Passive 1(is done/

Study this example was built in 1961.

Thishouse
Was built is passive.
passive:
Compare active and
house in 1961. (active)
Somebody built thisobject
1961 subject

in 1961. (passive)
This house was built
subject

subject does:
verb, we say what the
When wve use an active this house in 1961.
grandfather was a builder. He built
My
big company. It employs two hundred people.
It's a subject:
passive verb, we say what happens to the
When we use a It was built in 1961.'
'How old is this house?'
employed by the company.
Two hundred people are
unimportant:
causes the action is often unknown or
the passive, who or what know who)
When we use
in the robbery. (somebody stole it, but we don't
Alot of money was stolen (does somebody clean it?- it's
not important who)
day?
Is this room cleaned every
use by:
or what causes the action, we
Ifwe want to say who does
This house was built by my grandfather. company.
Two hundred people are employed by the
participle (done/cleaned/seen etc.):
The passive is be (is/was etc.) + past (be) damaged (be) built (be) seen etc.
(be) done (be) cleaned
For irregular pastparticiples (done/seen/known etc.), see Appendix 1.
and past simple:
Study the active and passive forms of the present simple
Present simple
active clean(s) / see(s) etc. Somebody cleans thisroom every day.

passive am/is/are + cleaned/seen etc. This room is cleaned every day.

Many accidents are caused by careless driving.
I'm not invited toparties very often.
How is this wordpronounced?
Past simple
active cleaned/saw etc. Somebody cleaned this room yesterday.
passive was/were + cleaned/seen etc. This room was cleaned yesterday.
We were woken up by a loudnoise during the night.
'Did you go to the party?' 'No, Iwasn't invited."
How much money was stolen in the robbery?

Passive 2-3’ Units 43-44 By ’ Unit 128

21
Completethe sentences using one of these verbs in the
cause damage hold correct form, present or past:
overtake show surround invite make
translate write
1 Many accidents are
2Cheese
caused by dangerous driving.
from milk
2 The roof of the building
in astorm a few
wedding Why didn't you go? days ago.
4 You
to the
Cinema is a place where films
K A
6Inthel United States, elections fo president
book
7 Originally the in
every four years.
into English. Spanish, and a few years ago it
s Although we were driving fast, we
a You can't see the house from the road t by a lot of other cars.
by trees.
Write questions using the passive.Some are
present and some are past.
1Ask about glass. (how / make?) How is qlass made?
2 Ask about television. (when /invent?)
3Ask about mountains. (how / form?)
4Ask about antibiotics. (when / discover?)
5 Ask about silver. (what /use for?)
Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or
past simple, active or passive.
1It's a big factory. Five hundred people are employed (employ) there.
2 Did somebody clean (somebody / clean) this room
3 Water yesterday?
(cover) most of the earth's surface.
4 How much of the earth's surface
(cover) by water?
5 The park gates (lock) at 6.30 p.m. every evening.
6 The letter (send) a week ago and it (arrive) yesterday.
7The boat hit a rock and (sink) quickly. Fortunately everybody
(rescue).
8 Robert's parents (die) when he was very young. He and hissister
(bring up) by their grandparents.
9 Iwas born in London, but | (grow up) in Canada.
10 While I was on holiday, my camnera (steal) from my hotel room.
11 While Iwas on holiday, my camera (disappear) from my hotel room.
12 Why (Sue / resign) from her job? Didn't she enjoy it?
13 Why (Ben / fire) from his job? Did he do something wrong?
14 The company is not independent. It (own) by a much larger company.
15 Isaw an accident last night. Somebody (call) an anmbulance but nobody
(injure), so the ambulance (not / need).
16 Where (these pictures / take)? In London?
(you / take) them, or somebody else?
17 Sometimes it's quite noisy living here, but it's not a problem for me -
(not / bother) by it.
4) Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using somebody, they, people etc.,write a passive
sentence.
1Somebody cleans the room every day. The room is cleaned erery day.
< They cancelled all flights because of fog. All
3 People don't use this road much.
Somebody accused me of stealing money. I
5 How do How
people learn languages?
6 People warned us not to go out alone.
 TO Wing acIVe an passive forms:

Infinitive
active (to)do/clean/see etc. Somebody will clean this
passive (to) be +done/cleaned/seen etc.
room
This room will be cleaned later later
The situation is serious. Something must be done before it's too late.
Amystery is something that can't be explained.
The music was very loud and could be heard from a long way away.
Anew supermarket is going to be built next year.
Please go away. Iwant to be left alone.

