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ARTES SCIENTIA VERITAS

 Pollo
ck &
ames T. Colleet

TAMMANY

1786 1924

A PATRIOTIC HISTORY

Including a DIRECTORY of the

NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC CONVENTION

Issued by
THE NEW YORK COUNTY DEMOCRATIC COMMITTEE
Tammany Hall 145 East 14th Street

New York City, June, 1924

。
The Story of Tammany

Democratic Party, New York , N A

Compiled by
EDWIN P. KILROE ABRAHAM KAPLAN

JOSEPH JOHNSON

Issued by
DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATION , NEW YORK COUNTY
Tammany Hall 145 East 14th Street

JUNE , 1924
 THE LATE CHAS . F. MURPHY
For Twenty-two Years the Leader of Tammany Hall
Sachem, 1898-1924
 stacks
JK
Purf . James K. P, Cook
2319
PREFACE N56
13 ?
HE monograph here presented provides a brief sur
2 vey of the achievement of Tammany ; it gives in
outline the part played by Tammany in the forma
tion and the perpetuation of our national traditions and
political institutions as well as in the stimulation of the
growth and development of New York City — the American
Metropolis . Its purpose is to recall , in review , some of
Tammany's tremendously important services in the cause of
American patriotism and to epitomize the actual workings
of that institution .
Tammany is inseparable from New York - it is as much
a part of the world's greatest city as is Broadway or Central
Park . The growth and development of Tammany and New
York City are so closely knitted that the history of one is
the history of the other.
From the ranks of Tammany came the builders of our
great city --the men who shaped the policies and formulated
the plans which fostered the city's growth.
Tammany's great public services to the city and to the
Nation were performed with an unselfish earnestness that
won the respect of its contemporaries. For this work its
membership and plan of organization rendered it pecu
liarly fit.
Tammany Hall has survived more than a century and a
quarter of storm and stress during which it has exerted a
decisive influence upon the life of the American Common
weath . This institution has participated in numberless
movements of social , political and civic import ; every epoch ,
every year , has seen its affirmative acts. The history of
no other similar institution is so fraught with epoch -making
precedents, nor presents a more useful illustration of the
working out of our republican forms and the healthy growth
of the sinews of true democracy.

These traditions and this environment brought forth

Charles F. Murphy, the beloved and lamented head of Tam
many Hall . Courage , patience , charity , loyalty and in
tegrity were the attributes which made of the poor East
Side boy a great leader and a fine exemplar of the type of
manhood that has made Tammany a national institution .
 The Society of Tammany

HE American Indian has contributed to our history and

the Onondagas, and Tammany, a sachem of the Delawares” .

Hiawatha conceived and founded the great Iroquois Confed
eracy 3 , America's first Republic, a potent influence for the
promotion of peace and amity among the Indian nations ;
history and literature have accorded undying fame to this great
lawgiver and reformer of an aboriginal race.
The name of Tammany is preserved in history by a series
of unusual events, while in literature, as the patron saint oi
our country his fame is perpetuated by legends, odes and
poems. He is also honored as the patron and guiding spirit
of a patriotic and fraternal movement that gave rise to a
society which has developed into a powerful patriotic and
political organization .
Tammany, tutelary saint of America, as a character stands
unique. Much has been written concerning his virtue, prowess
and achievements ; and about his memory a kind and bounteous
tradition has woven numberless romances which rival the tales
of Heracles and Theseus, and give him a place in the Indian
ldre of America analagous to that held by those demi-gods
in ancient Greek mythology . This Nestor of the American
Indians, whom tradition pleasingly describes as the embodi
ment of wisdom and honor, and whose ability, benevolence,
nobility and diplomatic savoir faire brought to him immortal
renown , was a sachem of the Lenni-Lenâpé or Delaware In
dians. His achievements and his death are shrouded in
1 " The name of Hiawatha is made famous in our literature by Longfellow in his
poem “ The Song of Hiawatha.” Longfellow based his poem on the legend of
Hiawatha, by Schoolcraft who, evidently confused Hiawatha with Manabozho, a
fantastic deity of the Ojibways and thus “ a grave Iroquois lawgiver of the fifteenth
century has become in modern literature an Ojibway demigod.” The Term Indian
Summer ( Boston , 1902 ) , by Albert Matthews, p . 46 .
2 The Lenni-Lenâpé or Delaware Indians were the most powerful and exalted tribe
of the Eastern Algonquin Confederacy ; the other tribes assigned to them special
dignity and authority ; the early settlers called them Delaware after Lord de La
Warre. They lived on the banks of the Delaware River in detached tribes under
different sachems, occupying the entire valley from its source to its Mouth . This
proud and powerful nation once held undisputed sway over the eastern part of the
American Continent, but some time prior to 1694 they were conquered by the
Iroquois Confederacy, or Five Nations , and were reduced to a humiliating condition
of political vassalage.
? The Iroquois Confederacy was remarkable in construction and ideals and in
cluded in its scope the establishment of peace and amity between all tribes of men .
Lossing, the historian , refers to it as " a practical example of an almost pure
democracy most remarkably developed .”
5
mystery, while only a short period of his life is actually open
to the scrutiny of research.
For years he is known to have been in contact with the
whites, but during that period the early settlers left no written
historic record. His accomplishments and importance have
passed on to posterity by reason of the profound impression
his force of genius and charm of personality made upon his
contemporaries.

Some Authentic History.

The authentic history of Tammany 4 is short and simple,

and the events recorded relate solely to land transactions with
the white settlers . His name is first presented in writing, to
the civilized world, on June 23 , 1683 , when he affixed his
mark to a deed of that date , granting to William Penn , Pro
prietor,
all my Lands Lying betwix Pemmapecka and Nessaminehs Creeks,
and all along Nesheminehs Creeks * * * for ye Consideration of
so much Wampum , so many Guns, Shoes, Stockings. Looking
glasses , Blankets and other goods as he, ye sd William Penn shall
please to give unto me. "

On that same day, Tammany and Metamequan , another

Sachem , executed a joint deed and affixed their respective
marks thereto , granting to William Penn the identical lands
that Tammany had conveyed in the previous deed ; and at the
same time executed a receipt for the consideration received .
with which “ We doe hereby hold ourselves fully contented
and satisfyed 6."
On June 25 , 1683, the name of Tammany appears with four
other Indian names in witness to a deed given by Wingbone
to William Penn for
Lands Lying on ye West side of ye Skolkill River beginning from
ye first Falls of ye same all along upon ye sd River and Backward
of ye same, so farr as my right goeth .”

His name is again presented for our consideration in a letter

written by William Penn to the Society of Traders on August
* Heckewelder (History of the Manners and Customs of the Indian Nations ,
Phila . 1819, p. 300 ), spells the name “ Tamanend” and gives its significance as
“ Affable." John D. Prince, Professor of Semetic Language at Columbia Uni
versity, states ( Aug. 10 , 1910 ) , “ the name means 'the deserving" or 'worthy one',
a very appropriate designation for an Indian Chief of the Importance of the
original Tammany."
5 Penna. Archives ( First series ) Vol. I : p. 62 .
• ibid, p. 64.
? ibid. P, 65 .
6
 W

Tamanen .
June 23, 1683 .

Trumconen .
June 23 , 1683 .

s
Tuina neil (Receipt for Moncy ).
June 23 , 16837

King Tumanent.
June 15 , 1692.
Signatures of Tamenend ( Saint Tammany ) the Chief of the
Delaware Indians to land grants to William Penn , Provin
cial Governor of Pennsylvania.
16 , 1683.8 In speaking of the Lenâpé or Delaware Indians,
Penn says :
Their language is lofty yet narrow : *** I must say that I
know not a language spoken in Europe, that hath words of more
sweetness, in accent or emphasis, than theirs ; for instance,
TAMENE, Secane, Menase, Secaterius, are the names of persons.
On June 15 , 1692 , the name, with those of three other
Indians, appears on a quit-claim deed ” . By this instrument
they acknowledged
full Satisfaction for all that Tract of Land formerly belonging
to TAMINENT and others which wee parted with unto William
Penn, Proprietor. * * * Therefore wee Doo hereby acquitt, release
& discharg the said proprietor his Heirs & Successrs from any fur
ther claims, dues & demands whatsoever, Concerning the said Lands
or any other Tract of Land claimed by us from the beginning of
the World to the date of the date hereof.

This sweeping conveyance in legal effect wiped out all of Tam

many's land claims in Pennsylvania. In this business transac
tion his native shrewdress, as might be expected , was appar
ently over-matched , for the 'white representatives of the Pro
prietor out- traded him and drove a good bargain .
The name of Tammany next appears in the minutes of a
meeting of the Pennsylvania Provincial Council, held in Phila
delphia on July 6, 1694. The particular business of the Coun
cil was to confer with the Delaware Indians concerning a
proposition made by the Seneca Nation , to have the Delawares
join the Senecas in a war against the French . The minutes
of this meeting contain the only record of a speech made by
Tammany that may be considered authentic . During the con
ference according to the Council record, Tammany spoke of
the whites as follows :
We and the Christians of this River have allwayes had a free
rode way to one another, & tho' sometimes a tree has fallen across
the 'rode yet wee have still removed it again & kept the path
clean, and wee design to Continou the old friendshipp that has been
between us and you .

The Council assured the Indians that the English were their
friends and would protect them from both the French and the
Senecas, " So they all departed verie well satisfied with the Lt.
Governor's answer 10.”
Again , the names of Tammany and four members of his
household — his two sons , his brother and the heir -apparent to
8 W. Penn . Works (London , 1782 ) IV : 305 .
9 Penna . archives ( First series ) 1 : 116 .
10 Penna . Colonial Records 1 : 447 .
8
the chieftancy of the Delaware Nation - appear in a deed dated
July 6, 1697 11, of which the following excerpt is pertinent :
We, TAMINY Sachimach and Weheeland, my Brother and Wee
heequeckhon, alias Andrew , who is to be King after my death ,
Yaqueekhon alias Nicholas, and Quenemeckquid, Alias Charles,
my sonns, for the Consideration of Twenty Matchcoats, Twelve
White Blankets, Ten Kettles, Twelve Guns , Thirty Yards of
Shirting Cloth , one Runlett of Powder, Ten Barrs of Lead , fforty
yards of Stroud Waters, Twenty Parrs of Stockins, one Horse ,
ffifty pounds of Tobacco, Six Dozens of Pipes and Thirty Shill
ings in Cash *** Do give, grant , alien, sell, enfeoff and confirm
unto the said William Penn, his Heirs and Assigns, All the Lands,
Woods, Meadows, Rivers , Rivulets, Mines , Minerals, and Royalties
Whatsoever, situated lyeing and being Between the Creek called
Pemopeck and the creek called Neshaminy, in the said Province
Extending in Length from the River Delaware, so farr as a horse
can Travel in Two Summer dayes, and to carry its breadth , accord
ingly as the several Courses of the said two Creeks will · Admit ,
And when the said Creek do so branch that the main Branches or
bodies thereof cannot be discovered , Then the Tract of Land hereby
granted, shall stretch forth upon a direct course on each side and
so carry on the fful Breath to the extent of the Length thereof.

We again find the name of Tammany in print in 1698 in

an article by Gabriel Thomas, who arrived in America shortly
after the landing of William Penn and spent some fifteen years
among the early settlers . On his return to London he pub
lished an interesting account of his experiences in America ,
in which he alludes to Tammany.
This brief record of Tammany's dealings with the English
settlers completes his authentic biography. It discloses merely
a series of business relations in each of which the Chief ap
pears to have been outbargained by the business tact and
shrewdness of his white neighbors. With the mere reference
to his name by Thomas in 1698 , Tammany or Tamenend
passes from history .
In the year 1771 Tammany is introduced to the American
colonists in the guise of a Saint , with the First day of May
set aside as sacred to his name. How this remarkable trans
formation took place, and why Tammany, the chief of an
Indian Tribe , was selected for colonial canonization , are
debatable questions .
In the reports of festal gatherings held in Philadephia it is
related in the Freeman's Journal of that city that on May 1 ,
1783 , “ the portraiture of our true old Saint with his well
known motto ' Kawanio Chee Keteru ' ” 12 was displayed at
the head of the banquet table and that at the celebration of
11 Penna. archives ( First series ) 11 , 124.
12 Freeman's Journal, Phila . May 3 , 1783 ; May 2 , 1785 .
9
May 1 , 1785 , " the flag of the United States ornamented with
a fine figure of St. Taminy was displayed in the centre ” ; and
on May 1 , 1786 , “ The standard of St. Tammany was displayed,
supported on the right by the flag of France , and on the left
by that of the United States of Holland ." Local tradition
is that during the revolution Pennsylvania Troops carried a
flag that bore the portrait of St. Tammany .
William Penn, thus depicted the Chief :
We found him an old man , but yet vigorous in mind and body,
with high notions of liberty , easily won by the suavity and peaceful
address of the Governor.

