g. ``Apocalypse
Go and sneak us through the rivers
Flood is rising up on your knees´´
 nouns

gospel /ˈɡɒspl/ apprentice /əˈprentɪs/

(from evergreen 7th edition –writing class) (from evergreen 7th edition –writing class)

- the complete truth - ​a young person who works for an

e.g. He wouldn't say employer for a fixed period of time in order
to learn the particular skills needed in their
this if it weren't the gospel truth.
job

chant /tʃɑːnt/ e.g. She left school at

(from evergreen 7th edition –writing class) 16 and trained as an
apprentice hair designer.
- words or phrases that a group of people
shout or sing again and again
legacy /ˈleɡəsi/
e.g. The crowd chanted ‘Don’t give up.' (from evergreen 7th edition –writing class)

- money or property that is given to you by

somebody when they die
e.g. They should look
at her real legacy in its
totality.
 nouns

investment /ɪnˈvestmənt/ whipping /ˈwɪpɪŋ/

(from verbal communication class) (from verbal communication class)

- the act of investing money in something
e.g. Karen has made a $1 million
investment in the company.
- an act of hitting somebody with a whip,
as a punishment
e.g. In Singapore, one
way to punish criminals
is whipping.

clout /klaʊt/
(from verbal communication class)
savvy /ˈsævi/
(from verbal communication class)​ - power and influence
- practical knowledge or understanding e.g. Edward used his clout to sell the
of something new perfume to his millions of
followers.
e.g. They come
back and are a lot
more savvy.

dress code /ˈdres kəʊd/
(from verbal communication class)
- ​rules about what clothes people should
wear at work, at school, in a restaurant or
club, etc.
e.g. Depending on your
office dress code, it would
be a nice outfit for work, too.
polka /ˈpɒlkə/
(from verbal communication class)
- ​a fast dance for two people together that
was popular in the 19th century; a piece of
music for this dance
e.g. For a casual day out,
you might consider a polka
dot dress.
nouns
aspiration /ˌæspəˈreɪʃn/
(from verbal communication class)
- a strong desire to have or do something
e.g. She was filled with the aspiration
to succeed in life.
stripe /straɪp/
(from verbal communication class)
- a​ long narrow line of colour, that is a
different colour from the areas next to it
e.g. Do vertical stripes make you look
slimmer?
 nouns

rebellion /rɪˈbeljən/ puppet /ˈpʌpɪt/

(from reading class’ extra material) (from reading class’ extra material))

- an attempt by some of the people in a - a model of a person or an animal that

country to change their government, using can be made to move, for example by
violence pulling strings attached to parts of its body
e.g. She's the or by putting your hand inside it
head of a rebellion e.g. He acts like you’re his
against the leaders puppet,don’t give him a
of the party. permission to do this.

delinquency /dɪˈlɪŋkwənsi/
(from reading class’ extra material))

- bad or criminal behaviour, usually of

young people
e.g. Bullying at school,
outside of school, and
even online is also some-
thing that could cause
delinquency.
3.Adverbs
forthwith /ˌfɔːθˈwɪθ/ preposterously /prɪˈpɒstərəsli/
(from verbal communication class) (from verbal communication class)

- ​immediately; at once - in a way that is completely unreasonable,

especially when it shocks or annoys you
e.g. You should go to the
hospital forthwith because your e.g. That is a preposterously high price.
son has been in a car accident.

inwardly /ˈɪnwədli/
(from verbal communication class)

- in your mind; secretly

colloquially /kəˈləʊkwiəli/
e.g. Most people inwardly dislike (from verbal communication class)

putting themselves out to help - in a way that is used in conversation but

other people. not in formal speech or writing, informally
e.g. Because a job interview is such a
serious event, one should not speak
colloquially to the interviewer .