Perfect infinitive
active (to) have + done/cleaned/seen etc. Somebody should have cleaned the room
passive (to) have been + done/cleaned/seen etc. The room should have
been cleaned
Ishould have received the letter by now. It might have
been sent to the wrong address
If you had locked the car, it wouldn't have been stolen.
There were some problems at first, but they seem to have been solved.

Present perfect
active have/has +done etc. The room looks nice. Somebody has cleaned it
passive have/has been + done etc. The room looks nice. It has been cleaned.
Have you heard? The trip has been cancelled.
Have you ever been bitten by a dog?
'Are yougoing to the party?' 'No, I haven't been invited.'
Past perfect
active had + done etc. The room looked nice. Somebody had cleaned it
passive had been + done etc. The room looked nice. It had been cleaned.
The vegetables didn't taste good. They had been cooked too long.
The car was three years old, but hadn't been used very much.

Present continuous
active am/is/are +(do)ing Somebody is cleaning the room at the moment.
passive am/is/are +being (done) The room is beingcleaned at the moment.
There's somebody walking behind us. Ithink we are being
D(in ashop) 'Can lhelp you?' 'No, followed.
thanks. I'm being served.'
Past continuous
active was/were +(dojing
Somebody was cleaning the room whenl arrived.
passive was/were + being (done) The room was being cleaned when Iarrivad
OThere was somebody walking behind us. I
think we were being followed.
Passive 1,3 ’ Units 42, 44
Exercises Unit
43
Whatdo these wordss mean? Use it can ... or it
31
Ifsomethingis can't....Use a dictionary if necessary.
1 washable, it can tbe washed
4 unusable,
2 unbreakable, it
5 invisible,
3 edible
6 portable,
2 Completethese sentences with the following verbs (in the correct form):
43
arrest carry cause do make repair send spend wake up
Sometimesyou needIhave (might have,should have etc.).
, The situation is serious. Something must be done before it's too late.
2Ishould have received the letter by now. It might
have been sent tothe wrong address.
3 Adecision will not until the next meeting,
4 Do you think that more money should oneducation?
5 This road is in very bad condition. It should along time ago.
6The injured man couldn't walk and had to
7Itold the hotel receptionist Iwanted to at 6.30 the next morning.
8 if you hadn't pushed the policeman, you wouldn't
q It's not certain how the fire started, but it might
electrical fault. by an

Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using somebody or they etc., write a passive sentence.
1Somebody has cleaned the room.
The room has been cleaned.
2 Somebody is using the computer right now.
The computer
3 Ididn't realise that somebody was recording our conversation.
I didn't realise that
4 When we got to the stadium, we found that they had cancelled the game.
When we got to the stadium, we found that
5 They are building a new ring road round the city.
6 They have built a new hospital near the airport.

43.4 Make sentences from the words in brackets. Sometimes the verb is active, sometimes passive.
1There's somebody behind us. (Ithink/we / follow) Ithink we're being followed.
2 This room looks different. (you / paint /the walls?) Hare you painted the walls?
3My car has disappeared. (it / steal!) It
4 My umbrella has disappeared. (somebody / take) Somebody
5 Sam gets a higher salary now. (he / promote) He
6 Ann can't use her office this week. (it / redecorate) It
7 There was a problem with the photocopier yesterday, but now it's OK.
(it / work) It again. (it /repair) It
8 When Iwent into the room, Isaw that the table and chairs were not in the same place.
(the furniture / move) The
9 Aneighbour of mine disappeared six months ago. (he /not / see /since then)
He
10 Twonder howJane is these days. (|/ not/ see /for ages)
T Afriendof mine was mugged on his vway home a few nights ago. (you / ever / mug?)

’
Additional exercises 22-24 (pages 314-15) 87
 Iwas offered we were given ... etc.

Some verbs can have two objects. For example, give:

Somebody gave the police theinformation. (= somebody gave the information to
object 1 object 2
the poice
So it is possible to make two passive sentences:
The police were given the information. or
The information was given to the police.
Other verbs which can have two objects are:
ask offer pay show teach tell

When we use these verbs in the passive, most often we begin with the person:
've been offered the job, but Idon't think Ill accept it. (= they have offered me the ink
You will be given plenty of time to decide. (= we will give you plenty of time)
Ididn't see the original document but Iwas shown a copy. (= somebody showed me)
Tim has an easy job - he's paid a lot of money to do very little. (= they pay him a lot)
I don't like being ...
The passive of doing/seeing etc. is being done /being seen etc. Compare:
active I don't like people telling me what to do.
passive Idon't like being told what to do.
Iremember being taken to the zoo when Iwas a child.
(=Iremember somebody taking me to the zoo)
Steve hates being kept waiting. (= he hates people keeping him waiting)
We managedto climb over the wall without being seen. (= without anybody seeing us)
I was born ...