James Fenimore Cooper, gave what purports to be a full

description of Tammany and reveals him presiding over a
Council of the Delawares in the neighborhood of Lake George,
New York , in the year 1757 13 .
“ I am Tamanend of many days" the Chief is credited with
stating in the story to emphasize Cooper's idea of the great
age of Tammany. The description, however, is based on
legends and traditions current when Cooper wrote in 1825 .
Tradition has it that Tammany was the first Delaware Chief
to welcome Penn on his arrival in America , on October 27 ,
1682 , and that he was present, in June, 1683 , at the Great
Treaty ụnder the Elm at Schakamaxon . History , however ,
has left no record of the persons who were present on these
two occasions. Indians in attendance at the Treaty were the
entire tribe of the Susquehannocks and the Unami and
Unalachtigo clans of the Delawares 14 . The object of the
meeting was to confirm the land grants previously made to
William Penn , and to negotiate a treaty of friendship ,“ to last
as long the sun should shine and the waters run into the
rivers."
The abiding place of Tammany has been assigned by history
to Wilmington , Delaware ; Princeton , New Jersey ; Easton ,
Scranton and Delaware Water Gap , Pennsylvania ; the upper
Ohio Valley ; Northern New York ; and Tammany Flats,
Damascas Township. Wayne County , Pennsylvania . It is
known that at one period his abode was on the lower Delaware
River and along the fertile banks of the Neshaminy creek in
Bucks County, Pennsylvania, on the land which , between 1683
and 1697, he conveyed to William Penn.
13 “ The Last of the Mohicans” chap . 28 , line 330 .
14 At this meeting Tammany is said to have given Wm. Penn a wampum belt of
peace, which is still preserved in the Historical Society of Penna.-- History of
Wilkes- Barre (Wilkes- Barre, Pa . 1909 ) , by Oscar Jewell Harvey, 1 : 113 .
10
Wampum belt said to have been given to William Penn by Chief
Tamenend in June, 1683 , at the Great Treaty under the Elm
at Schakamaxon.
 Three places, widely separated, claim the grave of Tammany .
The view that he was buried on the spot where now stands
Nassau Hall at Princeton , New Jersey, has no reliable data
to support it . For the story that he was buried at Muskingum ,
Ohio, and a huge mound erected over his grave , no confirma
tion whatever can be found .
An elaborate set of circumstances is advanced as evidence of
his burial beside a spring near the bank of the Neshaminy
creek in New Britain township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania .
Tradition of that vicinity relates that about 1740 or 1750
an aged chief with his followers was proceeding to attend
a conference with the Pennsylvania Proprietaries at Philadel
phia . The chief, too infirm to walk , was carried by younger
members of the party . They halted near a spring, where a
hut was built for the old man . When night came on they
decamped, leaving the old man under the care of an Indian
girl . On awakening the following morning, he became so
distressed and enraged at finding himself deserted that he
sought death by stabbing himself ; but his weakness frustated
this attempt. Persevering in his endeavor to take his own
life , he set fire to his bed of leaves and threw himself upon it.
The other Indians, who , in the absence of their chief , were
denied an audience by the Proprietaries, returned to the hut
and found the old man dead . The white settlers had the body
buried near the hut, in the presence of the other Indians .
This legend of Tammany's death which found favor in the
popular imagination , supplied the theme for odes and poems,
and its action was reproduced in pantomime as a part of the
ceremonial of the early Tammany societies ' celebrations 15 .
It is evident that the chief buried was not Tammany, for if
Tammany had been alive as late as 1749 he would scarcely
have escaped the attention of the Moravian Missionaries who
began their work among the Delaware Indians as early as
1742. There is no direct evidence of the date of Tammany's
death, but from collateral facts it would seem that he was
called to his fathers about 1698 , for in that year Owhala ( or ,
Ochale , Owechela ), who has been identified as Tammany's
brother , is mentioned in the Maryland Council Records as
King of the Delawares .
However, this tradition is still cherished in that locality,
and the Bucks County Historical Society has recently pur
chased the ground where the supposed Tammany was buried
15 New York Journal and Patriotic Register, May 19, 1792.
12
 and has selected a monument to be erected over the grave ,
bearing this inscription :
To the Memory of
The Celebrated Lenâpé Chieftain
TAMENEND .
Once owner of this and all land Between
Neshaminy and Pennypack creeks . These
stones are placed at this_spot near which
an aged Indian called Tammany by the
pioneers of Bucks County was buried by
white men about the year 1750.
It is said that Tammany adopted the motto “ Kwanio Che
Keeteru ,” which has been translated as “ I am master wher
ever I am .” The phrase is ancient, for in 1747 the Schuylkill
Fishing Company , a social club, presented to the Association
Battery, a local Company of Militia, a “ new thirty -two
pounder" cannon on which was stamped the words said to
have been the motto of the venerable Chief Tammany. This
cannon was used during the Revolutionary War , and on
April 23 , 1783 , was restored to the Fishing Company. The
phrase was later according to the Philadelphia Independent ,
adopted as the motto of the Society of the Sons of St. Tam
many in Philadelphia.
An interesting phase of the research concerning Tammany
is presented by the Walam Olum , a record purporting to
preserve the primitive legends and traditions of the Lenni
Lenâpé Indians . The legends were recorded in pictographs
or hieroglyphics to perpetuate the chants by which the tribal
legendary had been kept alive . As a whole it represents the
traditions of the Delawares with reference to the Creation ,
and the tribal migration from the north or west to the
Atlantic Coast line . From the beginning of this migration
to the advent of the white men , the nation was ruled by
ninety - four chiefs , two of whom , the thirty-first and seventy
sixth, respectively, were named Tamenend . The reference ir
the Olum to Tamenend the seventy - sixth chief, follows :
“ Again an Affable was Chief , and made peace with all,
All were friends , all were united under this great Chief."
Careful research reveals that the canonization of Tammany
may be traced to the Schuylkill Fishing Company, a society or
club established in 1732 by Quakers of Philadelphia 16. Ac
cording to the records of this club, certain Indian chiefs ,
including Tammany, granted to its members and their suc
cessors the right to fish and hunt within defined limits in the
waters of the Schuylkill and the adjacent woods. Each year
16 This is the oldest social club in Pennsylvania .
13
the sporting season opened on May first, which became a day
of festivity to members of the club. The society adopted
Tammany as its Patron and Saint , and May first was assigned
as his day. On May 11 , 1782, when victory for the American
colonists seemed assured , the Club, which had become known
as the “ Colony in Schuylkill,” changed its name to the " State
in Schuylkill” and adopted new by -laws, among which ' we
note the following :
10th . There shall be the following meetings of the Governor and
Council annually, * * * One on the first of May , to commemorate
the day of our illustrious Saint and Patron , St. Tammany."
This custom of adopting patrons is of remote origin , prac
ticed among the guilds and trades of ancient Greece and
Rome , and, in the Middle Ages , adopted by governments ,
which denominated Saints of the Church as their patrons.
Later societies also selected saints, from whom their ideals
were derived , and to whom their activities were dedicated .
The Schuylkill Fishing Company, in conformity with this
custom, most naturally selected as its patron saint the Indian
chief, who, had inhabited that region , and who sold to Wil
liam Penn the very ground on which stood the " State House"
of the Society . It also adopted as its motto the words said
to have been the favorite maxim of the Chief .
Following the success of this society, two other fishing
clubs were organized 17 on the banks of the Schuylkill prior
to the Revolution , and on every first of May the fishing season
was opened with much ceremony. As the clubs grew in im
portance and prestige, their celebration gained in social splen
dor and spread through Philadelphia and its vicinity the fame
of the original club's saint and patron.
From the meager data at hand, it would seem that the
appellation “ Saint” was not generally accepted at Philadel
phia until 1773 , for in May , 1772 , the name, so far as we can
learn , first appeared in print in Philadelphia as “ King Tam
many"7" 18 when the “ Sons of King Tammany ” held their first
meeting. However, on June 14 , 1772, the name appears in
the public press as “ King ( or Saint ) Tammany," and by 1773
his claim to canonization was well established .
On April 28 , 1773 , the following notice of a meeting of the
Sons of Saint Tammany made its appearance :
“ As all nations have for seven centuries past , adopted some great
personage, remarkable for his virtues and love for Civil and Re
ligious liberty, as their Tutelar Saint and annually assembled on a
fixed day to commemorate him , the Natives of this flourishing
17 The Mount Regale Fishing Co. and the St. David Fishing Co.; Penna .
Mag. 27:88.
18 Penna. Chronicle May 4, 1772 ; May 11 , 1772 ; June 15 , 1772 .
14
 Province, determined to follow so laudable an example, and for
some years past have adopted a Great Warrior Sachem and Chief ,
named, St. Tammany, a fast friend to our forefathers , to be the
tutelar Saint of this Province, and have hitherto, on the First of
May, done the accustomed honors to the memory of so great and
celebrated a Personage.”
The invitation of April 28, 1773 , indicates clearly that Tam
many had been known as “ Saint ” for some years , despite the
apparent lack of recognition in the public press , and that he
had been unofficially adopted as the tutelar Saint of the
Province of Pennsylvania .
In pre-revolutionary days Philadelphia was the center of
heated discussions of England's tyranny, and when the revolu
tion broke out the Pennsylvania troops quite naturally adopted
their Provincial Saint as Patron and Guide . This example was
followed by the Continental Army, and during the revolution
ary war the natal day of Saint Tammany was celebrated both at
home and on the field 19. This observance was continued by the
army long after the conclusion of war, until discontinued by
order of General Dearborn , and then only as a part of the pol
icy of retrenchment instituted by President Jefferson.
The passing of Tammany as a native chief, and his accession
to the dignity of Patron Saint is marked by progressive steps .
Between 1773 and 1789, in the process of evolution from the
obscurity of a local patron to the dignity of a national figure,
his glory and achievements were celebrated in story and song.
The annual celebrations of the Sons of Saint Tammany of
Philadelphia were usually graced by the delivery of an ode or
poem dedicated to the memory of the Saint and his day . A
poem delivered on one of these occasions is repeated here, as
typical of the eulogies offered in his honor . Here it is :
CHARACTER OF ST. TAMMANY 20
When superstition's dark and haughty plan
Fettered the genius and debased the man ,
Each trifling legend was a truth received ;
The priest invented, and the crowd believed ;
Nations adored the whim in stone or paint,
And gloried in the fabricated saint .
Some holy guardian , hence, each nation claims
Gay France her Dennis, and grave Spain her James,
Britons at once two mighty saints obey
Andrew and George maintain united sway,
O®er humbler lands the same old whim prevails :
19 " Headquarters, Greenville , 30 April 1795. The first of May being the anni
versary of St. Tammany, the tutelary Saint of America , all the troops fit for
duty on this ground are to receive one Jill of whiskey per man .” — Gen . Anthony
Wayne's Orderly Book, p. 85 .
20 This poem was written by William Pritchard, a membe “ of the Phila. Tammany
Society and a well known book seller. It achieved great popularity and was widely
reprinted in the Journals of the day.
15
 Ireland her Patrick ; boasts her David, Wales.
We Pennsylvanians, these old tales reject,
And our own saint think proper to erect
Immortal Tammany of Indian Race ,
Great in the fields, and foremost in the chase.
No puny saint was he, with fasting pale,
He climbed the mountains, and swept the vale ;
Rushed through the torrent with unequaled might;
Your ancient saints would tremble at the sight
Caught the swift boar, and swifter deer with ease,
And worked a thousand miracles like these.
To public views, he added private ends,
And loved his country most, and next his friends.
With courage long he strove to ward the blow,
(Courage we all respect, E'en in a foe ) —
And when each effort he in vain had tried,
Kindled the flame in which he bravely died !
To Tammany let the full horn go round ;
His fame let every honest tongue resound ;
With him let every generous patriot vie
To live in freedom , or with honor die !
Nor shall I think my labor too severe,
Since ye, wise sachems, kindly deign to bear.
Most of the legends of Tammany and his remarkable per
formances obtained currency through an oration delivered by
Samuel L. Mitchell, an eminent scholar , before the Tammany
Society or Columbian Order in the City of New York on May
12 , 1795, and by the reports of missionaries among the Dela
ware Indians, as exemplified by John G. B. Heckewelder, a
Moravian .
Heckewelder, who was long a missionary among the Dela
wares , has recorded many of their traditions. His work 21
on the Delaware Indians contains the following lofty estimate of
Tammany :
The name of Tamanend is held in the highest veneration among
the Indians. Of all the Chiefs and great men which the Lenâpé
Nation ever had , he stands foremost on the list. But although many
fabulous stories are circulated about him among the whites , but
little of his history is known . * **
All we know , therefore, of Tamanend, is that he was an ancient
Delaware Chief, who never had his equal. He was in the highest
degree endowed with wisdom , virtue, prudence, charity, affability,
meekness, hospitality, in short, with every good and noble qualifi
cation that a human being may possess. He was supposed to have
had an intercourse with the Great and Good Spirit ; for he was a
stranger to everything that is bad.
This appraisal by a noted missionary will serve as an explana
tion of why the white settlers and their successors so revered
and honored Tammany .
21 History, Manners and Customs of the Indian Nations. ( Phila . 1819 ) , by
John G. B. Heckewelder, p. 300.
16
 Origin of the Tammany Societies

' HE celebration of May 1 as " St. Tammany's Day led

THE to the establishment of Tammany Societies in the
American Colonies. The Schuylkill Fishing Company, a
social club , organized in Philadelphia in 1732 , inaugurated the
outdoor season on the first day of May of each year with
festive social functions . These celebrations attracted public
notice and inspired emulation . Two other societies were
formed shortly afterward . Their members disported along the
banks of the river , closely following the forms and ceremonies
of the original club .
This May day celebration , heralding the coming of Spring ,
in what was then the American metropolis , became a holiday
recognized and observed throughout southeastern Pennsyl
vania and the colonies on the south .
The first celebrations of “ St. Tammany's Day ” were festivals
er of the common people , who went through their antics and
concluded by “ taking up a collection .” No accurate record
by
of the beginning of these celebrations is available and the
ny earliest account is given in a letter written by William Eddis
Lay
at Annapolis, December 24th ' 1771 , who has described the
la event :
a
" The first of May is set apart to the memory of Saint Tamina,
on which occasion the natives wear a piece of buck's tail in their
la hats , or in some conspicuous situation . During the course of the
21
evening, and generally in the midst of a dance, the company are
of interrupted by the sudden intrusion of a number of persons habited
like Indians, who rush violently into the room, singing the war song ,
giving the whoop , and dancing in the stile of those people ; after
ng which ceremony they retire well satisfied with their reception and
apé entertainment."
any
Dut This spirit of celebration spread southward from Phila
delphia and the custom became deeply rooted in the adjacent
ent cities, and gradually the festivity became of moment in the
nest affairs of the central and southern colonies and won for itself
ity, a place in public esteem .
ifi
ave The first permanent Tammany society was established in
sa Philadelphia on May 1 , 1772, and was called “ The Sons of
King Tammany . ” Its purpose was the promotion of charity
na and patriotism . The Pennsylvania Chronicle described the
red meeting and outlined its purposes in the following words :
On Friday, the first instant, a number of Americans, Sons of King
by Tammany, met at the house of Mr. James Byrn, to celebrate the
memory of that truly noble Chieftain whose friendship was most
17
 affectionately manifested to the worthy founder and first settlement
of this Province. After dinner the circulating glass was crowned
with wishes, loyal and patriotic, and the day was concluded with
much cheerfulness and harmony. It is hoped from this small
beginning, a society may be formed of great utility to the distressed ;
as this meeting was more for the purpose of promoting Charity
and Benevolence, than Mirth and Festivity.
In 1773 the Society in Philadelphia changed its name to
“ Sons of Saint Tammany,” and was thus referred to in the
public prints in the notice for the annual meeting of that year.
Invitations to attend this gathering were extended to one
hundred and twenty -one of the most influential men in the
colony , including the Governors of Pennsylvania and New
Jersey , scholars, members of bench and bar, and men of
letters .
On the list of those invited are noted the names of Biddle ,
Bradford, Cadwalader, Chew , Hamilton, Lawrence, Logan ,
Mifflin , Meredith, Norris , Pemberton, Penrose, Read, Rush,
Rittenhouse , Shippen and Wharton .
Those who attended were imbued with a keen sense of
human sympathy, for a fund was raised for distribution among
confined debtors .
That Society perfected a permanent organization, electing
annually thirteen Sachems as a Board of Directors, a Chief
or President and a Secretary . It also adopted gorgets and
other insignia of office and revived old customs of the earlier
celebrations of May First and smoked the calumet or pipe of
peace at each meeting. During the war for Independence
the Society waned but after the Treaty of Peace was signed
it took on new life and continued its celebrations with renewed
glory. At the conclusion of the fête on May 1st , 1784, the
Society marched in a body to serenade General Washington ,
who , at that time, was visiting Philadelphia. After the bril
liant celebration of May 1st, 1786 , factions divided the Society
on questions of internal policies of the National Government,
and it slowly became disintegrated and its activities ceased .
This ended the most important organization in the early
history of the movement.

Spread of the Tammany Idea .

The Philadelphia Society was the parent stem of the
Tammany Societies in the United States . From Philadel
phia the movement spread into New Jersey, Maryland, Vir
ginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia . The
Society's celebration in the City of Richmond in 1785 was
18
 Procryocy
AⓇSIAMOSKYTI *AX800 heroine
A LIST
OL : GENTLEMEN INVITED TO COMMISALORAT E

ST . TAMMANY,
ON THE FIRST OP MAY, 1773.
AMES Allen, Eſa: Joſeph Galloway, Efq; Samuel Powel, Efq;
Andrew Allen, éſq; Dr. George Glentworth , Mr. Joſeph Pemberton,
Mr. William Allen, Mr. Benjamin Gibbs. Mr. Edward Pennington,
Mr. Matthias Alpden . Mr. Thomas Penroſe,
Hon. Jam .Hamilton ,Efq; Mr. James Penroſe.
Andrew Hamilton, Eſq;
Jamei Biddle, Eſq: William Hamilton, Elq; John Rols, Eſq;
Edward Biddle, Eſq; Michael Hillegaſs , Efq; Joſeph Read, Efq;
Mr. John Baynton, Mr. William Hockley, Mr. Joſeph Redman,
Mr. Clement Biddle, Mr. Reuben Haines,
Mr. William Bradford, Mr. Jam .Humphreysjun.Dr. John Redman,
David , senhouſe,
Mr. somas Bradford, Aſhton Humphreys, Elq a Mr. George Roberts,
Mr. Benjamin
Mr. Thomas Bond , jun. Mr. Jacob SamuelHowel,g Dr. Ruſh,
Mr. John Bayard, Mr. Stacy Hepburn, Jacob Ruſh , Efq;
Mr. Joſeph Bullock,
Mr. James Budden. Mr. George Henry. Capt. Thomas Read.
Abel James, Eſq; Samuel Shoemaker, Eſq;
Benjamin Chew , Eſq; Mr. RobertStrettel Jones. Edw . Shippen , ſen. Eſq;
Revd. Mr. Coombe,
Mr. John Cadwalader, Dr. Adam Kuhn , Joſeph Shippen, jun. Eſq;
Mr. Lambt. Cadwalader, Mr. Henry Keppelle, jun. Dr. Wm. Shippen, jun.
Daniel Clymer, Eſq; Mr. Joſeph Swift,
Mr. John Chevalier, Hon. John Lawrence, Eſq; Capt. Robert Shewall,
Mr. Peter Chevalier. Thomas Lawrence, Eſq; Mr. Thomas Smith .
Mr. Stephen Carmick, Mr. Tho. Lawrence, jun .
John Lawrence,jun . Eſq; James Tilghman, Eſq;
Mr. John Cox, junior. William
Mr. Curtis Clay , Logan , Efq; Mr. Tench Tilghman ,
Mr. Pobert Clay. Mr. James Logan, Richard Tilehman, Eſq;
John Lukens, Eſq; Mr. Peter Turner,
John Dickenſon, Efq; Mr. Jelle Lukens, Mr. William Turner.
Revd . Mr. Duche, James Lukens, Efq;
Mr. Henry Drinker, Peter Lloyd, Eſq ; Hon. Tho. Willing, Eſq;
Mr. John Duffield . Mr. Mordecai Lewis. Mi. Rev. Mr. Waite,
Joſeph Wharton, ſen.
Samuel Mifflin , Efq; Stephen Watts, Eſq;
Dr. Cadwalader Evans, Thomas Mifflin . Eſq. Richard Willing,
Mr. George Emlen, Mr.
Mr. Caleb Emlen. John Morris, Eſq; Mr. Tho. Wharton , ſen.
Mr. Samuel Morris, jun. Mr. JoſephWharton ,jun.
Mr. Samuel Cad. Morris, Mr. James Wharton,
His Excellency Governor Samuel Meredith, Eſq; Mr. Ifaac Wharton,
Franklin, Mr. George Morgan,
Joſeph Fox, Eſq ; Mr. Tho . Wharton , jun .
Mr. Anthony Morris, fen. Mr. Joſeph Wood,
Judab 'Foulke, Eſq; Mr. Thoma s Murgat royd .Mr. Peter Wikoff,
Mr. Tcnch Francis,
Turbutt Francis, Eſq; George Noarth, Eſq; $ Joſeph Worrall, Efq;
Mr. William Wifler,
Mr. Pjlip Francis, Mr. Samuel Nicholls. Mr. Jerem. Warder, jun.
POND

Miers Fiſher, Eſq;

Mr. William Fiſher, jun. Hon . Governor Penn, 9 Alex. Wilcocks, Eſq;
Mr. Moore Furman . Richard Peters, jun. Efq ; &Mr.John Wilcocks.
PALAV99V)apeXAVEGVEinest GVSSVerslas