stereotypically /ˌsteriəˈtɪpɪkli/
(from verbal communication class)
- in a way that is based on fixed ideas or
images of a particular type of person or
thing which are often not true in reality
e.g. Justin thinks that girls belong in
the kitchen because he
holds stereotypical
views about women.
profoundly /prəˈfaʊndli/
(from verbal communication class)
- in a way that has a very great effect on
somebody/something
e.g. It profoundly boosted the study of
ancient life.
adverbs
downhill /ˌdaʊnˈhɪl/
(from verbal communication class)
- towards the bottom of a hill; in a
direction that goes down
e.g. Things just go downhill from there.
unprecedentedly /ʌnˈpresɪdentɪdli/
(from a text that i’ve read)
- ​in a way that has never happened, been
done or been known before
e.g. Kanye unprecedentedly
interrupted Taylor while she was living
her enchanting moment.
 adverbs

disproportionately /ˌdɪsprəˈpɔːʃənətli/ frigidly /ˈfrɪdʒɪdli/

(from verbal communication class)
(from a text that i’ve seen on Instagram)

- i​ n a way that is too large - without showing any

or too small when compared friendly or kind feelings
with something else
e.g. I replied them
e.g. How else would we account for and then smiled frigidly.
black men being disproportionately
arrested for robbery and murder?
4.Adjectives
pivotal /ˈpɪvətl/ vindictive/vɪnˈdɪktɪv/
(from contextual grammar lesson) (from reading class’ extra material)

- of great importance because other things - showing a strong and

depend on it unreasonable desire to
e.g. Self-study and desire are pivotal harm or upset somebody
because you think that
to become successful in life. they have harmed you
e.g. Anna is a vindictive woman who
once burned all her husband’s clothes.
petty /ˈpeti/
(from reading class’ extra material)
grumpy /ˈɡrʌmpi/
- small and unimportant
(from verbal communication lesson)

- easily annoyed; in a bad mood

e.g. These are the petty notes that e.g.My next door neighbor is a grumpy
you don’t have to read them. old man that never speaks to anyone,
unless he’s yelling at kids
to get off his lawn.

intact /ɪnˈtækt/
(from verbal communication class)
- ​complete and not damaged
e.g. God blessed us because our home
was still intact after the destructive
tornado passed through our town.
tense /tens/
(from verbal communication class)
- (of a person) nervous or worried, and
unable to relax
e.g. He was so tense that I can’t even
say hi.
adjectives
constant /ˈkɒnstənt/
(from verbal communication class)
- happening all the time or
repeatedly
e.g. Every baby needs constant care.
forthcoming /ˌfɔːθˈkʌmɪŋ/
(from verbal communication class)
- going to happen, be published, etc. very
soon
e.g. Ugur hoca made an
announcement about forthcoming final
exams.
 adjectives

bejeweled /bɪˈdʒuːəld/ inflammatory /ɪnˈflæmətri/

(from the song called Bejeweled by Taylor Swift) (from verbal communication class)

- decorated with precious stones; wearing - intended to cause very strong feelings of
jewellery anger
e.g. ``Best believe e.g. The last thing we need are
I'm still bejeweled inflammatory comments from a
When I walk in the room man in a position of responsibility.
I can still make the whole place
shimmer´´ profane /prəˈfeɪn/
(from verbal communication class)

quirky /ˈkwɜːki/ - having or showing a lack of respect for

(from evergreen 7th edition page 117 –writing class) God or religion
- a little strange e.g. Because the comic’s jokes were
e.g. The cafe has become profane and offensive to our religion, we
famous because it has quirky left the show early.
drinks on its menu.
 adjectives

cosy /ˈkəʊzi/ gaunt /ɡɔːnt/

(from verbal communication class) (from verbal communication class)

- ​warm, comfortable and safe, - very thin, usually because

especially in a small space
of illness, not having enough
e.g. Janset is happy with food, or worry
her cosy room.
e.g. She was very gaunt
and fairly pale, but her
personality was like the glowing stars.
staple /ˈsteɪpl/
(from verbal communication class)

