1) 'Greatest contribution of positivist school to the development of criminal science lies

in the fact that attention of criminologist was drawn for the first time towards
personality of criminal rather than crime or punishment." Comment.
OR
Positivists pioneered scientific understanding of crime and criminality. Critically
analyze their contribution in understanding of crime, formulation of criminal policy
and criminal justice Adıninistration.
OR

Though Lambroso, Ferri and Garofalo contributed to the growth of a positivist school
of Criminology, each of them propounded different causes for criminality”. Elaborate your
answer.

OR

Positivist and classical criminology in reality are part of the same enterprise, however, basic
controversy between them is empirical rather than theoretical.” Critically comment on this
statement.

OR

Though Persons are not born as Criminals, yet born with Defects of the mind or body, they
are potentially criminals”- Examine the statement.

2. ·''Criminal behaviour is learnt and not inherited." Elucidate the above statement in the
context of differential association theory' · as explaining deviant behaviour
3."Bonger theory of relation of crime and poverty is an extension of Marxian approach to
crime.'' Comment
OR
Discuss briefly Bongers Economic theory and criminality. Explain its relevance to
changing the economic policy of India from socialistic to capitalistic.

4. Crime is inevitable in society and is a universal phenomena." Comment explaining

the concept of crime.
5. Capital Punishment in India should be retained or abolished ? Give your opinion and
also discuss the legislative policy and judicial response vis-a-vis capital punishment in
India.
OR
Death penalty jurisprudence has continuously evolved in India since the time of
independence. Critically evaluate the legislative policy and judicial approach with
respect to death penalty in India. Cite relevant reports and case law.

6. “Judicial activism of the Apex Court in India has secured for victims of crime a
proper place in the criminal justice process.” Comment in the light of various judicial
decisions.
 (OR)

“It has now been felt that we have cared too much for the criminal and his
rehabilitation but very little for the victim.” Discuss in the light of judicial activism in
granting compensation to the victim of crime
OR
Efforts made by Indian Judicial Administration with respect to compensating victims
of crime have further been supported by the recent amendments in Criminal
Procedure Code”. Discuss.
7. What are the salient features of Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children)
Act, 2015? 
(OR )
In many ways, the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 is
a forward-looking and comprehensive enactment that provides for dealing with
children in conflict with the law and those requiring care and protection. However, its
laudable features have been overshadowed by one provision that states that children in
the 16-18 age group will henceforth be tried as adults if they are accused of
committing ‘heinous offences’. Comment.

Who are Juveniles in conflict with law, and how does the Indian Justice System
handle them?
OR
Evaluate the origin and development of Juvenile Justice in India

8. Prisons in modern India serve as institutions of reformation of offenders. However,

they suffer from certain problems which need immediate attention otherwise they will
be nothing else than the breeding grounds of delinquency.” In the light of the above
statement, briefly discuss the reforms which are on foot in India with regard to
prisons.

(OR)
Police reforms and jail reforms are urgently required to ensure a better criminal
justice system in India. Discuss with the help of case law
OR
Explain the Indian Policing System and examine custodial death and its implication
under Judicial Responses.
9. Describe some Computer related White Collar Crimes, prevailing in the Cyber Space.
OR
The latest developments in Information Technology and Electronic Media have given
rise to a new variety of Computer related Crimes- Explain
 SHORT NOTES
1. Wanchoo Committee Report.
2. Utilitarian theory of punishment.
3. Neo-classical School
4. Lionel Fox.
5. Hedonism.
6. Criminology as a social science.
7. Legal and social definition of crime
8. Importance of the study of criminology

9. Cyber Crime

10. Human Trafficking.

11. Intellectual Property Crime.