A Tammany Commemoration in Philadelphia, 1773

made notable by the presence of General Washington , whc
recorded the occasion in his diary .
In 1779, we find the first notice of a Tammany celebration
in New Jersey . Because of the strength of the Tory senti
ment there, however , even the press was loth to give publicity
to the affairs of the Society . It is recorded however, tha
William DeHart , an officer in the American Army and later
a prominent attorney of Morristown , New Jersey , was elected
President, and Ebenezer Elmer, an army surgeon was choser
secretary ; an elaborate certificate of membership was adopted
with a seal containing the famous quotation from Horace : " )
have built a monument more lasting than bronze ,” showing
that the scholarly gentlemen that organized the Society believed
that the institution which they founded would prove a monu:
men of lasting fame . On May 1st, 1782 , a Constitution wa
adopted defining the social and charitable purposes of the
Society . This Constitution is the oldest written Constitutior
of a Tammany Society in existence and bears the signature
of John Pintard , who later played so prominent a part in the
organization and early development of the New York Tammany
Society .
When opposition to British oppression began to manifes
itself - upon the passage of the Stamp Act , in 1765, and be
tween that date and the convening of the first Continenta
Congress , in 1774 — the Tammany Societies in the midd !
Atlantic colonies became leaders of revolutionary sentiment
They thus gradually changed from purely social to fraterna
and patriotic bodies , for at this time Philadelphia , the birth
place of the Tammany Societies , was a hotbed of American
patriotism and of the political unrest that lead to American
Independence .
When the success of the American cause seemed assured
the activities of the Tammany Societies were increased . Dur
ing the years 1780 , 1781 and 1782 , the public mind was filled
with the economic depression and interest in such organiza
tions as the Tammany Society waned .
The momentous political controversy over the adoption o
the Federal Constitution overshadowed in interest and impor
tance the activities of unofficial organizations and agencie
everywhere and even the Sons of Tammany in Philadelphi:
went into eclipse . When the seat of the National Governmen
was transferred from Philadelphia to New York , the light of
the movement of the Tammany Societies was relighted by the
organization of the Society of Tammany or Columbian Order
in New York .
20 .
 RAZE TERSE

X **28

The "Wigwam ," Broad Street, 1789-1790

 Tammany Society in New York

HE second phase of the movement of the Tammany So

TH cieties in the United States begins with the establishment
of the New York Tammany Society . Although the exact time
of its foundation is disputed, an examination of the contem
porary newspapers clearly indicates the existence of the So
ciety in 1786. The Tammany Society in Philadelphia at that
period was in the zenith of its prosperity, and the spirit of
its celebrations was contagious .
At the dinner of the Marine Society, held at the Coffee
House in New York, on January 25 , 1786, the toast was
offered " St. Tammany and the New Constellatoin .” The
other toasts proposed at this banquet bear a striking resem
blance to those drunk at the St. Tammany Day banquets in
Philadelphia and elsewhere. This was probably due to the
influence of John Pintard , who four years before had been
prominently associated with the Society of the Sons of St.
Tammany in New Jersey . Soon after the British evacuation ,
however , he came to New York , and in 1784 became a member
of the Marine Society .
The Society of Tammany has preserved the cornerstone of
the first Tammany Hall , erected in 1811 at Park Row and
Frankfort Street, where the reconstructed Sun building now
stands. The stone bears this inscription :
Tammany Society or Columbian Order.
Founded by William Mooney in 1786. Organized under a
Constitution and Laws in 1789.
Wm. Mooney 1st Grand Sachem . New York May 12th, 1789.
The inscription may be accepted as evidence of the date of the
founding . Corroboration of this fact is found in the press
notices relating to the Societies' early celebration and from
contemporary reports of the activities immediately following
1786.
In a statement dated November 10 , 1817 , which is prefixed
to the constitution adopted by the Society in that year, and
signed by " A Brother of 1776 and one of the surviving
Founders," 1786 is given as the date of its founding. In that
year, the statement reads, “ a few genuine Whigs — a very few
-assembled together " and formed a National Society .
If the Society held a celebration in 1786 no account of it
is found in the newspapers of that year. It gathered suffi
22
cient strength, however, to attract attention to its meeting in
May, 1787. The following notice appeared in New York
Daily Advertiser, April 30, 1787 :
The members of St. Tammany's Society in the City of New York
are requested to meet at their wigwam , held at Mr. Talmage Hall's,
No. 49 Cortlandt Street, on Tuesday, the first day of May next, at
Sunset, to celebrate the annual meeting. By order of the Sachem .
Putticatwamina, Sec'ry.

The celebration appears to have been a great success , for it

was elaborately described in the journals of the day .
On May 12, 1789, the Tammany Society held a gala cele
bration on the Banks of the Hudson about two miles from
the city. “ Strangers who are now in this city, and who are
members of this Society in any other state” were invited to
join in the celebration . Patriotic speeches were delivered and
according to the newspaper accounts :
After singing numbers of Songs adapted to the occasion , and
smoking the Calumet of Peace, each member retired to his own
Wigwam and Hunting Ground, in hopes of meeting on the next
anniversary, in the same brotherly and affectionate manner, to
commemorate the glorious deeds and achievements of their renowned
Patron .

The ceremonial of the festival was borrowed from the Phila

delphia Society of the Sons of St. Tammany, and is tersely
described in the following excerpt from an early New York
newspaper :
The Society was divided into as many Tribes as there were
States , each tribe distinguished by the name of a State. The mem
bers were divided or classed into sachems, warriors, hunters , etc.
In their processions they always walked in Indian or single file,
and many of them completely dressed like Indians, with their faces
painted or smeared , and they were decorated with bows, arrows,
tomahawks , and long calumets or smoking pipes , &c . , for a covering
a cap nicely fitted on the head , so as to make it a proper depilous
Indian skull . Those of them who appeared in a hat, jacket and
breeches , and left their faces white, wore buck's tail in their hats .

Thenceforth, regular meetings were held at intervals vary

ing from one week to one month , at which the policies and
purposes of the Order became crystallized and its ritual
elaborated . In 1789, it adopted its first written constitution
With the election of officers, the Society was thoroughly and
permanently organized, and has since continued its notable and
dignified career, adjusting its customs and ceremonies to con
form to the changes, taste , and fashion of each decade, but
clinging tenaciously to the ancient traditions that inspired its
foundation .
23
 Tammany Society's Object.
The name most prominently associated with the Tammany
Society in its early years is that of William Mooney, a mer
chant with a place of business in Nassau Street . He first
attracted public attention through the conspicuous part he
played in the great Constitutional Parade in New York City
on July 23 , 1788. The various trades furnished floats for
the occasion and Mooney, representing the upholsterers , was
shown on a float in the act of preparing the Presidential chair .
William Mooney's name appears as the Grand Sachem of
the Tammany Society in 1789 ; after this date he occupied
positions of prominence in the Society continuously for up
wards of thirty years , as Grand Sachem, Sachem , or chair
man of important committees .
A guiding influence in the establishment of the Society of
Tammany or Columbian Order in New York is readily
traceable to John Pintard, merchant, philanthropist and scholar
who came to New York from New Jersey soon after the
Treaty of Peace in 1783. In 1788 and 1789 he was an assistant
alderman , and in 1790 was elected to the state legislature .
The scope of his activity was so broad that he became a
participant in every movement of importance in New York ,
at this period still the State capital . It is said that he drafted
the by -laws for every society of importance in New York
City in his day, and the first Constitution of the Tammany
Society bears every evidence of his style .
The objects of the Society are briefly stated in the second
paragraph of the Public Constitution as follows :
It shall connect in the indissoluble Bonds of patriotic Friendship,
American Brethren , of known attachment to the political Rights
of human Nature , and the Liberties of this country.

In a letter dated October 11 , 1790 , addressed to the eminent

scholar, Dr. Jeremy Belknap , of Boston , Pintard refers to the
American Museum as having been “ instituted by the St. Tam
many's Society in this city for the express purpose of collect
ing and preserving everything relating to the natural or political
history of America. I have not time to explain the principles
of this Society , of which I am a member , further than that
it is a political institution founded on a strong republican basis ,
whose democratic principles will serve in some measure to
correct the aristocracy of our city."
Although he filled the subordinate office of Sagamore or
Master of Ceremonies , Pintard's activity in the management
and direction of the affairs of the Society was so great that
24
 (LIBERTY )
The ony on
the head

MANSACIY) COLEMNIAN ORDER

INSTITUTIONKeby
few
( na Selim
SAGAMORE

E 2210
E GE
1776 EE 1789
E E

NE

Certificate of Membership in the Tammany Society, 1812

he was in a great measure responsibile for the early recognition
it received and the dignity accorded it at the hands of contem
poraries. Under his influence it expanded its functions and
acquired character and solidarity.
The Society , in an address issued to the people of the United
States on February 2 , 1795 , described its basic principles as
follows :
This Society * * is founded on the broad basis of natural
rights and is solely designed to connect American brethren in the
indissoluble bonds of Patriotic Friendship.
The Society, again , in an address published in 1819, described
its principles in these sentences :
The Society of Tammany or Columbian Order is founded upon
the dignified principles of Public Liberty. It is the task of this
Society to adhere with the faith of the magnet to the principles of
the revolution.

At the 42d anniversary celebration of the Society , held on

May 12 , 1831 , Sachem Grant outlined its principles in the
lowing toast :
Tammany Society or Columbian Order,—a great National In
stitution, founded on the principles of civil and religious liberty
the glory of man.
Tammany always had a charitable side and a fund was raised
by collection at the annual festivities for the relief of delinquent
debtors. This brought public favor to the Society, for the Poor
Debtors' Laws were stringent and worked untold hardship. As
the Debtors ' Relief Laws were forced on the statute books, the
Society turned its charitable attentions in other directions . This
phase of the Society became a distinguishing feature , which
still endures .
Pintard's declaration that the Tammany Society's “ demo
cratic principles will serve in a measure to correct the aristocracy
of our city ,” gave rise to the contention that it was organized
to oppose the venerable and venerated Society of the Cincin
nati. Many writers attributed to it this purpose, although an
understanding of the circumstances surrounding the establish
ment and early growth of the Society does not warrant such
an inference . By " aristocracy," Pintard undoubtedly meant the
Tory reactionaries , who by reason of wealth and social position
developed strength after the disabilities imposed upon them
during the war had been removed. The line of cleavage was
between the patriots and the loyalists , not between any class or
classes of men who , like the Sons of Saint Tammany and the
members of the Cincinnati, had struggled side by side for
American freedom .
26
 Members of the Society of the Cincinnati were also prominent
members of the Tammany Society ; invitations to dine were
cordially exchanged, and a committee delegated by the Tam
many Society at the close of the eighteenth century " to con
gratulate the Society of the Cincinnati on the happy return of
the day," reported that they had waited on the Society of the
Cincinnati and were received by the President and members
with every mark of friendly regard and attachment. ”

Tammany and Columbus .

The Tammany Society as reorganized in 1789 has two patrons
-Saint Tammany and Columbus. Its original constitution
provided that on the first Monday of October in each year a
brother should deliver before the Society a " Long Talk ” in
honor of Columbus; and as early as April 6, 1791, Pintard
announced the intention of appropriately celebrating the tercen-
tenary of the discovery of America on October 12, 1792 .
At Tammany's reception to the Creek Indians in New York
on August 2 , 1790, Dr. William P. Smith, Grand Sachem of
the Society, explained the dual system of patrons as follows :
Although the hand of death is cold upon their bodies, yet the
spirits of two great Chiefs are supposed to walk backwards and
forwards in this great Wigwam , and to direct us in all our pro
ceedings—Tammany and Columbus. Tradition has brought to us
the memory of the first. He was a great and good Indian Chief,
a strong warrior, a swift hunter, but what is greater than all, he
loved his country. We call ourselves his sons.
In all pageantry and ceremonial of the Society the two were
linked in equal importance , and , as late as 1812, no Tammany
procession was complete without a float as its central feature ,
presenting in allegorical significance the two great patrons of
the Society-Columbus bearing the emblem of civilization ;
Tammany bearing the constellation of the thirteen American
stars . The two alternately smoked the Calumet of peace . The
figures were shown seated on an elevated car, over which pre
sided the Genius of America bearing the great standard of the
United States . At the conclusion of the procession , the car
of Tammany and Columbus moved up to the head of the line
and the two patrons were presented to the Genius of America ,
who descended from the pedestal to receive them ,
In its early history Tammany was designated in various
ways. The first record of the adoption of an official title by
the Society itself is found in the following paragraph of the
public constitution, printed some time during the year 1789 :
This society shall be called and known by the name of SAINT
TAMMANY'S SOCIETY OR COLUMBIAN ORDER .
27
 A radical change in the title appears in the year 1791 , when
the name TAMMANY SOCIETY OR COLUMBIAN
ORDER was adopted , the word “ Saint” being dropped from
the appellation. By an act of the legislature of the State of
New York , passed April 8 , 1805 , the Society was incorporated
and its title legally and permanently established as THE
SOCIETY OF TAMMANY OR COLUMBIAN ORDER IN
THE CITY OF NEW YORK.

The Tammany Wigwams .

The Wigwam or meeting hall of the Society at the time of
its early activities was variously located. In 1787 the House
of Talmadge Hall, No. 49 Cortlandt Street was called the
Wigwam in the public notices. In 1789 and early in 1790
the Wigwam was located at Barden's Tavern in Broadway.
In July, 1790 , the Wigwam was at the City Tavern in Broad
Street , but this like its predecessors was merely a temporary
abiding place of the Society which now began to feel the need
of a permanent home.
On September 10, 1790, the Common Council of the City
assigned to the Society a room in the Exchange . Thus the
Exchange became the Great Wigwam or Tammanial Hall, and
continued to be the home of the Society until 1798 when the
scene of its activities shifted to “Martling's” at the corner of
Nassau and Spruce Streets ; the “ Long Room ” at the Mart
ling's became the assembly hall of the Society .
In order that the Society might have a home of its own ,
the New York Tammanial Tontine Association was organized
in 1792. The Tontine was a common device of the day for
raising funds for popular enterprises and in a measure .per
formed the functions of the modern building loan association .
The purpose of this association was to erect “ a great wigwam
or Tammany Hall for the convenience of the meetings ,” but
it was not until May 13 , 1811, that the cornerstone of the
first Tammany Hall was laid . The building was located at
the corner of Nassau and Frankfort Streets and was erected
for the purpose of " preserving and strengthening that patriotic
chain which unites its members and for accommodating their
Republican Brothers."
Funds for the enterprise were raised by issuing stock upon
which dividends were to be paid from the income of the build
ing. A large room was reserved for the use of the society
on certain evenings and the remaining space was rented as a
hotel. The Society reserved in the lease the use of the large
room for every Monday evening and also for May 12th , July
28
 A.BOBBETT

The “ Wigwam ” and Museum of Tammany Society, Broad Street,

1790-1798
4th , November 25th , and the days on which the General Com
mittee and nominating conventions should meet . The Society
further stipulated that the tenant must “ be attached to our
republican principles.” Soon after its occupancy of the new
building the Society encouraged the use of the Hall for public
entertainments, receptions and amusements , and in January
of each year the Society itself conducted an annual bali.
On July 4, 1867, the Society laid the cornerstone of the
present Tammany Hall in East Fourteenth Street, near Third
Avenue , with elaborate public ceremonies.
The Hall was publicly dedicated on July 4, 1868 , by the
opening of the National Democratic Convention within its
walls . The Convention selected Horatio Seymour, twice
Governor of New York, as Presidential Nominee .

Tammany's Officers and Symbols .

The Tammany Society elects its officers annually on the
Third Monday in April. These officers are thirteen sachems,
who act as a Board of Directors , a Secretary, a Treasurer , a
Sagamore, and Wiskinski . The Sachems organize the Grand
Council of Sachems by electing a presiding officer called the
Grand Sachem , who presides at all functions of the Society ,
as well as of the Council. The Sachems also elect a Father
of the Council , and a Scribe to the Council , who records its
proceedings .
The Sagamore is the master of ceremonies at all functions
of the Society. He has charge of the badges and other gorgets
of the Society, and is its Marshal at its public processions .
The Wiskinski ( the eyes of the Society ) is the doorkeeper or
outer guard. He is also the Custodian of the ornaments,
banners, and standards of the Society.
The Society in the last century was divided into thirteen
tribes , and each member upon his admission was assigned to a
tribe . Under the Constitution adopted November 10, 1817,
the tribes were allotted as follows :
State Tribe State Tribe
1. New Hampshire Otter 8. Delaware Tiger
2. Massachusetts Panther 9. Maryland Fox
3. Rhode Island Beaver 10. Virginia Deer
4. Connecticut Bear 11. North Carolina Buffalo
5. New York Eagle 12. South Carolina Raccoon1
6. New Jersey Tortoise 13. Georgia Wolf
7. Pennsylvania Rattlesnake

Each tribe had a separate organization , over which a Sachem ,

designated by the Grand Sachem , presided. It also selected
30
 by ballot three officers, viz . , a Standard Bearer or Warrior ,
called an Okemaw ; a tribe hunter called a Mackawalaw ; and
a Scribe or tribe clerk , called an Alank , who kept the roll
containing the tribal proceedings. Each of the tribes was
named after one of the original thirteen states , and as in
dicated , was dedicated to some animal, a common and wide
spread custom among the North American Indians . In the
public processions the tribes marched in a body bearing the
arms of their respective states. The custom , however, of
dividing the Society into tribes has now fallen into disuse .
Time is reckoned by the Tammany Society from three
events , and all communications were dated in three ways, i. e . ,
from the year of the discovery of America , October 12, 1492 ;
of Independence, July 4, 1776, and of the Institution, May
12, 1779 . The year was divided into four seasons :
Season of snows : December, January and February .
Season of blossoms : March , April and May .
Season of fruits : June , July and August.
Season of hunting : September, October and November.
The months were designated as Moons , and each had an
appropriate name, thus :
January - Month of Colds. July - Month of Horns .
February - Month of Snows. August — Month of Fishes .
March - Month of Worms . September - Month of Corn .
April- Month of Plants . October - Month of Traveling.
May-Month of Flowers . November - Month of Beavers .
June - Month of Hearts . December— Month of Games .
The Calendar year begins with October , month of Traveling ,
the first moon .
The bucktail , regarded as a talisman of liberty by the earlier
Tammany Societies, was adopted by the New York Society
as its emblem ; and the regulations provide that it shall be a
part of the insignia worn on all public occasions . It seems to
have borne a superstitious character as a token of good luck ,
and was long considered the appropriate badge of a hunter .
With this significance in mind , the original votaries of Tam
many in Philadelphia, members of the Schuylkill hunting and
fishing clubs, employed it in their ceremonies. The importance
accorded to this symbolism in the Society is illustrated by its
recognition among the toasts offered at the banquets . The
following toast to the bucktail was drunk at the celebration
of May 12, 1819 :
The American Bucktail of Tammany; an emblem of liberty
honored by our ancestors - May it sweep from our soil the last
vestige of unchastened ambition.
31
 So prominent was the display of the bucktail in all Tam
many pageants that its wearers were at one time popularly
known as “ Bucktails.”
The Cap of Liberty is the paramount symbol of the Society .
It has its origin in antiquity and was a token of freedom among
the ancient Greeks and Romans and the placing of it on the
head of a slave was part of the services attending his manumis
sion . During the early days of the French Republic it was
the symbol of the supporters of popular rights, and when
sentiment for the principles of the Revolution swept the United
States, the French Cockade, the Cap of Liberty and the Tri
color of France, became extremely popular in New York City.
The Grand Standard of the Society is the arms of the United
States properly emblazoned . The Society originally adopted
as its motto , the phrase: “ Civil Liberty , the Glory of Man ."
In recent years , however, this has given way to the inscrip
tion on the Great Seal of the Society : - “ Freedom our Rock ."
The latter phrase by custom is now generally accepted as
the motto of the Society .
Each officer of the Society has a specially designed badge ,
suspended by a ribbon worn over his shoulders , bearing a
patriotic motto .
The meetings are called Council - Fires, and the tomahawk
and calumet, or pipe of Peace , are given a place in the councils .
The Society in its early career had a well defined order of
procession at its public celebrations. The procession was
always headed by the Cap of Liberty as the Grand Standard
of the Society, and the Father of the Council carrying the
Calumet or pipe of Peace , and the Sagamore carrying the
tomahawk.
In 1813 the practice of appearing in Indian costume at public
functions was abandoned, and in the celebration of July 4th
of that year the Society paraded in civil attire , its membership
distinguished by an appropriate badge . The abandonment of
the Indian regalia was induced by an intense feeling both in
the Society and by the public against Indians because of the
atrocities perpetrated in the border conflict incident to the
War of 1812 .