- forming a basic, large or important part greasy /ˈɡriːsi/

(from verbal communication class)
of something
- covered in a lot of oil
e.g. The staple crop is wheat.
e.g. There is no way
to stop your hair being
greasy for a long time.

constant /ˈkɒnstənt/
(from verbal communication class)
- happening all the
time or repeatedly
e.g. This constant thanking just wastes
time.
well trodden /ˌwel ˈtrɒdn/
(from verbal communication class)
- (of a road or path) much used
e.g. There are several well
trodden paths to the top.
adjectives
handy /ˈhændi/
(from verbal communication class)
- easy to use or to do
e.g. Handy drawing tools
let you create incredible drawings.
idiosyncratic /ˌɪdiəsɪŋˈkrætɪk/
(from verbal communication class)
- unusual and particular to a person or
thing
e.g. Daphne is well-known for her
idiosyncratic appearance
because she wears top
hats and bright colored
suits to the grocery store.
 adjectives

ubiquitous /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/ stuck /stʌk/

(from verbal communication class) (from verbal communication class)

- seeming to be everywhere or in several - ​unable to move or to be moved

places at the same time; very common
e.g. The song is stuck in my head.
e.g. If you have not noticed,
computers are everywhere
and have become ubiquitous
in everyday life. worn out /ˌwɔːn ˈaʊt/
(from verbal communication class)

- (of a thing) badly damaged and/or no

hangry /ˈhæŋɡri/ longer useful because it has been used a
(from verbal communication class)
lot
- angry or in a bad mood because you are e.g. The carpet on the stairs
hungry
is getting worn out.
e.g. People tend to get a bit hangry
when their blood sugar level drops.

decent /ˈdiːsnt/
(from verbal communication class)
- of a good enough standard or quality
e.g. Annie is a decent girl
who would help anyone in need.
spiteful/ˈspaɪtfl/
(from verbal communication class)
- ​unkind words or behaviour that are
intended to hurt or upset somebody
e.g. It was cruel and spiteful and it
ruined my life.
adjectives
fearsome /ˈfɪəsəm/
(from verbal communication class)
-​ making people feel very frightened
e.g. It was a fearsome
monster about 5 meters long.
budding /ˈbʌdɪŋ/
(from verbal communication class)
​- beginning to develop or become
successful
e.g. Budding writers are told to write
about what they know.

gritty /ˈɡrɪti/
(from evergreen 7th edition –writing class)
- ​showing the courage and
strength of mind to continue doing something
difficult or unpleasant
e.g. Moana is one of the bravest
princesses and her gritty personality
allowed her to face bears and save her
kingdom.
sturdy /ˈstɜːdi/​
(from verbal communication class)
- strong and not easily damaged
e.g. She was a short, sturdy woman in her
early sixties.
adjectives
reprehensible /ˌreprɪˈhensəbl/
(from verbal communication class)
- ​morally wrong and deserving criticism
e.g. The poor advice has combined with
reprehensible behaviour by bank
employees.
quaint /kweɪnt/
(from verbal communication class)
​- attractive in an unusual or old-fashioned
way
e.g. It is a quaint fashion show custom
that front-row celebrities wear
something that gives an indication of
their host's artistic intentions.
 adjectives

mediocre /ˌmiːdiˈəʊkə(r)/
(from verbal communication class)

- ​not very good; of only average standard

e.g. Their story could be amazing, or it
could turn into something mediocre.

resplendent /rɪˈsplendənt/
(from reading class extra material)),

- resplendent (in something) brightly

coloured in an impressive way
e.g. The sun coming out after the first
snowfall of the season made the little
village resplendent.
5.Idioms,phrasal verbs,collocations
cast out donkey’s years
(from reading class’ extra material)
(from verbal communication class)

- to get rid of somebody/something, - informal,a very long time

especially by using force e.g. I haven’t played volleyball for donkey’s
e.g. When I questioned years.I wish I could play well now.
their methods,they cast
me out of the group

pull something out of the hat it beats me

(from verbal communication class) (from verbal communication class)

