VI.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN MULTIGRADE CLASSES AND SPECIAL

MEDICAL GROUPS

VI.1. Physical education exercises in multigrade classes

Physical education exercises are carried out at the same time in

those groups with students studying in multigrade classes. The principle
of creating lessons, the methodology of their implementation, as well as
practical materials for educational work are common to the whole school.
1) One of the features of teaching work on physical education in
multigrade classes is the organization and conduct of lessons for different
classes at the same time. The main feature of physical education exercises
is that children perform different actions in different places (walking,
running, jumping, games, etc.). Those actions are performed in the same
place with the corresponding emotionality.
2) In practice, those lessons are organized in 3 variants:
The first option consists in the fact that physical education lessons
are held separately for each class. It is organized when there are many
students, but the teacher is alone. The teacher conducts lessons in 2
classes at the same time (I, II and III, IV, etc.) When the classes are divided
into classes, physical education classes are the last on the schedule.
These can be organized by having children come to school at different
times. If there are 4 lessons of the 1st grade, they come to school at the
usual time and teach. III classes come to school in the 2nd lesson, and
spend the 3rd lesson in one place. They pass the 4th lesson separately.
In the second option, physical education classes are held together.
Class I is combined with II, and class III is combined with class IV. At this
time, one teacher conducts physical education lessons, and the other
teaches singing, drawing or labor lessons.
In the third option, physical education lessons are held at the same
time with all the students of the school. Pupils take physical education
classes together under the condition that at first one teacher teaches at the
school. Secondly, the school is small and the number of students is small.
In addition, one teacher teaches all subjects in primary schools. Working in
such conditions is very complicated and difficult. Because at the same time,
teaching work is done with children of different ages, in different classes
and with different programs. Physical education lessons in the specified
classes should be conducted effectively if they include the necessary sports
equipment and supplies. If a physical education lesson is held in one class,
teaching material is taught with others based on their program, and various
tasks are given.