Branches of the New York Society .

Dispensations or Charters were granted by the New York
Society for the formation of subsidiary or branch organizations
in other cities and states . The first dispensation was given in
1790, shortly after the New York Society was reorganized,
to open a Wigwam in Philadelphia, " with the power and
32
 D ')

ispeusaliou 29

Futbe liame of the Spirit of Tawmany .

Fc Hearth and
Trosperity
you ,

Hage_Hage_Sa
ge
ol
o

"Viemos Lloyd al chile.coth.. tl.Sat. folie

e Michael Leib Graad Sachen

of the Tarumany foresty or botuambiar: Brata. Nema
eben one in the StateGhenasytvania po by then

bay
in one oeste
panesents, in punsuance of the frozen
the Constitut ion , and i can ferenity to a Kesolve of
the said society, paped onthe Fourth day of the month
Bolds in theeyrar ofbiscovery thino Koendeed and
of
Eightee - Ludhorisa anda upower you the
sau Thenon Ltoyd to build upand open
a
Wigwam ,at chillicothers intheState of chio
to be governedby our Sammanical, Constitutions, and
to be investrid with all the sanie and Equal powers
and finwilepés of donitiating Dana Fredam ustethe
Histrious Order , and to grantdispensa :
for extending the chain of Amety, throughout
stions
your Shave

Authorization , dated Feb. 4, 1810, from Dr. Michael Leib, Grand

Sachem of the Philadelphia Tammany Society to organize a
branch society in Chillicothe, Ohio.
privileges of initiating sons of freedom into this Illustrious
Order and to grant dispensation for the chain of patriotic
amity ” through the State of Pennsylvania.
Applications for these dispensations increased so rapidly
that the New York Society soon became the fountain -head
a

of movement that extended south as far as Georgia, north

as far as Massachusetts, and west as far as Missouri. Flour
ishing branches , or sister societies were found in conspicuous
numbers as late as 1816, in Pennsylvania , New Jersey , Rhode
Island , Massachusetts, Maryland, Kentucky, Ohio , District of
Columbia , Georgia , South Carolina , Virginia, and Missouri.
The movement particularly flourished in Rhode Island where
it was introduced in October, 1809. The movement grew
so steadily in power and influence that the Societies were
powerful enough to hold their weekly meetings in the State
House or Capital at Providence and at Newport and referred
to these buildings as their “ Wigwam .”. For this they drew
the contempt and wrath of the opposition press . In a vain
effort to thwart the success of the movement , the Federalists
in July , 1810, organized the Washington Benevolent Society.
The Societies were most effective in planting the seed of the
Jeffersonian theory of government . Their curious and elab
orate terminology and their brilliant, well- regulated pageants,
processions and public festivals appealed to the populace and
helped to swell the ranks of the Democratic Party . However,
with the decline of the Federal Party the Societies having
achieved their purpose gradually passed out of existence .
The State of Ohio was dotted with Tammany societies after
the installation of the first one at Chillicothe in February , 1810.
The Societies soon became a leading force in the State .
Here, as well as in other States , the movement aroused the
ire and the open hostility of the Federalists .
The Tammany Society of Ohio it appears, was the first
" Temperance” Party in Ohio , without making temperance the
sole object of its existence. With the election of James
Monroe to the Presidency in 1816 , the Societies became in
active and slowly dissolved in Ohio .
The Tammany Societies in the United States exercised a
powerful influence in shaping the destinies and in crystallizing
the principles of our government, and have contributed much
to the development of our present system of party govern
ment. The importance of this influence has been inadequately
recognized by students of American history. The Societies
bore the standards of equal rights and popular rule and were
34
the rallying points of Republican activity until the complete
annihilation of the Federalist Party .
Under the favoring leadership of Thomas Jefferson and
James Madison the movement flourished, and in its organized
activities foreshadowed the establishment of national political
parties . With the passing of the Federalist's the issues which
had stimulated the movement disappeared, one by one the
societies succumbed to the lethargy resulting from the ces
sation of violent partisan controversy .

35
 Tammany's Unique History
PRESENT OFFICERS
of the
SOCIETY OF TAMMANY OR COLUMBIAN ORDER
In the City of New York
1924-1925
Grand Sachem .. John R. Voorhis
Secretary Willis Holley
Treasurer William Sohmer
Father of the Council .. George W. Plunkitt
Sagamore . ... Eugene J. Reilly
Scribe of the Council. Charles J. Ackerson
Wiskinski Frank J. Scannell
SACHEMS
Thomas C. T. Crain Louis F. Haffen
John F. Curry * Charles F. Murphy
Thomas Darlington Thomas F. McAvoy
Thomas F. Foley George W. Plunkitt
Francis D. Gallatin Daniel L. Ryan
Frank J. Goodwin Alfred E. Smith
Henry W. Unger
* Died April 25, 1924. .
FIRST OFFICERS
of the
SAINT TAMMANY'S SOCIETY or COLUMBIAN
ORDER
1789
Grand Sachem William Mooney
Secretaries SAnthony Ernest
1 John Loudon
Treasurer Thomas Ash
Father of the Council. John Campbell
Scribe of the Council. William Pitt Smith
Door -Keeper (Wiskinski) Gardiner Baker
SACHIEMS
John Burger Abel Hardenbrook
John Campbell Philip Hone
Gabriel Furman White Matlack
Joseph Jadwin William Mooney
Aliver Glean Jonathan Pearsee , Jun .
Thomas Greenleaf James Tylee
Coertlandt Van Beuren
36
 MARTLINGS

BO

Hyde
."I. Nாயாயா
. யர்
engeccecom (
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“W798-1812
The
,1”C
Streets
Spruce
and
Nassau
oforner
igwam
‫נממשנמעעננעירכנינשטייר‬
 HE Tammany Society of New York occupies an unique
THE place in the history of American politics. Its develop
ment includes its activities as a patriotic and fraternal institu
tion with relationship to an organized force in party politics
of such virility and public confidence that for a century and
a quarter it has dominated the public life of the American
Metropolis. Tammany was never higher in public esteem than
it is to-day.
After its reorganization in 1789 , the Society rapidly gained
a place of prominence in the social and patriotic activities of
the city. Its growth was favored by the broadening metro
politan life of what was then the nation's capital . Its princi
ples early attracted the attention and received the recognition
of men prominent in municipal , state and national affairs.
Substantial and distinguished citizens were attracted to its
membership and so noted were its public ceremonies and
pageants tha the whole city was accustomed to view them with
genuine pride .
In 1790, the population of New York, including the City of
New York and the several towns and villages located on the
Island of Manhattan , was not more than 33,000 . Greenwich
Village, located in the neighborhood of Christopher Street ,
was a remote suburb . The surrounding counties of Kings,
Queens , Westchester, and Richmond, now a part of the city ,
were sparsely settled. With the city's growth , the Tammany
Society kept pace , enlarging its membership and extending its
influence .
Early in its career the Society won prestige by the perform
ance of signal public service in conciliating the representatives
of the Indian Tribes who came to New York to treat with the
National Government. During the Revolution , the sympathies
of many of the tribes were found on the side of the British
and a vexatious problem of the new government was the
pacification of the Indians and the reclamation of their support .
loyalty and allegiance.
On February 15 , 1790, the Society tendered a reception to
the Warriors and Sachems of the Oneida Nation , who at that
time were visiting New York to confer with Governor Clinton
and President Washington. The evening was spent in cordial
sociability ; punch and wine were served , and complimentary
toasts exchanged. Columbian songs were rendered and
speeches delivered, renewing vows of friendship between the
Society and the Tribe.
In the same year the Chiefs of the Cayuga Indians , who
were in New York on official business, joined with the Society
38
in its anniversary celebration of May 12th . The Cayugas were
tenth in the order of the procession and “ the festival was
concluded by an Indian dance led by the Cayuga Indians , in
which the officers of the Society joined .
By its entertainment of the Creek Indians in the same year
the Society mounted at once to national prominence and secured
the recognition and esteem of President Washington and of
Congress. The Chiefs of the Creek Nation , upwards of thirty
in number, came to New York for the purpose of concluding
a treaty of peace with the United States. During the Revolu
tionary War the Creeks joined with the British against the
colonists and after the treaty of peace was signed , the Creeks
continued to harrass the people of Georgia by conducting a
savage border warfare over boundary disputes. The National
Government invited the Creeks to a conference in New York ,
and dispatched a special envoy to greet and escort them to the
Capital. The Government invited the Tammany Society to
participate in the welcome to the Indians upon their arrival
and to entertain them while in the city . The Creeks arrived
July 21 , 1790 , and " were received by the St. Tammany Society,
who attended on the occasion , attired in the most splendid
dresses and other emblems of that respectable Society." Tam
many braves escorted the Creeks in procession to President
Washington's Executive Chambers . That evening the visiting
chiefs were entertained at dinner in the Wigwam of the Society
at the City Tavern . There were present , beside the Creeks ,
General Knox, Secretary of War , the Senators and Congress
men from Georgia and officers of the Army . On August 2nd ,
1790, a conference was held between the Tammany Society and
the Creeks , attended by Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State ;
General Knox , Secretary of War ; John Jay , Chief Justice of
the United States ; George Clinton, Governor of New York ,
and James Duane , Mayor of the City. True to Indian custom ,
the Calumet of Peace and Friendship was smoked and con
gratulations were exchanged upon the felicitous relations
between the Indian guests and their hosts . Patriotic songs were
rendered and the Indian chiefs sang and danced . The con
ference , which was open to the public, delighted the spectators
with its novelty and brilliancy .
The Society's prestige was enhanced among men of learning
by the establishment under its auspices in June, 1790 , of the
American Museum for patriotic mementos and material of
historic value . The Common Council assigned it a room in
the City Hall. Under the guidance of Pintard it grew rapidly
in importance and became one of the show places of the city .
39
In 1794 it was removed from the City Hall to the Exchange in
Broad Street . Later the Museum passed to the custody of
others. In 1865 it was destroyed when Barnum's Museum was
burned22 .

First Kept Washington's Birthday.

On February 22 , 1790, the Tammany Society celebrated the
birthday of President Washington . The regular monthly
meeting of the Society chancing to fall on that date and a
song suitable to the occasion was sung and great patriotic
fervor was evinced by the participants. The Society , at that
meeting by formal motion
*
Resolved, unanimously that the 22nd day of February *
be this day and ever hereafter commemorated by this Society as
the birth of the illustrious George Washington , President of the
United States of America.

This was the first anniversary of Washington's Birthday

after his inauguration as President , and its recognition by the
Society was the first formal notice taken of the event. Even
the Order of the Cincinnati, of which Washington was Presi
dent-General, took inspiration from the action of the Tammany
Society , and seven days thereafter, March 1 , 1790 , decided
in the future to celebrate the anniversary of his birthday.
The Tammany Society for many years faithfully observed the
occasion with appropriate patriotic ceremony.
The Society early adopted the celebration of July 4th as one
of its principal annual functions, and the custom in this state
of reading the Declaration of Independence as a part of the
4th of July program was instituted by the Tammany Society.
It is the only institution in America that has since July 4th ,
1790 , continued this custom without a single interruption.
The establishment of this ceremony has been attributed to
John Pintard, and his strong patriotic sentiment and far -seeing
appreciation of the significance of American Nationalism gives
weight to this opinion . The first four celebrations of Independ
ence Day were conducted by the Tammany Society alone with
its usual pageantry and ceremonials. On the 4th of July, 1794 ,
however, there was a concerted public recognition of the day
and the leading civic and patriotic bodies in the city combined
in the arrangement of an ostentatious ceremony to take the
22 The Tammany Museum was the first museum established in the City of New
York and the second in the United States. Although no vestige of the original col
lection now remains, nevertheless, that institution performed an important social,
educational and patriotic function in the life of the community and may properly be
regarded as the forerunner of our Historical societies, free library system and public
museums.
40
 Me Kommable Maya , Buciler, 10
sal Commenettelyn taillite ja kww.gook
Gentlemen
The suberiber la kis the liberty to solicit your favoue.
affebution to recupy me vreant / , pour the corner

Foare that ( routing the Ballerupas M Menage you the use the
Preser diving Animate andAvids that belong the Museum and there
that may karafter the collected, the present ber consists of Fire
dnimals and fare Bords.
Gentlemen Im www the more akinis
unst from the molilators have , izpeianiad ffan it firstwalleta
oren 4 gro attachment and ca desitifs to apoist and prevráte the fame,
will think with ine at this time, beds fainlich
Honourable Continues to become very
lat to her City and State at large
Condemren Thou ? temuudhai
samas known to me
Bolessure
i s the
Caw o
questlat ml
to be and soon
enclos ed wit2h a neat fence , which hell ben
adure aumental
Candiena samtid ,de as to be cine donne
om sinnum Mauno cer

Tigrinertba ker
sacher of the Musium

At the Etatanse

fome yok, szi kare 1-1994

The Beginning of Our First Zoological Gardens ; Instituted under

the auspices of the American or Tammany Museum
place of the separate functions which had theretofore charac
terized the day.
The Society included in its list of celebrations that of
November 25th , Evacuation Day , in honor of the final with
drawal of the British troops from New York City on Novem
ber 25 , 1783. In conjunction with other civic bodies it
frequently participated in parades in honor of this occasion,
but for the most part the ceremony was confined to a banquet
at the Wigwam .
This observance was continued until the outbreak of the
Mexican War, after which the event seems to have lost public
interest .
. The calendar of the society issued with the public con
stitution in 1790 included October 12, the anniversary of the
discovery of America as the day sacred to the memory of
Columbus — the Society's second patron . As a feature of the
occasion , a Long Talk usually delivered in conjunction with
a banquet , was prescribed . It early became customary to
include in the program an ode or poem dedicated to the
Great Discoverer .
The Tercentenary of the discovery of America ( the 300th
Aniversary ) was celebrated by the Society on October 12th ,
1792. The Society began its preparation for this event as
early as April 6th , 1791. The occasion was marked by a
stately ceremony in which the Society eclipsed all former
efforts in the dignity and pomp displayed. This was the first
pretentious Columbian celebration in the New World . An
attraction of the celebration was an illuminated shaft or
monument. It was ornamented with a number of transparent
devices depicting the principal events in the career of Columbus
from his reception by Queen Isabella to his imprisonment and
humiliation in a Spanish dungeon . The monument attracted
considerable public interest, and after the celebration it was
assigned to a central position among the exhibits in the
Tammany Museum, where for a number of years it was
annually illuminated on the 12th day of October.
The Society's patriotic zeal found expression in tributes
to departed statesmen and heroes of the nation. This custom
was inaugurated upon the death of Benjamin Franklin in
1790 , when the society wore its badge of mourning for thirty
days .
The Society shared the grief which pervaded the entire
country on the death of Washington , and conducted commem
orating exercises.
42
 Upon the death of Alexander Hamilton in 1804 , resolutions
of condolence were extended to his widow and family, and
the Society occupied a conspicuous place in the funeral
procession .
Again its badge of mourning, a black crepe ribbon edged
with red , was worn by the Society at the funeral of John
Pierce , who was killed in April , 1806 , by a shot from the
British sloop Leander off Sandy Hook .
In July of the following year , the badge of mourning was
again displayed for thirteen days, in memory of the sailors
of the Frigate Chesapeake who were killed by a shot from the
British sloop Leopard.
The wearing of this symbol at the death of prominent men
became a fixed custom of the Society which has survived to
the present day .

Early Patriotic Spirit.