- to suddenly produce something as a - a response when one does not know the
solution to a problem answer to a question
e.g. They didn’t expect that Taylor was e.g. It beats me how Selena can afford a
going to win 11 Grammys but she pulled new sport car when
awards out of the hat. she only works part
time.
 idioms,phrasal verbs,collocations

bury your head in the sand up the ante

(from verbal communication class) (from verbal communication class)

- to refuse to admit that a problem exists - to increase the level of something,

or refuse to deal with it especially your demands or the risks in a
situation
e.g. He’s a problem e.g. Zayn's contribution
solver in most situations,
but in your case, he was to up the ante.
wanted to bury his head
in the sand.

crease up give somebody a bell

(from evergreen 7th edition page 119 –writing class) (from verbal communication class)

- to start laughing or make somebody start - to call somebody by phone

laughing e.g. Give me a bell when you arrive,
e.g. The stand-up comedian okay?
had a few jokes that really
creased up the audience.

lo and behold
(from verbal communication class)
- used for calling attention to a surprising
or annoying thing
e.g. When I came in ,lo and
behold, I seen one of my high
school friend who lives in abroad.
get your hands dirty
(from verbal communication class)
- to do physical work including the parts
that are not enjoyable
e.g. She’d never get her hands
dirty helping houseworks.
idioms,phrasal verbs,collocations
let the cat out of the bag
(from verbal communication class)
- to tell a secret carelessly or by mistake
e.g. Sarah let the cat out
of the bag about her sister
surprise birthday party.
the penny drops
(from verbal communication class)
- used to say that somebody has finally
understood or realized something that
they had not understood or realized
before
e.g. I wonder will the penny drop for
Adnan, will he see the facts that
happen in front of him?
 idioms,phrasal verbs,collocations

make a monkey out of someone call it a day

(from verbal communication class) (from verbal communication class)

- to make somebody seem stupid - to decide or agree to stop doing

e.g. I’m not going to dance something
too much at the party because e.g. We decided our work was done
I don't want to make a monkey and called it a day.
out of myself in front of my parents.

be no picnic
(from verbal communication class) black out
- to be difficult and cause a lot of (from verbal communication class)

problems - to become unconscious for a short time

e.g. I love having little kids around but e.g. My blood sugar dropped so low
cleaning up after them is no picnic. during the meeting that I blacked out
and woke up on the floor.

put your money where your mouth is
(from verbal communication class)
- (informal) to support what you say by
doing something practical; to show by
your actions that you really mean
something
e.g. The government might
be obliged to put its money
where its mouth is to prove
its commitment.
keep someone posted
(from verbal communication class)
- keep someone informed of the latest
developments or news
e.g. Not much has happened
so far, but I’ll keep you posted.
idioms,phrasal verbs,collocations
stick up
(from evergreen 7th edition page 133 –writing class)
- to point upwards or be above a surface
e.g. You have got a
bit of hair sticking up at
the back.
laugh all the way to the bank
(from verbal communication class)
- (informal) to make ​a lot of money easily
and feel very pleased about it
e.g. Since we bought it,
the price of our house greatly
increased.So when we come to
sell it,we will be laughing all the
way to the bank.

make someone’s day
(from verbal communication class)
- to make somebody feel very happy on a
particular day
e.g. The day when the
album `Reputation´ was
released, literally made my day.
pull someone’s leg
(from verbal communication class)
- (informal) to play a joke on somebody,
usually by making them believe something
that is not true
e.g. Stop pulling my leg you
can’t have won the lottery,
you didn’t even buy a ticket.
idioms,phrasal verbs,collocations
jack of all trades
(from verbal communication class)
- ​a person who can do many different
types of work, but who perhaps does not
do them very well
e.g. If you need any work
doing to your house get my dad
round, he is a jack of all trades.
reinvent the wheel
(from verbal communication class)
- to waste time creating something that
already exists and works well
e.g. Don’t reinvent the wheel, we
already have a plan that seems to work
well.