We say 'Iwas born .. (not Iam born):

I was born in Chicago.
Where were you born? (not Where are you born?) past
but
How many babies are born every day? present
Get

You can use get instead of be in the passive:

There was a fight at the party, but nobody got hurt. =nobody was hurt)
I don't get invited to many parties. (=I'm not invited)
I'm surprised Liz didn't get offered the job. (= Liz wasn't offered the job)
We use get only when things happen. For example, you cannot use get in these
Jessica is liked by everybody. (not gets liked-this is not a 'happening')sentences:
Peter was a mystery man. Very little was known about him. (not got
known)
We use get mainly in informal spoken English. You can use be in all
situations.
We also use get in the following expressions (which are
not passive in meaning):
get married, get divorced
get dressed (= put on your clothes)
get lost (= not know where you are)
get changed (= change your clothes)

Passive 1-2’ Units 42-43

 Study this exampie situation
eNatly how Oid he is S
Ceorge s very oid Nobody nows
ears old
It is said that he s 108
old
or He is said to be 108 ears
years od
Both these sentenes mean Peopie say that he s 108

number of other verbs especially

You can use these structures with a
understood
alleged believed considered expected known reported thought
Compare the two structures

Cathy loves running

or She is said to run ten miles aday
It is said that she runs ten miles a day
The police are looking for a missing boy
or The boy is believed to be wearing
Itis believed that the boy is wearing a white sweater and blue jeans
a white Sweater and blue jeans
The strike started three weeks ago.
It is expected that the strike willend or The strike is expected to end soon
SOon
Afriend of mine has been arrested.
It is alleged that he hit a policeman or He is alleged to have hit apoliceman
The two houses belong to the same family.
It issaid that there is a secret tunnel or There is said to be a secret tunnel
between them.
between them.
a report about an accident
These structures are often used in news reports. For example, in
It isreported that two people were or Two people are reported to have
injured in the explosion. been injured in the explosion.

(Be)supposed to
Sometimes (it is) supposed to..= (it is) said to
iwant to see that film. It's supposed to be good.=it is said to be good)
Fireworks are supposed to have been invented in China. Is it true?

But sornetimes supposed to has a different meaning. We use supposed to to say what is intended.
arranged or expected Often this is different from the real situation:
The plan is supposed to be a secret, but everybody seems to know about it
(= the plan is intended to be a secret)
What are you doing at work? You're supposed to be on holiday.
(= you aranged to be on holiday)
Our guests were supposed to come at 730, but they were late.
Jane was supposed to phone me last night, but she didn't.
l'd better hurry. I'm supposed to be meeting Chris in ten minutes.
You're not supposed to do something =it is not allowed or advisable
You're not supposed to park your car here. it's private parking only.
Jeff is much better after his illness, but he's still not supposed to do any heavy work.
 Unit
Exercises 45
45.1 Writet these sentences in another way, beginning as shown. Usethe underlined word each time.
1 It is expectedthat the strike will end soon, The strike i5 expected to end s0on.
2 It is expected that the weather willbe good tomorrow
The weather is
3Itis believed that the thieves got in through a windowin the roof
The thieves
tisreported that many people are homeless after the floods
Many people
s Itis thought that the prisoner escaped by climbing over a wall
The prisoner
cItis alleged that the man was driving at 110 miles an hour.
The man
7 Itisreported that the building has been badly damaged bythe fire.
The building
8a It is said that the company is losing a lot of money.
The company
hItis believed that the company lost a lot of money last year.
The company
c It isexpected that the company will make a loss this year.
The company

There are a lot of rumours about Alan. Here are some of the things people say about him:
1
(Alan speaks ten languages. He knows a lot of famous people.