The practical character of the Society's patriotism is shown

by its work on the fortifications guarding New York Harbor.
In 1794 when war with Great Britain seemed imminent , the
unprotected condition of the city became a subject for public
concern . The Tammany Society worked zealously to perfect
the coast defenses . Its members labored with their own
hands upon the fortifications around the harbor ; and by its
patriotic efforts won the thanks of the National Government.
In July 1807, following the unwarranted attack on the Ches
apeake, by a British sloop of war, the Society organized the
" Tammanial War Band" and volunteered their services to
President Jefferson in anticipation of war with England. A
War Song dedicated to the Band was sung at the meetings of
the Society to stimulate and " keep alive the patriotic flame."
The Society shared the intense public interest in the French
Revolution . The signal service rendered to the American
cause during the Revolutionary War was gratefully remem
bered , and the American people displayed a lively sympathy
with the French in their efforts to throw off the yoke of
despotism . The Tammany Society carried its enthusiasm for
the French Revolution to the point of holding celebrations to
commemorate its events . The first of these was held on July
14 , 1792 , “ to celebrate that day on which the French nation
wrested from the hands of tyranny their liberty and freedom . "
The Wigwam was brilliantly illuminated and decorated with
the Stars and Stripes and the Tricolor of France . At the
43
banquet, a notable feature of the gathering, congratulatory
addresses were delivered and toasts offered to the continued
freedom of the French people .
On May 12th , 1794 , a grand civic feast in honor of the
Society was given aboard the French sloop -of-war La Perdrix ,
and on the same afternoon the French Consul participated in
the anniversary celebration held on shore by the Society . On
September 22d of the same year , the officers of the Society
were the guests of the French consul at a dinner given in honor
of the new French Republic .
While the Society was slowly gyrating into the whirlpool
of politics , there arrived in New York in the fall of 1793
Citizen Genet and Mrs. Ann Julia Hatton . The former was
spokesman for France and the latter sprang into immediate
prominence as the bard of American Democracy. She cham
pioned the cause of Republicanism and dedicated to the
Democratic Society a patriotic ode embodying the French
ideas of liberty and equality with which she was imbued. Mrs.
Hatton was patronized by the Tammany Society and wrote
an opera called " Tammany, or the Indian Chief," based upon
the legends of its patrons. The Society in its zeal secured the
production of the piece in New York in March, 1794 . Its
expressions of liberty and equality created a sensation ; the
prologue and epilogue were characterized by their strong
leaning toward the principles of the French Revolution . The
Federalists severely criticized the piece and condemned its sen
timents, but it met with great favor among Republicans.
This incident tended to widen the gap between the Tam
many Society and the Federalists, and the bitterness engen
dered brought it into closer allegiance to the Democrats . The
final breech , however, between the Federalists and the Demo
crats in the Society and its taking up of the cudgels of active
politics were precipitated by the controversy over the national
excise tax , one of Hamilton's fiscal measures .
The final step in the drift of the Society towards politics
is directly due to the oppressive measures passed by the Fed
eralists during the administration of John Adams; these mea
sures carried to the extreme Hamilton's doctrine of a National
Government with highly centralized powers . Availing them
selves of their sudden supremacy in both houses of Congress ,
the Federalists placed upon the statute books, the Naturaliza
tion Act , the Alien Act and the Sedition Law .
Under the Naturalization Act the requisite term of resi
dence in the United States preliminary to qualifying for
44
 TAMMANY HOTEL ,

MANERA
MHALPIN

The “Wigwam ” From 1812 to 1868. The First Tammany Hall

citizenship was extended from five to fourteen years , and the
process of naturalization was rendered unusually stringent.
All aliens, by the provisions of the new Alien Act , were
placed under a system of surveillance, by requiring them to be
reported and registered ; they were subject to summary de
portation at the whim of the President , without cause assigned
or the right of judicial review . The President's orders, in
this respect , were to be executed by the Marshals of the Unite
States , without any recourse , whatever , to the courts .
The Sedition Law was a direct blow at free speech and
liberty of the press. Under this Act a person could not, in
speech or by writing, have criticized a Federal officer, includ
ing the Chief Executive, a member of Congress or an act
passed by that body, without incurring the risk of public
prosecution. The Federalists, distrusting the forbearance of
State Courts and prosecutors , in cases of libel against the
National Government and kindred political offences, gave
jurisdiction of the crimes under the Sedition Act to Feder
officers and tribunals in order to insure a direction of prosecut
ing machinery favorable to their party ends.
The Federalist Party weighted with the odium of these laws ,
was doomed . Public sentiment turned against it and a wave
of indignation stormed the country. With the phrases
" freedom of speech” and “ liberty of the press” on their lips ,
and with the fervor of crusaders , the Republicans , guided by
Jefferson , organized throughout the United States for the
overthrow of the Federal party.
In New York City , the Tammany Society , whose basic prin
cipes were Liberty and Equality , became the rallying point of
the supporters of personal liberty and popular rights, and co
operated with the Republicans for the election of Jefferson
to the Presidency.
In this election , the Society enrolled and canvassed the
voters with ordered precision . To meet the property quali
fications of voters , it united a number of men in the ownership
of the same piece of property, thus increasing the number of
freeholders or voters . The Presidential Electors were carried
for Jefferson and Tammany Hall had entered and won its first
political contest .
So effective was its work and so well organized was its
method of attack that after this defeat of the Federalists ,
Hamilton advocated that a society similar to the Tammany
Society in scheme of organization and activity be organized to
support the Federal Party.
46
 The day Jefferson assumed office, March 4 , 1801, was
observed as a holiday. The whole country was noisy with
bell-ringing and cannonading in honor of the Triumph of
Democracy and the inauguration of the Man of the People .
Since the news of peace swept the land in 1783 there had not
been such an exhibition of heartfelt joy. Nor was the like
of it again seen till another Democratic President-Jackson ,
Son of Tammany was elected .
Thus we find the Society launched on its political career ,
13 a militant partisan influence and champion of personal
liberty and popular rights.

47
 The Democratic Organization

HE building known as Tammany Hall is owned and con

TH trolled by the Society of Tammany or Columbian Order .
The term “ Tammany Hall,” however , in popular significance
is used to designate the Democratic party in the County of New
York . This designation arises from the fact that the assembly
hall of the Society , ever since the construction of the first Tam
many Hall in 1811 , has been the meeting place of the controlling
committees of the Democratic party .
In a similar manner the dominant forces of the local Democ
racy prior to 1811 acquired the names of " Martling Party " and
" Tammanial Party,” because they met in the Society's wigwam
at Martling's Long Room , and in the struggle with De Witt
Clinton for supremacy within the party , the faction led by
the Society was called “ Bucktails” after the well -known Tam
manial Emblem .
Since 1817 , however , the phrase " Tammany Hall” has been
used as the political name of the Democratic party in the County .
Originally an organization of purely social, charitable and
patriotic motives , the Tammany Society was transformed into
an agency for the promotion and maintenance of republican
principles. From 1800 until 1871 the Council of Sachems of
the Tammany Society, by its control of the use of the Hall,
passed upon the regularity of Committees, Conventions, and
Nominations of the party and was the directing power of party
affairs. By custom and precedent, therefore, the body that
met in Tammany Hall was regarded as the regular Democratic
party and its nominees were accepted as the regular party
candidates.
This relation of the Society to the Party is amply described
in a statement issued Feb. 4 , 1853 , by the Council of Sachems
in deciding which of two contending County Committees was
entitled to hold its meetings in the Hall. In the course of its
address the Council stated :
The Tammany Society or Columbian Order , now two -thirds of a
century old, has, for a long period of time , been a centre of Democ
racy , not * only of this City , but to some extent, of the whole
country. Its influence has been exerted to preserve in
purity and vigor, the Democratic Creed and to disseminate and
foster a spirit of harmony and conciliation among
* all who profess
its ennobling and beneficent doctrines. It would be as
reasonable to assert at noonday, in the face of the sun , that that orb
does not emit light as to deny that the Tammany Society is a
political organization . Indeed, its political fame is too extended to
need mention , much less proof of its existence.
48
 H
O

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 Our Society owns Tammany Hall — the Great Wigwam ; and by
its control of the political use of this building has exercised a mate
rial influence in respect to the Democratic Organization. Tammany
Hall has been identified with every Democratic struggle from the
time of its erection to the present. Alike in victory and defeat, it
has been the home of sound principles. Whatever may
have been the divisions in the Democratic rank, either in the Union
or in the State, the Democratic Organization in Tammar Hall has
adhered to the regular Democratic standard . The credit of these
gratifying results may in a large degree be ascribed to the influence
of our Society .
The power to determine absolutely as to the occupancy of the Hall
is vested in the Grand Council of the Tammany Society. The
Sachems have so judiciously discharged this delicate duty, that the
decisions of the Council have not only been proven by time to be
wise and salutary, but have always been cheerfully sustained by the
masses of the Democratic party.
Following the reorganization of the Democratic County
Committee in 1871, when the Assembly District was adopted
as the basis of representation , the Society slowly relinquished
its hold upon the party machinery and the evolution of state
election laws regulating party control completed the separa
tion . Thus by a singular metamorphosis the Society , which
for so many years had been the absolute dictator of Demo
cratic politics in New York County and the arbiter of party
regularity, was wholly divorced from its partisan control and
resumed its original character as a fraternal and patriotic
body .
The political organization known as Tammany Hall and
the Society of Tammany or Columbian Order in the City of
New York, are now , separate and distinct entities, the former
a body created and regulated by statute , a legalized func
tionary of party government; the latter the continuation of
an ancient and honorable patriotic movement tracing its tradi
tions and public service through nearly 150 years of active
life . The Society and the Democratic Organization , however ,
are so interlocked that it is customary for leaders of the party
to be officers of the Society . Thus the Society is today
dominated by the political institution which it created and
long controlled .

Origin of the County Committee .

The New York County Committee provides the framework
of the organization known as Tammany Hall . It is the
direct successor of the “ General Committee” whose origin may
be traced to the Ward Committee of the early days of the
Republican ( now Democratic ) scheme of party organization
in New York . The County Committee is still popularly
50
called the General Committee of the Party . However, the
term " County Committee ” has supplanted the term " General
Committee " in recent legislative enactments and judicial deci
sions relating to party government and the legal title now is
" County Committee.'
With the development of parties during Washington's ad
ministration , the system of formal nominations of the candi
dates of parties for elective office also developed, but the
growth, from within the parties, of permanent organizations ,
which should serve as regular nominating bodies , was re
tarded . Prior to 1800, no trace of this party function can
be found . At the beginning of the Republic the parties had
no need of a rigid structure, for the reason that the number
of voters was limited by the qualifications of the election fran
chise and the elective officers were not numerous . More
over , there was a ruling class in American Society, made up
of groups of men, whose wealth and social position com
manded the confidence of their fellow citizens and whose
leadership was accepted without a protest . These men were
the natural leaders in the community and dictated the policies
of the Party and " offered " candidates for the elective offices ,
who were then ratified by the general meetings of the voters
held in the various Wards .
Early in 1799 the Republicans , under the guidance of Jeffer
son , began to inaugurate a system of party machinery
throughout the United States . This system was effectively
installed in 1800. The basis of the scheme was a Party — an
association of citizens — aiming at the expression of legislative
or administrative policies through control of governmental
machinery. Its objects were the nomination of candidates ,
the promotion of unity, inspiring enthusiasm and energy , and
the political education of voters with the view of adding them
to the party ranks . The organization in each state consisted
of a General Committee, a County Committee, and of sub
Committees in the towns and Wards , with various Commit
tees on correspondence.
In New York City , the organization was based on a City
wide General Committee and sub- Committees known as Ward
Committees . As early as 1803, traces of the General Com
mittee are found. In that year the Republican voters as
sembled in each of the ten wards in the City and elected a
Ward Committee of three . These Ward representatives, con
sisting of thirty members, constituted the General Committee
which had full control of the party affairs . In addition there
was a nominating Committee of Seventy, seven delegates from
51
each Ward , which met in the assembly rooms of the Society
and nominated the candidates for public office.
The Committees ' nominations had to be submitted for ap
proval to the Republican electors , called in mass meeting in
the wards , or in general mass -meeting of all the electors in
the City . These meetings became known in time as ratifica
tion meetings. In the early development of the general or
ratification meetings, Committees were appointed to prepare
addresses to the voters , which became in effect the Party
Platform in the Campaign. Committees on Correspondence
were also designated with power to carry on the Campaign .
By 1822 , however , these functions had been absorbed by the
General Committee, which assumed full control of the Party
management.
The General Committee, started in 1803 with a membership
of thirty - three from each Ward. As late as 1853 this unit
of representation was preserved , when the Committee con
sisted of sixty members — the number of Wards having been
increased to twenty .
Between 1853 and 1869 the membership was increased
to 400 ; while the Ward was still the unit of representation ,
the members of the Committee were selected from the Elec
tion District within the Ward . This Central or County Or
ganization was charged with the general party management
during the year , such as calling public meetings, nominating
conventions and primary elections. There was a Ward Or
ganization consisting of delegates from each Election District
in the Ward , who were in permanent session . These District
representatives were considered the captains who marshalled
and led into action the rank and file of the Democratic host of
the City .
At the Democratic State Convention held at Rochester in
1871 , there were contesting delegations from New York City .
Both were rejected by the Convention , which adopted the fol
lowing resolution :
Resolved , that hereafter no delegate shall be received from the
City of New York as a member of the State Convention unless he
shall have been elected by the Assembly District Convention as
delegates are now chosen in the several counties of the state, and
that he shall present a certificate of election from the district , so
that each assembly district shall have an organization originating
with the democratic voters thereof , which shall be separate and
independent and shall have relations only with the State Con
vention and that in the organization and proceedings of state con
ventions, each district shall be separately called and each delegate
shall individually announce his vote .
Following this resolution , the Democratic General Com
mittee of the County of New York was reorganized and the
52
 1867
6189

The Present Tammany Hall, 145 East 14th Street

basis of representation in the Committee was changed from
the Ward to the Assembly District. The increase in the num
ber of voters has brought a corresponding increase in the
number of the General or County Committee, so that the
number is now regulated on the basis of the Democratic vote
cast for the party's candidate for Governor, at the preceding
Gubernatorial election. The membership of the County Com
mittee has increased from 400 in 1869 to 800 in 1874 ; to 1250
in 1880 ; to 3500 in 1893 ; to 7900 in 1908 and to 11,264 in
1924 .

Safeguarding The Ballot.

Party machinery from meagre beginnings , became more
definite and more complete from generation to generation ;
and while its enormous power was early recognized for a
long time it was regarded as a purely private association not
withstanding its eminently public character. With realiza
tion of the relationship of party machinery to public affairs,
the State adopted a policy of regulating parties by statute and
the party in the State is now recognized by law and made a
part of the regular mechanism of government .
In 1866 the New York State legislature passed an Act mak
ing corrupt practices at party primaries a misdemeanor punish
able by fine or imprisonment. In 1882 further protection was
given to the primaries and certain acts such as the false
impersonation of a voter , voting without right, prevention of
others from voting, and fraudulent concealment or destruc
tion of ballots were made crimes. A system of challenges of
voters was provided and the election officials of the general
election were directed to preside at the primaries . Four years
later , however, the provisions of the Act were restricted to
Cities of 10,000 or more inhabitants , and special provisions
were added relating to New York City . The law as amended
provided for the appointment of watchers; it required that
the ballot box be kept in a conspicuous place in full view of
the watchers ; it required the keeping of a poll list and the
making and filing of returns in the County Clerk's offices.
The qualifications to enable a voter to participate in the Pri
maries, were under the law , “ those prescribed by the regula
tions of the association holding the Primary or Convention ."
In 1898 and 1899. further safeguards were thrown around
the primaries; the state by legislative enactment recognized
the equal importance of the primary and general elections and
modeled the conduct of the primary upon the general lines of
conduct of the general election . The new laws provided for
54
the enrollment of the voters and the only exaction permitted
precedent to a voter's right to enroll was that he was required
to express an intention to support generally at the next state
or national election the nominees of his Party. Booths at the
public expense were provided , which permitted the primary
voter to cast his ballot in secret . A standard ballot and its
mode of printing was provided for , and an annual primary
day was fixed ; with provision that the polls be opened for a
fixed period of time in each Election District .
In 1911 the legislature passed an Act providing for an offi
cial ballot at the primaries printed and distributed at the pub
lic expense . The dominant idea pervading the entire series
of legislation on primary elections is the absolute assurance
to the Citizen that his wish as to the conduct of affairs by his
Party may be expressed through his ballot and thus put in
effective operation in the primaries the underlying principle
of democracy which makes the will of unfettered majority
control, or in other words the scheme is to permit the voters
to construct the party from the bottom upward instead of per
mitting leaders to construct it from the top downward . A
legal status was given to the County Committee , and admis
sion to it could only be obtained by election at the polls on
primary day . After the committee is elected , the statute
provides that it shall meet and organize , and directs that it
adopt rules and regulations for its conduct.
Under the law , therefore, the sovereign power of the party
is the enrolled voter. The Election Law provides that before
a person is entitled to participate in the party primaries that
person must have enrolled as a member of the Party at the
preceding General Registration .
The mechanics of becoming an enrolled Democrat is simple.
No person may vote at a general election unless he or she shall
first register as a voter pursuant to law . At the time of
registration such person is given an enrollment blank or ballot ,
upon which he or she may declare affiliation with the Demo
cratic Party. The enrollment blank or ballot is then deposited
in a box and kept secret until after the general election is held .
The voter's name is then placed upon the enrollment list of
the Party and the person named is then entitled to participate
at all the Party primaries during the year .

55
 Cammany Patriotism

Tammany since its inception has been the leader in patriotic

and civic movements . The following is a brief outline
of its contributions to American ideals .