don’t give up the day job
(from verbal communication class)
​- (informal, humorous) used to tell
somebody that they should continue doing
what they are used to, rather than trying
something new that they are likely to fail at
e.g. Do you really want to
be a writer? I read your first
book and my advice is don’t
give up the day job.
stem from
(from verbal communication class)
- (not used in the progressive tenses)to be
the result of something
e.g. Tom’s problems stem
from his difficult childhood.
idioms,phrasal verbs,collocations
put something down
(from verbal communication class)
- ​to stop holding something and place it
on a table, shelf, etc.
e.g. Emelie took the cake
from the oven and put it down.
be barking up the wrong tree
(from verbal communication class)
- ​(informal) to have the wrong idea about
how to get or achieve something
e.g. I am not the person who spread
those rumours about you, you
are barking up the wrong tree.
 idioms,phrasal verbs,collocations

frown on/upon sb/sth rack up something

(from verbal communication class) (from evergreen 7th edition –writing class)

- to think somebody/something is bad - to collect something, such as profits or

losses in a business, or points in a
e.g. This practice is frowned competition
upon as being wasteful.
e.g. Last year, they
racked up profits of
more than £3 million.
lap something up
(from evergreen 7th edition –writing class)
burn out
- ​(informal) to accept or receive something (from verbal communication class)
with great pleasure, without thinking
about whether it is good, true or sincere - ​(of a fire) to stop burning because there
is nothing more to burn
e.g. They just haven't been to school
before. They're so eager to learn, they e.g. I stopped to rest so many times on
lap it up. the stairs that I thought my candle
would burn out and leave me in
darkness.

vanish into thin air
(from verbal communication class)
- ​to disappear suddenly
in a mysterious way
e.g. I can’t remember
where I parked the car.I think
it’s vanished into thin air.
the heat is on
(from verbal communication class)
- it describes a high pressure situation
e.g. The deadline şs tomorrow and we
haven’t even started. The heat is really on
now.
idioms,phrasal verbs,collocations
eat your heart out
(from verbal communication class)
- to feel very unhappy,
especially because you want
somebody/something you cannot have
e.g. I've been practising all month and
think I’m getting pretty good. Want to hear
me sing? OK, here goes. Eat your heart out,
Taylor.
if the cap (shoe) fits ​
(from verbal communication class)
- if you feel that a remark applies to you, you
should accept it and take it as a warning or
criticism
e.g. You say your teacher
thinks you're lazy because you
never do your homework?
Well, if the cap fits!

six of one, half a dozen of the other
(from verbal communication class)
- used to say that there is not much real
difference between two possible choices
e.g. A: I don’t know whether to give my
mum flowers or choco-
lates for Mother’s Day.
B: It’s six of one, half a
dozen of the other.
not rocket science
(from verbal communication class)
- used to emphasize that something is easy to
do or understand
e.g. A: How do I cook this soup?
B: Come on Rob, it's not rocket science,
all you have to do is open the tin and
heat it up.
idioms,phrasal verbs,collocations
a leopard cannot change its spots
(from verbal communication class)
​- people cannot change their character,
especially if they have a bad character
e.g. John promised me that
he would stay out of trouble
at school, but I don't believe
him. A leopard can't change its spots.
all that jazz
(from verbal communication class)
- ​(informal) and things like that
e.g. I had a super lazy weekend. I woke
up late, got some coffee, went for a
walk, watched a couple of movies, all
that jazz.
6- Synonyms and Antonyms
word synonym antonym word synonym antonym

