Name: Abdul Rafay Bhatti.

Roll Number: 09.

Department: Metallurgy and Materials.
Batch: 22-F.

Scalar/Dot Product
Definition:
“The product in which the result of multiplication of 2 vectors come out to be scalar is
commonly knows as Scalar Product or Dot Product.”

Denoted By:
The Scalar Product of 2 Vectors A and B is denoted by A • B.

Find By:
The resultant will always be a Scalar and it can be calculated by simple Arithmetic.

Formula:
 If θ is the angle between the given two
vectors A and B, then the formula for the cross
product of vectors is given by:

A • B =|A| |B| cos θ

 For cross product of Parallel Vector:

A • B =|A| |B| cos θ

Θ=90, cos 0 = 1
A • B =|A| |B|
  For cross product of Perpendicular Vector:
(Resultant will always be a Unit Vector)

A • B =|A| |B| cos θ

Θ=0, cos 90 = 0
A • B = 0

Where 0 is a unit vector.

Properties:
Dot product follows the following properties:
Commutative Property
a.b=b.a
a.b=|a||b|cosϴ
a.b=|b||a|cosϴ
Distributive Property
a.(b+c)=a.b+a.c
Bilinear Property
a.(rb+c)=r.(a.b)+(a.c)
Scalar Multiplication Property
(xa).(yb)=xy(a.b)
Orthogonal Property
Two vectors are orthogonal (Perpendicular) only if a.b=0

Example:
  Let there be two vectors [6, 2, -1] and [5, -8, 2]. Find the
dot product of the vectors.
Solution:ß
Given:
[6, 2, -1] and [5, -8, 2] be a and b respectively.
a.b = |a||b|
a.b = (6)(5) + (2)(-8) + (-1)(2)
a.b = 30 – 16 – 2
a.b = 12.
 Let there be two vectors |a|=4 and |b|=2 and θ = 60°. Find
their dot product.
Solution:
Given:
4 and 2 be a and b respectively.
a.b = |a||b|cos θ
a.b = 4.2 cos 60°
a.b = 4.2 × (1/2)
a.b = 4.

Vector/Cross Product
Definition:
“The product in which the result of multiplication of 2
vectors come out to be Vector is commonly knows as
Vector Product or Cross Product.”

Denoted By:
The Vector Products of two vectors A and B is denoted
by A × B.

Find By:
The resultant will always be a Vector and it can be
calculated with RIGHT HAND THUMB RULE.

Formulas:
 If θ is the angle between the given two
vectors A and B, then the formula for the cross
product of vectors is given by:

A × B =|A| |B| sin θ

Where A and B are two vectors, and θ is the angle

between them.

 For cross product of Perpendicular Vector:

A × B =|A| |B| sin θ

Θ=90, sin 90= 1
A × B =|A| |B|
  For cross product of Parallel Vector:
(Resultant will always be a Unit Vector)

A × B =|A| |B| sin θ

Θ=0, sin 0= 0
A × B = 0

Where 0 is a unit vector.

Properties:
Cross product follows the following properties:

Example:

Find the cross product of the given two vectors:

Solution:
Given:
To find the cross product of two vectors, we have to write the
given vectors in determinant form. Using the determinant
form, we can find the cross product of two vectors as:

By expanding,

Therefore,