1772-1782 — Tammany Societies in the Colonies were the rally

ing point of opposition to England and were leaders of
revolutionary sentiment.
1800-1820 — The Tammany Societies in the U. S. led the
struggle for popular rule and equal rights .
1790— Conciliated the Frontier Indian Tribes who were hostile
to the new Government.
Established the American or Tammany Museum — the
first Museum in New York and the forerunner of our
Historical societies, Zoological gardens , and public mu
seums .
Adopted the custom of public mourning for departed
Statesmen and Heroes.
1792 , Oct. 12—Celebrated the 300th anniversary of the Dis
covery of America with elaborate ceremony.
1792-1796 — Supported the French Revolution and the Free
dom of France.
1794, April 29 , 30 — Worked on the Fortifications around New
York Harbor when war with England seemed imminent.
1803-1804 — Advocated the Louisiana Purchase.
1808 -- Erected a vault at the Wallabout ; collected from the
beaches and interred the bones of 11,000 Soldiers and
Sailors who perished on the British Prison Ships during
the Revolution .
War with Great Britain , 1812-1815 .
Tammany supported Madison in his determination to make
war with Great Britain, and by its correspondence , mass meet
ings and resolutions created public sentiment in favor of the
protection of the American Sailors ' rights and the freedom
of the seas , and aroused public indignation against the ag
gressive and oppressive methods of England aimed at our
commerce ; its headquarters were thrown open to every sup
porter of the war regardless of political affiliations.
1806 , April- Society marched in procession at the funeral
of John Pierce, an American sailor , who was killed
by a shot from the British sloop Leander off Sandy
Hook .
56
 1807, July — Public Mourning for the Sailors of the U. S.
frigate Chesapeake who were killed by shots from
the British sloop Leopard .
July 22 — Organized the “ Tammanial War Band” and
offered their services to President Jefferson in anti
cipation of war with England .
1812 , February 26 — Adopted a resolution recommending
immediate war with Great Britain .
1812 , July 7 - Held mass meeting to approve the Declara
tion of war against England.
1813 - Supported Daniel D. Tompkins for Governor on a
platform of " Sailors' Rights, Union of the States
and Freedom of Trade on the High Seas. "
1813 , September 16 — Public procession at the funeral
of Capt. James Lawrence, who fell exclaiming,
" Don't give up the ship . '
December 1 — Tendered banquet to General Harrison .
1814, January 11 - Tendered banquet to Commodore
Perry, the hero of the naval battle of Lake Erie ,
who sent the laconic message, “ We have met the
enemy and they are ours.”
August 31 —One thousand five hundred members of the
Tammany Society worked on the fortification around
Brooklyn under the direction of Matthew L. Davis ,
the Grand Sachem .
1815 , February—Celebrated the news of Peace, with il
luminations and transparencies that attracted national
attention . Entertained elaborately the American
Peace Commissions on their return from Ghent.
During the war, its members subscribed heavily to
the bond issues for war funds ; they filled with dis
tinction many positions in the army from private to
Major-General

1819 , October 5 - Adopted mourning for 30 days on the death

of Commodore Perry .
October 11 — Published an address on National Economy ,
Home Industry and Public Schools , which attracted
wide attention for its sound principles of political
science .
1820-1821 – Conducted a campaign for Manhood Suffrage
which resulted in victory in the Constitutional Conven
tion of 1821 .
57
1821 , June 14 — Celebration of the Victory of election reform .
1823 , October 3 — Recommended an amendment to the U. S.
Constitution to elect the President by direct vote .
1824 — Tendered reception to Lafayette on his visit to the
U. S.
1825 , July 4Sympathized with Bolivar , The Great Liberator ,
who established the independence of Peru and Spanish
Colonies of South America.
1826-1827—Reduced the term of residence for eligibility to
citizenship to 5 years .
1830, November 26 — Held a large mass meeting in honor
of the French Victories over Charles X , presided over by
President Monroe .
1831 - Secured the repeal of the Debtors' Prison Law .
1832 —Supported President Jackson and his nullification
proclamation against secession ; it adopted and used as
its slogan until the conclusion of the Civil War Jackson's
famous words , “ The Union must and shall be preserved ."
1835—The Common Council of the City , under Tammany
Hall , loaned $6,000,000 at 5 % to rebuild the part of the
city destroyed by the great fire of 1835 .
1842 , May — Sympathized with Dorr in his struggle for polit
ical liberty in Rhode Island and endorsed his tocsin ,
“ Liberty shall be restored to the people .”
1845 , January 13—Passed resolution favoring the annexation
of Texas .
1846, June 1 —Held an enormous Mass Meeting on the im
pending Mexican War.
1847 , February 27— Endorsed Polk's War policy against
Mexico and volunteered their services during the war .
1839-1857 -- Conducted a strenuous fight for religious liberty
in politics, and fought and destroyed Know -Nothingism
in New York City .

The Civil War , 1861-1865

Tammany acquired international fame for its vigorous fidel

ity to the Union during the Civil War .
It raised and equipped, at its own expense, a regiment, The
Tammany Jackson Guard, 42nd New York Infantry, which
fought during the entire war. In 1891 , a monument to the
Regiment was erected by the Tammany Society on the battle
field of Gettysburg.
58
 William H. Seward , Secretary of State during the war
paid the following tribute to Tammany for its patriotic attitude
in the great conflict :
I have had some difference in my time with the Tammany
Society, but I long ago forgot them all, when I recall the fact
that the Society has never once failed to observe and honor
the anniversary of National Independence, and the further fact
that during the recent Civil War the Tammany Society sent
its sons to fight for the Union, and, with unswerving fidelity,
heartily supported the Federal Government.

1866-1873—Favored a tolerant and generous policy for recon

structing the states that seceded from the Union.
1892- Oct . 12—Celebrated the 400th anniversary of the dis
covery of America with appropriate ceremony .
1898 Raised and equipped a regiment for the Spanish
American War and tendered it to President McKinley,
it , however, was never mustered into service .
After our Country declared war upon Germany ( April 7 ,
1917 ) , Tammany Hall unanimously passed the following reso
lution :
Whereas, the President, acting under the authority granted him
by the Congress of the United States, has declared this country to
be in a state of war and has called upon the citizen's to render, such
aid as may be within their power ; and
Whereas, It therefore becomes the privilege and the patriotic duty
of every citizen to tender to the Nation such support as he may be
capable of , for the energetic prosecution of the war and the
achievement of an honorable and decisive victory ; now therefore
be it
Resolved, That the Democratic County Committee of the County
of New York hereby pledges the loyal and united support of its
members to the President of the United States, and tenders to the
Government the free and unrestricted use of the buildings consti
tuting the headquarters of the District Committees in the thirty
one districts in the County of New York, as well as all services
that this Committee, numbering six thousand (6,000 ) can render,
whether for the recruiting of men, the development of economic
resources or the relief of those to whom the war will bring distress,
in order to sustain the President in the maintaining of the honor of
the Nation, the defense of our citizens by land and by sea , and the
establishment throughout the world of those principles of justice,
freedom and democracy of which this country is the impartial advo
cate, and for the promotion and maintenance of which this party
was organized ; further
Resolved, That a Committee of four, of whom the Chairman of
this County Committee shall be one, be appointed by the Chairman
for the purpose of delivering to the President at the Capitol of
the Nation a copy of this resolution, together with a statement of
the location of such assembly district headquarters, and of such
facts as will show the available resources of the Democratic County
Committee.
59
 It is needless to say that Tammany Hall had a great many
of its members fighting the cause of democracy in the trenches
overseas, and that it achieved a great record here in the sale
of Liberty Bonds. It would be impossible , in the confines of a
manuscript of this size , to give even a short history of the
many Tammanyites who glorified themselves on the battle
fields of France .
A typical illustration will suffice :
Percival E. Nagle , although 60 years of age , enlisted as a
private and was soon promoted to the rank of Major of Field
Artillery . He took part in thirty - four engagements ; he was
twice cited for meritorious service in the presence of the enemy
and was awarded the Croix -de - Guerre with Palm and Star .
His official discharge from the Army bears the endorsement :
Service the highest . Faithful and efficient officer ; cool and
courageous under fire.
Major Nagle was a Tammany District Leader and at the
time of his death , December, 1923 , was Sheriff of New York
County .
1919_ - Favored self -determination for Ireland at the Paris
Peace Conference .
In every crisis through which our American Government
has passed , Tammany has been in the forefront of the fight
for freedom and Democracy. Its labors have perpetuated the
principles of liberty and independence on which our govern
ment was founded .

60
 ES
STAT
UNITED
VIRU
SOFA e
dh

CPEOPLES

տման
միանշահագուլպա հարցով

SUHT TO

tes

ADORESXIETY 24 SAS POR

MIPA

The Late Charles F. Murphy Standing by the Engrossed Copy

of the Declaration of Independence in Tammany Hall

61
 Distinguished Sons of Tammany

HE Tammany movement from its inception attracted to

THitsE membership men of substance and influence. The
roster of the early Tammany Societies is embellished with
the names of eminent scholars, scientists, men of letters, pub
licists , members of the Professions , and Patriots of the Revolu
tion . These men passed to the later day Tammany Societies
a glorious heritage of patriotism , civic ideals, progressive
thought and sound principles of conduct in the national life
of our Country . This heritage , in its fullest significance , was
accepted by the New York Tammany Society and made the
foundation of its Articles of Faith ; for one hundred and
thirty -five years the impelling power and achievements of its
membership has been a constructive force in the development
of the Nation . From its ranks were drawn men of action
and character to solve the political and economic problems
of their time. During this long span of time the inembership
of the Society which is drawn from the enterprising citizenry
of the City, has made momentous contributions to the develop
ment and up -building of our City , our State , and our Nation ;
to industry and commerce; to charitable and social work ; to
religious and personal liberty ; to civic ideals and good citizen
ship ; to Statecraft and International comity ; to literature ; to
art and to the sciences . Their great public service in crystaliz
ing the sentiments and traditions of American patriotism ,
and in the championship of the principles of true democracy
have aided in no small measure our National growth .
To the Constitution of the New York Tammany Society
is affixed the signatures of members of the “ Sons of Liberty ”;
of the Revolutionary Committees on Correspondence , Resist
ance and Safety ; of the Boston Tea Party ; of the Provincial
and Continental Congress , and of officers and soldiers of the
American army of the Revolution. The Society may point
with real pride to the signatures ( attached to its membership
roll ) of signers to the Declaration of Independence, a Presi
dent of the United States , three Vice - Presidents of the United
States ; five cabinet members of the United States ; fourteen
Governors of the State of New York ; eight United States
Senators ; thirteen speakers of the New York Assembly ;
Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States and of
the State of New York ; twenty-three Mayors of the City of
62
New York , Ambassadors to foreign countries, and members
of Congress.
The following names will serve to illustrate the eminence
and representative character of the Membership of the Society :
Deceased Members .
STEPHEN ALLEN , Grand
Sachem , 1813-14 ; Alderman ,
Mayor, 1821-22; State Senator ;
Member Court of Errors .
JOHN ARMSTRONG ( 1755
1843 ) , United States Senator
from New York 1800-1802 ;
1803-1804 ; United States Min
ister to France 1804-1810 ;
Brigadier- General 1812 ; Secre
| tary of War 1813-1814.
AUGUST BELMONT ( 1816
1890 ), Sachem. Consul Gen. of
Austria in New York 1844-1850 ;
Charge d'Affaires at the Haglie
1853-1855; American Minister
Resident at the Hague 1855
1858 ; delegate to Democratic
National Convention 1860 ; Head
of Democratic organization
1860-1872. Banker and Financier.
WALTER BOWNE, Grand
Sachem 1820 ; State Senator ;
Mayor 1827-1831. Member of
the Council of Appointment.
JOHN R. BRADY, Judge of Su
preme Court.
SANFORD E. CHURCH (1815
1880 ), Sachem 1872-1873; mem
ber of Assembly ; Lieutenant
Governor ; State Comptroller ;
delegate to Constitutional Con
vention ; Chief Judge of Court of
Appeals.
DE WITT CLINTON ( 1769.
1828 ) , Scribe of Tammany So
ciety 1791-1792 ; Member of
State Legislature; United States
Senator ; Mayor of New York
City ; Governor ; father of Erie
Canal which he opened October
26 , 1826 .
GEORGE CLINTON (1739
1812 ) , Sachem 1801-1802 ; Mem
ber of State Assembly 1768 ;
Continental Congress 1775-1776 ;
63
Brigadier -General of Militia
1777 ; Governor State of New
York 1777-1795 ; 1801-1804 ; dele
gate to State Convention which
ratified Federal Constitution ;
Vice- President of U. S. 1804
1812.
GEORGE CLINTON , JR . ( 1804
1849 ), Sachem 1799-1800 ; Mem
ber State Constitutional Con
vention 1801 ; Member of As
sembly 1804-1805 ; Member of
Congress 1805-1809.
JOHN COCHRANE ( Sachem
1886-1891 ), Surveyor Port of
New York 1853-1857 ; Member
of Congresses; Brigadier-Gen
eral Union Army, 1862 ; Attor
ney - General of New York, 1863
1865, Collector of Internal Rev
enue New York, 1869.
CADWALLADER D. COLDEN
( 1769-1834 ), Colonel 1812 ;
Mayor New York City 1818
1821 ; State Assembly 1818 ;
State Senate 1825-1827 ; Repre
senative in Congress 1821-1823.
WILLIAM BOURKE COCK
RAN ( 1854-1923 ) , Grand
Sachem ; Delegate to Democratic
State Convention 1881 ; Speaker
at Democratic National Con
ventions 1884 and 1892 ; Member
of Congress ; Orator.
CLARCKSON CROLIUS ( 1773
1843, Grand Sachem 1810-1811 ;
Speaker of the Assembly, 1825 ;
Founder of the American Insti
tute ; Major in the War of 1812 ;
1811 laid the cornerstone of the
first Tammany Hall .
VDAVIS L. MATTHEW ( 1766
1850 ) , Grand Sachem 1813-1815 ;
Prominent Mason , Master of
Washington Lodge ; Printer and
Author ; wrote Memoirs of
Aaron Burr.
JOHN ADAMS DIX ( 1798-1879 ) ,
Sachem 1860-1863 ; Secretary of
State, New York ; United States
Senator ; Postmaster of New .
York ; Secretary of the U. S.
Treasury ; Major - General in
Union Army; United States
Minister to France ; Governor of
New York ; January 29, 1861 .
sent the famous message to Col
lector of the Port of New Or
leans : " If anyone attempts to
haul down the American flag
shoot him on the spot.”
PHILIP HENRY D E G R 0 ,
Grand Sachem 1885-1886 ; New
York Assembly 1879 ; 47th Con
gress 1881-1883; declined nomi
nation for New York City
Comptroller 1884 ; Justice Supe
rior Court, New York, 1886
1896 ; Supreme Court 1896-1914 .
DANIEL DOUGHERTY , Law
yer and Orator .
CHARLES P. DALY , Judge of
Court of Common Pleas .
RICHARD B. DAVIS , Sachem
1797-1800 ; Poet.
DUDLEY FIELD ( 1805-1894 ) ,
Member of Commission on Legal
Practice and Procedure, 1847
1850 ; Member State Commission
to prepare penal and civil code,
1857-1865 ; Member of Congress ,
1877.
NICHOLAS FISH ( 1758-1833 ),
Adj.-Gen . of N. Y., 1784-1793 ;
Supervisor of U. S. Revenue,
1794 ; President N. Y. State So
ciety of Cincinnati, 1797-1805 ;
Alderman, 1806-1817.
SAMUEL FRAUNCES , Founder
of Fraunces' Tavern ; Steward
and Chef to President Washing
ton.
LEONARD GANSEVOORT
( 1751-1810 ) , Colonel Light Cay
alry in the Revolutionary War ;
Member Provincial Congress ,
1775-1776 ; President of the Col
onial Executive in 1777 ; Dele
gate Continental Congress, 1787
64
1788 ; Member Council of Ap
pointment of Commercial Con
vention , 1786 ; State Senate, 1871
1893; State Assembly, 1778-1779 ;
Judge of Probate Court, 1799.
THOMAS FRANCIS GRADY
( 1853-1912 ), Lawyer ; Member
of Assembly ; State Senator ; Po
lice Justice ; Democratic Leader
of the Senate ; Chief Speaker at
Democratic State and National
Conventions.
ANDREW HASWELL GREEN ,
School Commissioner, 1848 ;
President Board of Education,
1856 ; Member Board of Com
missioners of Central Park, 1857 ;
Comptroller of Central Park,
1859 ; Comptroller of City and
County, 1871 ; Father of Greater
New York .
ABRAM STEPHEN HEWIT1
( 1822-1903 ), Sachem, 1873-1876 ;
Lawyer and Merchant; Member
of Congress; Mayor of New
York.
JOHN T. HOFFMAN ( 1828
1888 ), Grand Sachem , 1866-1869 ;
Lawyer ; Recorder of the City
of New York ; Mayor of the
City of New York ; Governor of
the State of New York.
JOSIAH OGDEN HOFFMAN
( 1767-1837 ), Grand Sachein ,
1791-1792 ; Member State As
sembly ; Attorney - General of
New York State ; Recorder of
City of New York ; Judge of the
Supreme Court .
CHARLES G. HALPINE , Jour
nalist, Poet . Wrote under the
name of Miles O'Reilly.
JUDAH HAMMOND , Grand
Sachem, 1809-1810 ; wrote Poli
tical History of New York.
HENRY HILTON Lawyer ;
Park Commissioner, 1780.
DANIEL INGRAHAM , Judge of
Court of Common Pleas .
JOHN T. IRVING , Judge of
Court of Common Pleas ;
brother of Washington Irving.
ANDREW JACKSON ( 1767 MANTON MARBLE ( 1834 ) ,
1845 ) , United States Senator ; Wrote Democratic State Plat
Major General in the War of form, 1874 ; Democratic National
1812 ; won the battle of New Platform, 1876 and 1884. Spe
Orleans ; President of the cial envoy to governments of
United States, 1829-1837. Great Britain , France and Ger
many , 1885 .
RICHARD M. JOHNSON ( 1780
1850 ) , Kentucky Legislature SAMUEL L. MITCHILL (1764
1803 ; Congress, 1807-1819 ; U. S. 1831) , Member State Assembly ,
Senate, 1819-1829 ; Vice - Presi 1791-1798 ; Member of Congress,
dent of U. S., 1832. 1801-1804 ; 1809-1813 ; United
DIXON H. LEWIS ( 1802-1848 ), States Senator, 1804-1809 ; Pre
Member of Congress , 1829 fessor of Chemistry, Columbia
1844 ; U. S. Senator from Ala College; author and lecturer,
bama, 1844-1848. practicing physician .