articulate communicative hesitant reiterate repeat take back

exalt glorify despise feign simulate sincere

inundate overwhelm underwhelm capitulate surrender resist

enact make law repeal align line up disrupt

furlough lay off reemployment dread fear look forward to

saturate soak dry out slur mumble enunciate

lean slant straight soar fly up plummet

bolster support undermine drain evacuate fill

slant slope straight merge join separate

 synonyms and antonyms

word synonym antonym word synonym antonym

intimidate frighten assure interpret explain confuse

tease make fun of please dehumanize brutalize humanize

shed dismiss hire convey exude retain

grapple tackle avoid sprout germinate stop

tackle go about lie down whisk hurry slow

acknowledge admit deny juggle alter neglect

procrastinate delay hustle cherry-pick select reject

strive attempt neglect tan bronze colorless

enthrall captivate bore concur agree disagree

 synonyms and antonyms

word synonym antonym word synonym antonym

mutter whisper speak out mitigation alleviation intensification

apposition compatibility dissimilarity propensity tendency hatred

rebate discount increase striving effort mail it in

orchard garden wasteland me time self care -

antics joke lame frenemy betrayer supporter

peacocking model be genuine la-la land dreamland real world

inquiry analysis ignorence jaundice icterus fresh

tergiversation apostatize frankness tantrum fit of rage happiness

aftermath chain reaction origin competency capacity incompetence

 synonyms and antonyms

word synonym antonym word synonym antonym

chore task cinch bush shrub -

conspiracy plan honesty nomophobia - -

jiggery pokery humbug trueness smombie - -

agony pain ease day out daytrip -

Derision mockery respect chariot wagon -

frenzy hysteria calm serpent snake -

torrent outburst - mold rot fresh

wannabe copycat genuine mahogany sorrel -

connotation hidden meaning - catchphrase sound bite nothings

 synonyms and antonyms

word synonym antonym word synonym antonym

bewilderment astonishment expectation freak unusual normal

phishing spoofing - insult snub compliment

proxy deputy dismiss bun bread -

heap mass not many slippery slope causal sequence -

graft transplant - gauge indicator estimate

man flu tight-assed serious illness rug carpet -

dysmorphia distortion self-love wound injury heal

midriff belly - affair case avocation

stigma shame honour greed avarice generosity

 synonyms and antonyms

word synonym antonym word synonym antonym

reign regime incapacity apocalypse devastation miracle

bigwig important nonentity gospel fact lie

person

memoir anectoda ignorance chant hymn -

disdain contempt admiration apprentice learner veteran

pension payment - legacy heritage -

ratio scale whole investment contribution divestment

stunt achievement failure savvy shrewdness inexperience

spouse bride foe whipping lashing -

auction sell-off - clout influence -

 synonyms and antonyms

word synonym antonym word synonym antonym

dress code standards on - profoundly completely partially

dress

polka daub clean downhill falling -

aspiration desire apathy unprecedentedly extraordinarily -

disproportionately incommen- proportionally
stripe ribbon -
surably
forthwith immediately sometime frigidly solemnly -

inwardly secretly outwardly pivotal central inessential

preposterously reasonlessly logically petty trivial important

colloquially conversationally - vindictive vengeful forgiving

stereotypically - - grumpy bad-tempered good-

humoured
 synonyms and antonyms

word synonym antonym word synonym antonym

rebellion defiance obedience quirky eccentric conventional

delinquency default achievement inflammatory provocative uncontroversial

puppet doll - profane secular sacred

resplendent gleaming gloomy cosy comfortable uncomfortable

intact unsevered damaged staple main minor

tense tight loose gaunt over-thin plump

constant sustained fitful greasy oily dry

forthcoming imminent past constant continual inconstant

bejeweled embellished bare well-trodden - -

 synonyms and antonyms

word synonym antonym word synonym antonym

handy useful inconvenient budding growing shrinking

idiosyncratic characteristic - gritty dusty smooth

ubiquitous omnipresent rare sturdy strapping puny

hangry - - reprehensible deplorable creditable

stuck unmovable movable quaint charming ordinary

worn out weary energetic mediocre common exceptional

decent acceptable unsatisfactory cast out bedeviled blessed

spiteful mean kind - - -

fearsome horrible pleasant - - -

 SOURCE
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