VI.2. Organization of physical training exercises in special medical

groups

The protection of children's health, starting from early school age, is

one of the main tasks set before the school by the Constitution of the
Republic of Azerbaijan. In secondary schools, health physical education
and sports activities are implemented mainly in two directions: in physical
education classes, during mass health events outside the classroom and
school. However, a group of students cannot perform the exercises in
physical education classes due to some health problems. In a number of
our schools, special classes are organized with children whose health does
not allow them to implement the program material. Thus, extracurricular
activities are conducted with those students twice a week (45 minutes each
time). Children with health defects, that is, those included in the special
medical group, are identified as a result of a doctor's examination. They are
divided into educational groups by the order of the school director. Physical
fitness, psychological characteristics and illness of those children are taken
into account at the time of training. In the basic and preparatory groups,
more characteristic movements are given for the development of qualities
such as speed, flexibility, strength, and endurance, while the movements
for the students of the special medical group are taught in a very limited
way. In particular, walking and running distances are shortened several
times. Experience shows that it is more appropriate to gradually increase
the physiological activity of the students' organism in connection with the
disease in a special medical group. In this sense, it is important to give
ample space to breathing movements in special medical groups, unlike the
basic and preparatory group. Breathing through the nose, exhaling through
the mouth and exhaling through the nose, breathing through the chest and
abdomen, as well as mixed breathing in lying and standing positions,
various movements of arms, squatting and semi-squatting, and various
breathing gaits for special medical groups consisting of students of I-II
classes. exercise is of great importance for health. It should be noted that
the health of students of the special medical group does not allow them to
perform rope climbing, pulling and acrobatic movements. Our advanced
teachers perform complex actions necessary for the formation of the goal
instead of those actions. At this time, children perform forward, backward,
right and left bending movements using flat tools placed vertically (a
wooden board, a wall, a vertical horizontal bar, a gymnastic wall, etc.). At
the same time, the teacher uses appropriate actions to develop the stature
of the children, and for the purpose of developing the sense of balance, he
makes them perform different types of movement elements of the same
name.
Observations show that having special medical group students
perform jumping exercises has a more positive effect on their health.
However, performing jumps is difficult and complicated compared to these
or other physical movements. There are running, pushing, flying and
landing phases (stages). Performing those phases in a complex way during
the jumping period is not very useful for sick children. Because the physical
development of the students does not allow to perform the actions as a
whole. During the training process, most of the students cannot perform the
movements correctly. Therefore, the elements of jumping should be taught
in parts to the students of the special medical group. Otherwise, it can
cause a violation of the function of breathing and blood circulation. For this
purpose, before moving on to jumping movements, he should first teach the
students the technique of running, pushing, flying and landing correctly.
Then he should practice proper breathing in each of these phases. After
that students should be taught the following simple actions: jumping on the
spot with a light fall to the ground; hopping on both feet on a rotating rope
with certain breaks; jump to a height of 30-40 cm; jumping off the gymnastic
bench and carefully falling to the floor; short distance running and long
jump; 60-80 cm long jump with proper landing; jumping over 70-80 cm high
gymnastic mats stacked on top of each other and etc.
Classes I-II, starting from classes III, should be given to students with
slightly more complicated actions and games. In special medical group
exercises (III-IV classes), it is useful to use the following actions: jumping
over an obstacle by running and pushing on two legs and then sitting on
one's own knees; kneeling squat jumps; jumping to the ground without
straightening the trunk; jogging with shortened steps; long jump with the
"leg twist" method and high jump with the "stepping" method.
Bronchial asthma, heart disease, etc. It is recommended to conduct
exercises with small school-age children in the open air. It is necessary to
pay special attention to cross-country training during trainings organized in
open and fresh air. Because, in addition to being different, the actions given
for the purpose of cross-country training have a general developmental
effect on the child's organism. When the elements of cross-country training
are colorful and interesting, students do it enthusiastically. The important
aspect of these actions is that the students gradually encounter certain
difficulties, even if they are few, and their will gradually strengthens. In
cross training, it is necessary to properly distribute the physical load, and
take breaks for the students as often as possible. At this time, they rest and
give rest to the body. It is useful to carry out the following actions in
cross-country preparation exercises: organizing walks to the surroundings,
free walking, gradually replacing it with fast walking, alternating walking
with jogging (20 m free walking, 10 m ordinary running, etc.), passing the
ball to each other, receiving (for classes I-II); 30-35 m, 20 m medium speed
walking on park and forest paths with small and large steps (for classes
III-IV, etc.).
Students of the special medical group are not evaluated on a 5-point
system, they are marked as acceptable and unacceptable. Those students
are exempted from performing physical activities and participating in
competitions according to the eight-year school program. We must not
forget that the participation of students who are exempted from physical
education classes is mandatory. In many schools of Baku, attention has
recently been paid to the organization of classes for students with
disabilities. 4) At present, schoolchildren with physical development
and functional capabilities, who have disabilities in their stature and
legs, have extracurricular activities twice a week. These exercises are
transferred to the account of the director's fund by the order of the director.
It is organized with 15-20 students who are included in the special medical
group. Such exercises are carried out with a special physical education
program and are completed by classes. That is, I-II, III-IV, etc. Simple
breathing movements, walking, running, jumping movements, dynamic
games, sports entertainment, elements of sports games are given a lot of
space in those exercises. Trainings for students of special medical group
have less space for stretching, complex gymnastics, running and jumping
movements. Those exercises are not with tension, but with high mood and
positive emotionality. It is arranged delicately, mainly at a low and medium
tempo, harmoniously and rhythmically accompanied by music. This
increases the functional capabilities of the students, they perform the
actions easily. It is advisable to make extensive use of movements with
objects (gymnastic bars, cubes, balls, rings, ropes, etc.) in training with
special medical group students. This has a positive effect on the general
physical development and preparation of students.
The exercises organized for the medical group should consist of 3
parts, like a regular physical education lesson.
In the preparatory part (10-12 min.), the body should be "warmed
up", it should be focused on the tasks set for the main part. The
movements selected for the preparatory part are aimed at different muscle
groups of the students, increasing coordination of movement, increasing
speed, flexibility and endurance, and strengthening will. For that purpose,
general development complex actions (with and without objects) are used.
Complex movements should consist of 3-4 movement combinations and be
combined with natural movements - walking, running, jumping, balancing,
stretching, crawling, etc. should be rich with. To increase the activity of
students, it is useful to use dynamic games and entertainment with general
development actions.
In the main part, the habits of different types of movements are
inculcated. About 30-35 minutes in the main part. Time is wasted. In this
part of the lesson, in addition to learning the movement technique, the
development of movement qualities is an important task for the students. In
the main part, gymnastic movements and dynamic games should be held.
In the complementary part - movements that calm the body - simple
walking and running, breathing movements, movements that increase
mental activity, homework are given. The lesson is concluded, those who
actively participated in the lesson are evaluated positively, etc.