MORGAN LEWIS ( 1754-1844 ), ' JACOB MORTON ( 1761-1836 ) ,

Lawyer ; soldier in Revolution ; Delegate to Second New York
Member of State Legislature ; Provincial Congress ; Comman
Attorney General; Judge Su der of Morton's Brigade ; Hon
preme Court ; Chief Judge ; orary Member of New York
Governor of New York ; State State Society of Cincinnati in
Senator ; Major General, U. S. 1794 ; Brigadier General in the
Army in War of 1812 . War of 1812 ; Member of As
sembly ; Alderman ; Comptroller ;
BROCKHOLST LIVINGSTON , City Inspector ; Clerk of Com
Justice of the Supreme Court of mon Council . Called “ The Little
the United States, 1806-1823. God of War.”
EDWARD LIVINGSTON ( 1764- 'HERCULES MULLIGAN .
1836 ) , Lawyer ; Member of Con Joined Society November 16,
gress ; United States District 1789 ; Patriot of the Revolution ;
Attorney ; Mayor of New York one of the founders of the “ Sons
City ; Member of Louisiana State of Liberty” and induced Alex
Legislature ; United States Sen ander Hamilton to become a
ator; Secretary of State, U. S.; Liberty Boy ; Member of the
Minister Plenipotentiary to New York Revolutionary Cour
France ; author of the Louisiana mittee of Correspondence , May
Code. 1 , 1775 ; Member of the Provi
PETER R. LIVINGSTON , sional War Comniittee or Com
Grand Sachem , 1795-1796 ; 1796 mittee of Resistance of 100 of
1797 ; State Senator ; Member of the City of New York ; July 9,
Congress ; Speaker of the State 1776 , led in the destruction of
Assembly. the statue of the English King
at Bowling Green ; as “ Confiden
LLOYD THOMAS ( 1756-1827 ) ; cial Correspondent" to General
joined Society March 31 , 1790 . Washington was practically
Author , soldier, patriot of the Chief of the Military Intelligence
Revolution . Wounded and taken
Bureau during the Revolution .
prisoner September 11 , 1777 , at
the Battle of Brandywine . CHARLES FRANCIS MUR
Father of American Shorthand PHY , Sachem , 1898-1924. Dock
Reporting. Shorthand reporter of Commissioner of the City of
the First National House of New York, 1898-1902 ; Leader of
Representatives of the United Tammany Hall from 1902 to
States . 1924.
65
 CHARLES O'CONOR ( 1804
1884 ) , noted Lawyer ; Senior
Counsel for Jefferson Davis after
Civil War.
WHEELER H. PECKHAM
( 1833-1905 ) , Constitutional Law
yer ; nominated for United States
Supreme Court by President
Cleveland ; nomination rejected
by the Senate who later con
firmed the appointment of his
brother, Rufus W. Peckham, as
United States Supreme Court
Judge.
EDWARDS PIERREPONT
( 1817-1892 ) , Sachem , 1867-1868 ;
Lawyer ; Justice Superior Court
of New York City ; United
States Attorney for the South
ern
United States Attorney-General;
Minister to Great Britain.
JOHN PINTARD (1759-1844),
Sagamore, 1790-1791 ; Sachem,
1791-1792; Philanthropist; father
of historical societies in Amer
ica ; served in American Army
when British occupied New
York ; founder of American or
Tammany Museum , the first
museum in New York ; organ
ized the first savings bank in
New York.
ZEPHANIAH PLATT ( 1740
1807 ) , Delegate to Continental
Congress , 1784 - 1786 ; District
Judge for several yars .
LUCIUS ROBINSON ( 1810
1891 ) , Lawyer ; Master of Chan
cery of New York City ; Member
of Assembly ; State Comptroller ;
Governor of the State of New
York.
JOHN R. B. RODGERS (1753
1833 ) , Grand Sachem ,1792-1793;
son of Rev. John Rodgers, D.D.
( the first American Doctor of
Divinity ) , the friend and Chap
lain of Washington ; Chairman
of the Board of Trustees of the
American Museum , 1791-1793 ;
as Surgeon on the Medical Staff,
suffered with General Washing
66
ton the privations of the Ameri
can Army at Valley Forge ; Pro
fessor of Obstetrics in Colum
bia College, as a teacher, writer
and a practitioner won distinction
in the medical profession.
HENRY RUTGERS ( 1745
1830 ), the most liberal philan
thropist of his age, contributing
largely to aid religious and edu
cational enterprises; ardent sup
porter of the war of 1812 ; Mem
ber of Assembly, 1784, 1801 ,
1802, 1807 ; contributed and as
sisted in raising funds to build
Tammany Hall ; Regent of the
University of the State of New
York from 1802-1826, and Presi
dent of the Public School So
ciety in New York City.
NATHAN SANFORD (1777
1838 ), Sachem 1802-1803 ; Law
yer ; United States Commissioner
in Bankruptcy ; United States
Attorney for New York ; Assem
blyman ; State Senator ; United
States Senator ; Delegate consti
tutional Convention ; Chancellor
of New York.
JOSHUA SANDS ( 1758-1835 ) ;
State Senator 1792-1799 ; Col
lector of Customs Port of New
York 1797 ; Member of Congress.
HORATIO SEYMOUR Sachem
1872-1873 ; Military Assem
blyman ; Speaker of Assembly ;
Governor of New York ; Demo
cratic Candidate for President
1868.
JOHN SMITH ( 1755-1816 ) ;
Member State Assembly 1784
1799 ; Delegate in Convention
which adopted Federal Consti
tution 1788 ; Member Congresses ;
United States Senator 1804
1813 ; United States Marshal,
District of New York 1813-1816.
*MELANCTON SMITH ( 1724
1798 ) ; Sachem 1791-1792 ; Mem
ber of First Provincial Con
gress ; Member Continental Con
gress ; Prominent Anti- Federal
ist Leader.
 THOMAS F. SMITH , Member
of Congress ; Public Administra
tor New York County; Secre
tary of Tammany Hall for
twenty-five years.
DR . WILLIAM PITT SMITH
( 1760-1796 ) ; Grand Sachem
1790-1791 ; 1793-1794 ; Trustee
and Treasurer of the American
Museum under the patronage of
the Tammany Society 1792 ;
served in the Hospital Depart
ment of the Continental Army in
the Revolution ; Member of the
New York Assembly 1792 ;
Health Officer of the Port ;
Professor of Materia Medica in
the Columbia College ; Orator
and Poet ; wrote numerous
pamphlets against slavery ;
known as " the Classical Dr.
Smith .”
AUGUSTUS SCHELL , Grand
Sachem 1872-1883; Lawyer ;
President of the New York His
torical Society.
FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON,
Lawyer ; Partner of Grover
Cleveland .
SAMUEL JONES TILDEN
( 1814-1886 ) ; Sachem 1857-1858 ;
1872-1875 ; Lawyer ; Member
of State Assembly; Member of
Constitutional Convention ;
Founder of New York State Bar
Association ; Governor ; nomi
nated for President of the U. S.
in 1876 and obtained a majority
of popular vote but was declared
defeated by an electoral com
mission .
DANIEL D. TOMPKINS (1774
1825 ) . Sachem , 1822-1823 ; Law
yer ; Presiding Officer at Con
stitutional Convention of 1821 ;
Member of Congress ; Member
of Assembly ; Justice Supreme
Court ; Governor 1807-1817 ;
Vice - President of the United
States 1817-1825 .
JOHN VAN BUREN ( 1810
1866 ), Son of Martin Van Buren ;
67
Lawyer ; Attache of Legation at
London ; Attorney General State
of New York ; took active part
in the Political Canvass for the
Exclusion of Slavery ; known as
Prince John.
PHILIP VAN CORTLANDT
( 1749-1831 ), Brigadier General
Revolutionary War ; Delegate to
State Convention, 1788 ; Member
State Assembly, 1788-1790 ; State
Senator, 1791-1793; Member of
Congress, 1793-1809.
STEPHEN VAN RENSSELAER
( 1765-1839) , Member of As
sembly ; State Senator ; Lieu
tenant Governor ; Major General
of Volunteers in War of 1812 ;
Member of Canal Commission
and its President ; Member State
Constitutional Convention ;
Member of Congress.
ROBERT A. VAN WYCK ( 1849
1918 ) , Lawyer ; Judge of the
City Court of New York ; first
Mayor of Greater New York ;
founder of the Holland Society
of New York City.
CHAS. H. VAN BRUNT , Justice
of the Appellate Division.
"PETER H. WENDOVER , Saul
em, 1801-1802 ; Sheriff of New
York County ; Member of Con
gress ; sponsored the bill in Con
gress in 1816 that fixed the
present form of the American
flag.
WILLIAM C. WHITNEY ( 1841
1904 ) , Corporation Counsel, 1875
1882 ; Secretary of Navy, 1885
1889 ; Manager of Democratic
Presidential Campaigns, 1884
and 1892 .
LEVI WOODBURY ( 1789-1851 ) ,
Governor of New Hampshire ;
U. S. Senator ; Secretary of the
Navy ; Secretary of the Treas
ury ; Justice of the Supreme
Court of the U. S.
 GEORGE CLINTON
First Governor of New York and Vice-President of the
United States in 1809
Sachem of the Tammany Society, 1801-1802
 Present Members .
WILLIAM ALLEN ,
Lawyer and Chairman of
Executive Committee.
JOAB H. BANTON ,
District Attorney .
MANUEL BLOCK ,
Leader of the Assembly.
MAURICE BLUMENTHAL ,
Lawyer.
WILLIAM P. BURR,
Justice of the Supreme Court.
John F. CURRY,
District Leader ; Commisisoner
of Records .
THOMAS W. CHURCHILL,
Justice of the Supreme Court.
DANIEL F. COHALAN ,
Former Justice of the Supreme
Court.
SALVATORE COTILLO,
Justice of the Supreme Court.
CHARLES W. CULKIN ,
District Leader ; Merchant.
DR . THOMAS DARLINGTON ,
Former Health Commissioner.
JOSEPH P. DAY,
Auctioneer.
John H. DELANEY,
Dock Commissioner.
PETER DOELGER,
Merchant.
Geo. L. DONELLAN ,
District Leader ; Lawyer.
CHARLES D. DONOHUE ,
Judge of the Supreme Court .
PHILIP F. DONOHUE ,
Commissioner Board of Water
Supply.
JEROME F. DONOVAN,
Former Member of Congress.
PETER J. DOOLING,
Sheriff.
VICTOR J. DOWLING ,
Justice of the Appellate Division.
CHARLES J. DIEGES,
the Merchant.
TERENCE FARLEY,
Legal Adviser to Gov. Smith.
MAURICE FEATHERSON ,
Former Commissioner of Water,
Gas and Electricity.
THOMAS L. FEITNER,
Former Tax Commissioner.
EDWARD J. FLYNN,
Sheriff of The Bronx.
JAMES A. FOLEY,
Surrogate.
THOMAS F. FOLEY,
District Leader ; former Sheriff.
CHARLES V. FORNES,
Former President of Board of
Aldermen ; Merchant.
John F. GALVIN,
Manufacturer ; former Chairman
of Board of Water Supply .
JAMES W. GERARD,
Former Justice of the Supreme
Court ; Ambassador to Germany.
LEONARD A. GIEGERICH ,
Justice of the Supreme Court .
John F. GILCHRIST,
State Tax Commissioner.
FRANK J. GOODWIN ,
District Leader ; Clerk of City
Court .
WILLIAM F. GRELL,
Former Sheriff.
CHARLES L. GUY ,
Justice of the Supreme Court.
Louis F. HAFFEN,
Engineer ; former President of
the Borough of The Bronx .
GEN . HENRY DE WITT HAMILTON .
JAMES A. HAMILTON ,
Secretary of State of New York.
Ernest L. HAMMER,
Public Administrator of Bronx
County.
69
Moses HERMANN , M. WARLEY PLATZEK ,
Justice of the Court of Special Justice of the Supreme Court.
Session . Dr. E. S. POTTER,
JAMES J. HOEY, JACOB RUPPERT,
Insurance Broker ; former mem Merchant.
ber of Assembly.
WILLIS HOLLY , DANIEL L. RYAN,
Secretary of Tammany Society . Secretary of Tammany Hall .
DANIEL H. KNOTT, John GODFREY SAXE,
Former Sheriff ; Chairman of Former State Senator.
County Committee. THOMAS I. SHERIDAN ,
EDWARD B. LAFETRA , State Senator.
Justice of the City Court. ALFRED E. SMITH,
FRANKLIN LEONARD, Jr., Governor.
Lawyer. WILLIAM SOHMER,
GEORGE W. LOFT, Merchant ; former State Comp
Merchant. troller.
ROBERT L. LUCE, ADOLPH SONNENTHAL,
Former Justice of the Supreme Banker.
Court. NATHAN STRAUS,
RICHARD P. LYDON , Philanthropist.
Justice of the Supreme Court. ALFRED J. Talley,
John V. McAvoy, Judge of the Court of General
Justice of the Appellate Division. Sessions .
MARTIN MCCUE, JOHN M. TIERNEY,
District Leader ; former State Justice of the Supreme Court.
Senator. SAMUEL UNTERMEYER,
GEORGE B. McCLELLAN , Lawyer.
Former Mayor ; Professor al John R. VOORHIS,
Princeton University . Elections Commissioner ; Grand
Sachem .
John F. MCINTYRE ,
ROBERT F. WAGNER,
Judge of Court of General Ses
sions. Justice of the Supreme Court.
JEREMIAH T. MAHONEY, JAMES GARRETT WALLACE,
Judge of the Supreme Court. Assistant District Attorney.
FRANCIS X. MANCUSO, John L. WALSH ,
Judge of the Court of General Justice of the City Court.
Sessions. GROVER A. WHALEN ,
Commissioner of Plant and
JOSEPH E. NEWBURGER,
Former Justice of the Supreme Structures .
Court ; O'fficial Referee. PATRICK A. WHITNEY,
LEWIS Nixon , Deputy Comptroller.
Ship Builder ; former Leader of E. G. WHITTAKER ,
Tammany Hall . Former Justice of the Supreme
John P. O'BRIEN, Court.
Surrogate. THOMAS A. WILLIAMS,
MORGAN J. O'BRIEN , District Leader ; Contractor.
Former Presiding Justice of the I. MAURICE WORMSER,
Appellate Division . Editor of the Law Journal .
JAMES A. O'GORMAN , LORENZ ZELLER,
Former Justice of the Supreme Former Justice of the City
Court; U. S. Senator. Court ; Official Referee.
70
Distinguished Members of the Sister Branches of
New York Tammany Society .
HENRY CLAY.
( 1777-1852 ) member of the
Tammany Society, Lexington,
Ky .; member of Congress, U. S.
Senator ; Speaker of the House
of Representatives ; Secretary of
State of U. S .; twice candidate
for President.
WILLIAM DUANE.
( 1760-1835 ) Sachem of the
Phila. Tammany Society ; Journ
alist and author ; one of the
founders of the Democratic
party ; Editor of the " Aurora "
at Phila. , 1796-1822.
MICHAEL LEIB.
1760-1822 ) Grand Sachem of
the Phila . Tammany Society ;
practicing physician ; member of
Congress, U. S. Senator ; Post
Master of Phila .
THOMAS McKEAN.
(1734-1817 ) Sachem of the
Phila . Tammany Society ; mem
ber of the Continental Congress ;
Chief Justice of Penna.; Patriot
of the Revolution ; Governor of
Penna.
WILLIAM L. MARCY.
( 1786-1857) Member of the
Tammany Society, Troy, N. Y.;
Justice of the Supreme Court ,
N. Y.; U. S. Senator ; Gov
ernor of New York ; Secretary
of War ; Secretary of State of
U. S.
EDWARD TIFFIN .
( 1766-1829 ) Grand Sachem ,
Tammany Society, Chillicothe ,
71
the
Ohio ; Methodist preacher and
practicing physician ; first Gov
ernor of Ohio ; U. S. Senator ;
Speaker of the Ohio State
Assembly.
BENJAMIN F. THOMPSON .
Grand Sachem of the Brook
haven, Long Island Tammany
Society , 1810 ; Historian of
Long Island.
SILAS WRIGHT.
( 1795-1847 ) Member of the
Tammany Society, Troy , N. Y .;
member of Congress ; U. S.
Senator ; Comptroller of N. Y .;
Governor of New York.
HENRY WHEATON.
Member of the Tammany
Society, Providence, R. I .; edi
tor of the National Advocate ,
New York, 1812 ; reporter of the
Supreme Court of the U. S .;
Justice of the Marine Court of
the City of New York ; law part
'ner of Daniel Webster ; renowned
authority on international law ;
professor of international law,
Harvard University ; U. S. Min
ister to Denmark and to Prussia.
JOHN E. WOOL.
( 1784-1869) Member of Tam
many Society, Troy, N. Y.; Lt.
Colonel in War of 1812 ; Briga
dier -General in the Mexican
War ; decorated by Congress for
gallantry at the Battle of Buena
Vista ; Major -General in the
Civil War.
 Aid to the Distressed

For a Century and a Quarter Tammany has Never Failed

a Call of the Suffering and the Needy Whether
at Home or Across the Seas .

From an early date it aided imprisoned debtors.