3 He has twelve children. 5

He is very rich. He was an actor when
he was younger. Alan
Nobody is sure whether these things are true. Write sentences about Alan using supposed to.
1 Alan is supposed to speak ten lanquaqes.
2 He
3
4
5

45:3) Complete the sentences using supposed to be +the following:

on a diet a flower my friend a joke a seeret working
1How is it that everybody seems to know about the plan? It is supposed to be a secret.
2 You shouldn't criticise me all the time. You
3 Ishouldn't be eating this cake really. I
4 I'm sorry for what Isaid. Iwas trying to be funny. It
SWhat's this drawing? Is it a tree? Or maybe it
6Youshouldn't be reading the paper now. You
4 Write sentences with supposed to +the following verbs:
block depart park phone start

Use the negative (not supposed to) where necessary.

1You re not supposed to park here. It's private parking only.
2 We work at 8.15, but we rarely do anything before 8.30.
3 Oh, I Helen last night, but l completely forgot.
4 This door is a fire exit. You it.
S My flight at 11.30, but it was an hour late.

Additional exercises 22-24 (pages 314-15) 91

Study this example situation.
The roof of Lisa's house was damaged in a storm.
Soshe called a builder, and yesterday a man
came and repaired it.
Lisa had the roof repaired yesterday.
This means: Lisa arranged for somebody else to
repairthe roof. She didn't repair it herself

LISA

arrange for somebody else to do something for us

We use have something done to say that we
Compare
Lisa repaired the roof. (= she repaired it herself)
to repair it)
Lisa had the roof repaired. (= she arranged for somebody else
'Did you make those curtains yourself?' Yes, Ienjoy making things.
'Didyou have those curtains made?' 'No, I made them myself."

object:
Be careful with word order. The past participle (repaired/cut etc.) is after the
have object past participle
Lisa had the roof repaired yesterday.
Where did you have your hair cut?
Your hair looks nice. Have you had it cut?
Our neighbour has just had a garage built.
We are having the house painted this week.
Howoften do you have your car serviced?
Ithinkyou should have that coat cleaned.
Idon't like having my picture taken.

Get something done

You can also say 'get something done' instead of 'have something done':
When are yougoing to get the roof repaired? (= have the roof repaired)
Ithinkyou should get your hair cut really short.
Sometimes have something done has a different meaning. For example:
Paul and Karen had their bags stolen while they were travelling.
This does not mean that they arranged for somebody to steal their bags. 'They had their bags stolen
means only: Their bags were stolen'.
With this meaning, we use have something done to say that something happens to
their belongings. Often what happens is not nice: somebody or
Gary had his nose broken in a fight. (= his nose was broken)
Have you ever had your bike stolen?
Exercises Unit

correctssentence, (a) or (b), for each

46
(/)
Tick the picture.
(2) (3) 4

SARAH BILL JOHN

SUE
Sarah is cutting (a) Bill is cutting his (a) John is cleaning (a) Sue is taking a
(a) hair.
herhair his shoes. picture.
(b) Sarah is having (b) Billis having his (b) John is having his (b) Sue is having her
herhair cut. hair cut. shoes cleaned. picture taken.

int
62 Putthe words the correct order.
,had/ afew weeks ago /the house/ we / painted
We had the house painted a few weeks ago.
serviced / her car / Sarah /once a year / has
Sarah
: twelve pounds / have / cleaned / it / mysuit / cost / to

4 myeyes /1/ two years ago / had / tested/ the last time / Was

s had / in the kitchen /fitted / some new cupboards /we've

6 as soon as possible /need / translated / we /to get / this document

63 Write sentences in the way shown.

repaired.
1Lisa didn't repair the roof herself. She had it
2 Ididn't cut my hair myself. I
3 We didn't clean the carpets ourselves. We
4 John didn't build that wall himself.
S Ididn't deliver the flowers myself.
something done.
64) Use the words in brackets to complete the sentences. Use the structure have
1 We're having the house painted (we / the house / paint) this week.
(another key / make).
2Ilost my key. I'll have to (you / your hair /cut)?
3 When was the last time
4 (you / a newspaper /deliver) to
your house every day, or do you go out and buy one?
5A What's happening in your garden? (we /agarage / build).
B. Oh,
6 A: (you / the washing machine / fix)?
week.
b. Not yet. There's someone coming to look at it next
youwant to wear earrings, why don'tyou
(you / your ears / pierce)?
Section D).
Now use 'have something done' with its second meaning (see / his nose /break).
8 Gary was in a fight last night. He had his nose broken (he
9 Did Itell you about
Jane?
(She / her credit cards /steal).
10
Security
was very strict at the airport.
(we all / our bags /search). 93