1801. Aided the sufferers during the yellow fever epidemic.
1835. Fed and clothed the victims of the great fire of 1835 .
1837. Fed and clothed the needy in the panic of 1837 .
1857. Aided the poor in the panic of 1857 .
1861-1865. Aided the families of the soldiers that fell in the
Civil War .
1873. Aided the poor in the hard times following the reaction
of the Civil War.
1888. Aided the sick and poor in the Blizzard of 1888 .
1893. Aided the poor during the Winter of 1893.
1898. Aided poor during the Winter of 1898 .

Contributed to :
Johnstown Flood sufferers.
San Francisco Earthquake sufferers.
Galveston Flood sufferers.
Messina Earthquake sufferers.
Japan's Earthquake sufferers .
Kishenef Massacre victims.
Slocum disaster sufferers.
Cuban Freedom Fund .
Charles Stewart Parnell Homestead Fund.
The Roosevelt Memorial.
The Wilson Memorial .
Irish Republic Bond Issue.

Tammany Hall is not merely a political organization. It is

also a social, fraternal and welfare association and a companion,
friend and adviser to the voter . Each leader knows his dis
trict thoroughly and is in close association with the citizens , the
72
families and homes ; he keeps an amazing knowledge of the
residents, their habits , needs, desires and pursuits. Employ
ment is procured for the idle , aid distributed to the needy , the
sick are comforted, and the unfortunates are befriended . The
organization is daily a fountain of benefits to the needy and
the helpless . This social service is tersely described in the
following words by Charles A. Beard, the leading authority
and writer on Political Science in the United States, and the
present Director of the Bureau of Municipal Research, a strict
critic of Tammany Hall in New York :
Tammany is our greatest social service agency and it holds its
power because it understands sympathetically the needs and trials of
the masses . Its leaders visit these who are sick and in distress .
* They give drink to those who are athirst and bread to those
who are hungry. Tammany asks no questions and fills out no pink
and green cards. Its office hours are not from ten to four but
continuous. * *
Its virtue is its humanity, its understanding
of the human needs of the common man. * * Under two
Tammany Mayors the Health Department of the City of New
York was transferred into the greatest single public service of its
kind in the world .

73
 DEMOCRATIC CONVENTION 1868
HELD IN TAMMANY HALL

The Democratic Convention of 1868 met at New York, July

4-11 , ith ex -Governor Horatio Seymour ( N. Y. ) as Chair
man , and on the twenty-second ballot nominated Horatio Sey.
mour for President. The other principal candidates were : ex
Congressman George H. Pendleton ( Ohio ) , who stood for the
Greenback element in the party ; President Andrew Johnson
Gen. Winfield S. Hancock ( Pa .) , ex- State Comptroller San
ford E. Church ( N. Y. ) , ex- Congressman Asa Packer ( Pa . ) ,
ex- Governor Joel Parker ( N. J. ) , Governor James E. English
( Conn . ) , and U. S. Senator James R. Doolittle ( Wis . ) . The
nomination for Vice President went , on the first ballot , to
ex- Congressman Francis P. Blair, Jr. (Mo.).
The Democratic platform demanded : Immediate restoration
of all the States to their rights ; amnesty for past political
offenses ; payment of the public debt ; equal taxation ; a single
currency ; Government economy and abolition of the Freed
men's Bureau ; protection to naturalized citizens . The plat
form denounced Andrew Johnson .
Rep. Dem. Rep. Dem.
State Grant, Seymour, State Grant, Seymour,
Alabama 76,366 72,088 Nebraska 9,729 5,439
Arkansas 22,112 19,078 Nevada 6,480 5,218
California 54,583 54,077 New Hampshire 37,718 30,575
Connecticut 50,788 47,844 New Jersey 80,131 83,001
Delaware 7,614 10,957 New York 419,883 429,883
Florida North Carolina 96,769 84,601
Georgia 57,134 102,722 Ohio 280,167 238,621
Illinois 250,293 199,143 Oregon 10,961 11,125
Indiana 176,552 166,980 Pennsylvania 342,280 313,382
Iowa 120,399 74,040 Rhode Island 12,993 6,548
Kansas 30,028 13,620 South Carolina 62,301 45,237
Kentucky 39,566 115,890 Tennessee 56,62 8 26,129
Louisiana 33,263 88,225 Texas
Maine 70,493 42,460 Vermont 44,167 12,045
Maryland 30,438 62,537 Virginia
Massachusetts 136,477 59,408 West Virginia 28,638 19,982
Michigan 113,229 82,364 Wisconsin 108,857 84,710
Minnesota 43,722 28,096
Mississippi Total ...... 3,015,071 2,709,615
Missouri 86,860 65,628

74
 MM SO
AN CI
ET
Y Y

ILICONE

Interior of Tammany Hall During th

 AV
EN

PROPATHIA

OBLO

National Democratic Convention of 1868

 National Democratic Conventions

1832—Baltimore, May 21. Nominated for President, Andrew Jackson ;

Vice President, Martin Van Buren. ( Elected. )
1836– Baltimore, May 20. Nominated for President, by acclamation ,
Martin Van Buren ; Vice President, Richard M. Johnson.
( Elected . )
1840 — Baltimore, May 5. Nominated for President, unanimously, Mar
tin Van Buren ; Vice President, Richard M. Johnson. ( Defeated . )
1844–Baltimore, May 27-29. Nominated for President, ninth ballot ,
James K. Polk ; Vice President, George M. Dallas. ( Elected . )
1848—Baltimore, May 22-26. Nominated for President, fourth ballot,
Lewis Cass ; Vice President, second ballot, William O. Butler.
( Defeated. )
1852—Baltimore , June 1-6 . Nominated for President, forty-ninth ballot ,
Franklin Pierce ; Vice President, second ballot, William Rufus
King. ( Elected. )
1856 - Cincinnati, June 2-6. Nominated for President, first ballot, James
Buchanan; Vice President , second ballot, John C. Breckenridge.
( Elected . )
1860 — Charleston, April 23. Nominated for President, second ballot ,
Stephen A. Douglas ; Vice President, H. V. Johnson . ( Defeated . )
1864—Chicago , August 29. Nominated for President, first ballot, George
B. McClellan ; Vice President, second ballot, George H. Pendle
ton . ( Defeated . )
1868 — New York , July 4-11 . Nominated for President, twenty -second
ballot, Horatio Seymour ; Vice President , first ballot, Francis P.
Blair. ( Defeated . )
1872 — Baltimore, July 9. Nominated for President, Horace Greeley ;
Vice President, Benjamin Gratz Brown. ( Defeated . )
1876— St. Louis, June 27-29. Nominated for President , second ballot,
Samuel J. Tilden ; Vice President, first ballot , Thomas A. Hen
dricks . ( Defeated .)
1880 — Cincinnati, June 22-24. Nominated for President, second ballot ,
Winfield Scott Hancock ; Vice President, William H. English .
( Defeated . )
1884 — Chicago, June 8-11. Nominated for President, second ballot,
Grover Cleveland ; Vice President , first ballot, Thomas A. Hen
dricks . ( Elected . )
1888 —- St. Louis, June 5. Nominated for President , by acclamation ,
Grover Cleveland; Vice President, first ballot, Allen G. Thur
man . ( Defeated . )
1892– Chicago, June 21. Nominated for President , first ballot, Grover
Cleveland ; Vice President, first ballot , Adlai E. Stevenson.
( Elected .)
1896 — Chicago, July 7. Nominated for President, fifth ballot , William
Jennings Bryan ; Vice President, fifth ballot, Arthur Sewall.
( Defeated . )
77
1900—Kansas City, July 4 . Nominated for President , unanimously,
William Jennings Bryan ; Vice President, first ballot, Adlai E.
Stevenson. ( Defeated. )
1904 — St. Louis, July 7. Nominated for President, first ballot, Alton B.
Parker ; Vice President, Henry G. Davis. (Defeated .)
1908 – Denver, July 7. Nominated for President, first ballot, William J.
Bryan ; Vice President, unanimously , John W. Kern. (Defeated .)
1912—Baltimore, June 25. Nominated for President, forty-sixth ballot,
Woodrow Wilson ; Vice President, Thomas R. Marshall.
( Elected. )
1916 – St. Louis, June 14. Nominated for President, by acclamation,
Woodrow Wilson ; Vice President, by acclamation, Thomas R.
Marshall . ( Elected . )
1920– San Francisco, June 28. Nominated for President, forty - fourth
ballot, James M. Cox ; Vice President , by acclamation, Franklin
D. Roosevelt. ( Defeated .)

78
 Electoral Votes for President, 1892-1920,

By Parties and States

1892. 1896. 1900. 1904. 1908. 1912. 1916. 1920 .

:::::::::

:::::
R. D. P. R. D.P.R. D. R. D. R. D. R. D. P. R. D. R. D. Tota

Amai

:eaio
iwwers
Alabama 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12

Eseri
Arizona 3 3 3 3

odni

wvaa
Arkansas 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9

Fwi
wo
:woo
California 8 8 2 11 13 13

:::::
10 10 13
:DEwa

swi
E
:AAL
D
6 6

inai
Colorado 4
Connecticut 6 6 7 7

io
6w
beri
A

wiw

:::
3 3

:a
Delaware 3 3
weet

w
4 To

iv
Florida :: 6

::::::::::::
:::

Georgia 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14
::
wi
::::

Idaho 3 3 3 4 4 4
Illinois 24 24 24 27 27 29 29 29 29
Indiana 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
o :::::

Iowa 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
00-8

Kansas 10 10 10 10 1C 10 10 10 10
occo
Taiki
::::

13
Joieri

Kentucky 12 1 13 13 13 13 13 13
:::
botti
aA:cAloei

Louisiana 8 8 10 10
wii

9 10 10
ie
ain
Tiki

w::

Maine 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
:SA
:
co:oi

8 8 8 1 2 8 8 8 8
.
:
8:

Maryland
Massachusetts 15 15 15 16 16 18
monte 18 18 18
::::

D:• ar
Michigan 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15
:::::
wow

Minnesota 9 9 11 11 12 12 12 12
::
sig

Mississippi 9 10 10 10 10 10
Missouri 17 18 18
. ::::
17 18 18 18 18
AW00
6:::
::::

: 0ui

Montana 3 3 3 4 4 4 4
woo

:
ook

Nebraska 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
o
6.8A
:vi
wi

::::::::

Nevada 3 3 3 3 3 3
:

New Hampshire 4 4 4 4 4
New Jersey 10 10 10 12 12 14 14 14
New Mexico 3 3
New York 36 36 36 39 45 45 45
North Carolina 11 11 12 12 12 12 12
North Dakota
8
:R

1 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 5
1

Ohio 22 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 24
Oklahoma 10 10 10 10
Oregon 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5
Pennsylvania 32 32 32 34 34 38 38 38 38
::::

Rhode Island 4 4 5 5 5
South Carolina 9
. :

vi
Mi
::

South Dakota 4 5 5 5
::

Tennessee 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
OON
seveni

Texas 15 15 15 18 18 20 20 20 20
3 3
Aw

Utah 3 3 4 4 4
::

Vermont 4 4 4 4 4
:

Virginia 12
Washington 4 4 5 7
West Virginia 6 6 6 7 8 8
Wisconsin 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13
Wyoming 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Total ....... 145 277 22 271 176 292 155 336 140 321 162 8 435 88 254 277 404 127 531
Plurality ... 132 95 137 196 159 347 23 277
Arizona became a State February 14, 1912. New Mexico was admitted January 6, 1912.

79
The 1924 Democratic National Convention

The representation of the States and Territories in the 1924

Democratic National Convention is the same as in that of 1920,
except that the Canal Zone has six delegates instead of two,
and is as follows :
Votes necessary to nominate under the two- thirds rule-732.

Dele Dele
State . gates. State. gates
Alabama 24 New Mexico . 6
Arizona 6 New York 90
Arkansas 18 North Carolina . 24
California 26 North Dakota 10
Colorado 12 Ohio 48
Connecticut 14 Oklahoma 20
Delaware 6 Oregon 10
Florida 12 Pennsylvania 76
Georgia 28 Rhode Island 10
Idaho 8 South Carolina 18
Illinois 58 South Dakota . 10
Indiana 30 Tennessee 24
Iowa 26 Texas 40
Kansas 20 Utah 8
Kentucky 26 Vermont 8
Louisiana 20 Virginia 24
Maine 12 Washington 14
Maryland 16 West Virginia 16
Massachusetts 36 Wisconsin 26
Michigan 30 Wyoming 6
Minnesota 24 Alaska ... 6
Mississippi 20 District of Columbia .. 6
Missouri 36 Hawaii 6
Montana 8 Philippines 6
Nebraska 16 Porto Rico 6
Nevada 6 Canal Zone .. 6
New Hampshire 8
New Jersey 28 Total . 1,098
80
 Democratic National Committee

1924

General Officers
Cordell Hull ..... Chairman
Charles A. Greathouse . . Secretary
George F. Mara .. Assistant to the Chairman
J. Bruce Kremer . Vice -Chairman
Samuel B. Amidon .. Vice- Chairman
Mrs. Emily Newell Blair ..Vice- Chairman
Richard Linthicum ... .Director of Publicity
Burt New .... Executive Secretary

National Committeemen National Committeewomen

ALABAMA
Walter Moore, Mrs. John D. McNeel ,
Birmingham Birmingham
ARIZONA
W. L. Barnum , Mrs. B. J. McKinney,
Phoenix Tucson
ARKANSAS
Vincent M. Miles , Mrs. James D. Head,
Fort Smith Texarkana
CALIFORNIA
Isidore B. Dockweler, Mrs. Charles L. Donohue,
Los Angeles Oakland
COLORADO
Miles G. Saunders , Mrs. Gertrude A. Lee ,
Pueblo Denver
CONNECTICUT
Homer S. Cummings, Miss Caroline Ruutz- Rees,
Stamford Greenwich
DELAWARE
Andrew C. Gray, Miss Lena Evans,
Wilmington Newark
FLORIDA
J. T. G. Crawford Mrs. Lois K. Mayes,
Jacksonville Pensacola
GEORGIA
Clark Howell Mrs. F. I. McIntire,
Atlanta Savannah
IDAHO
Robert H. Elder Teresa M. Graham ,
Coeur d'Alene Coeur d'Alene
ILLINOIS
Charles Boeschenstein, Mrs. A. L. Smith,
Edwardsville Chicago
81
 National Committeemen National Committeewomen
INDIANA
Charles A. Greathouse, Mrs. Bessie L. Riggs,
Indianapolis Sullivan
IOWA
Wilbur W. Marsh, Miss A. B. Lawther ,
Waterloo Dubuque
KANSAS
Samuel H. Amidon , Mrs. Florence G. Farley ,
Wichita Wichita
KENTUCKY
Johnson N. Camden, Mrs. J. C. Cantrill,
Versailles Georgetown
LOUISIANA ( PROXY ) .
Samuel B. Hicks , Shreveport Mrs. J. E. Friend,
( Frank J. Looney, Shreveport ) New Orleans
MAINE
D. J. McGillicuddy . Mrs. Gertrude M. Pattangall,
Lewiston Augusta
MARYLAND
John W. Smith, Mrs. Julia Hamilton Briscoe .
Snow Hill Hagerstown
MASSACHUSETTS
Edward W. Quinn, Mrs. M. F. Sullivan,
Cambridge Fall River
MICHIGAN
Judge William F. Connelly, Mrs. L. C. Boltwood,
Detroit Grand Rapids
MINNESOTA
Howard Everett, Mrs. Peter Olesen,
St. Paul Northfield
MISSISSIPPI
Oscar G. Johnson, Mrs. Emily Newell Blair,
St. Louis Washington, D. C.
MONTANA
J. Bruce Kremer , Mrs. R. R. Purcell ,
Butte Helena
NEBRASKA
W. H. Thompson, Dr. Jennie Callfas,
Grand Island 903 Merver Park Blvd. , Omah ,
NEVADA
Samuel Pickett , Mrs. James D. Finch,
Reno Reno
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Robert C. Murchie. Dorothy B. Jackson ,
Concord Concord
NEW JERSEY
Frank Hague , Mrs. James J. Pillington,
Jersey City Jersey City
NEW MEXICO
Arthur Seligman, Mrs. W. F. Kirby ,
Santa Fe Tucumcari
82
 National Committeemen National Committeewomen
NEW YORK
Norman E. Mack, Miss Elizabeth Marbury,
Buffalo New York City
NORTH CAROLINA
Angus W. McLean, Miss Mary O. Graham,
Lumberton Raleigh
NORTH DAKOTA
H. H. Perry, Mrs. Sveinbjorn Johnson,
Ellendale Bismark
OHIO—
George White, Mrs. Bernice S. Pyke,
Marietta Cleveland
OKLAHOMA
George L. Bowerman , Mrs. D. A. McDugal,
Kingfisher Sapulpa
OREGON
Dr. J. W. Morrow, Mrs. Rose G. Schieffelin ,
Portland Medford
PENNSYLVANIA
Joseph F. Guffey , Miss Mary Archer,
Pittsburg Reading
RHODE ISLAND
Patrick H. Quinn, Mrs. Robert E. Newton,
Providence Providence
SOUTH CAROLINA
John Gary Evans , Mrs. Leroy Springs,
Spartanburg Lancaster
SOUTH DAKOTA
James Mee, Mrs. William Hickey,
Centerville Sioux Falls
TENNESSEE
Cordell Hull Mrs. Benton McMillin,
Carthage Nashville
TEXAS
Thomas B. Love, Mrs. Nonie Boren Mahoney,
Dallas Dallas
UTAH
James H. Moyle, Mrs. Weston Vernon,
Salt Lake City Logan
VERMONT
Frank H. Duffy, Mrs. C. M. Breslin,
Rutland Rutland
VIRGINIA,
Carter Glass, Mrs. Beverly H. Munford,
Lynchburg Richmond
WASHINGTON
George F. Christensen, Mrs. E. D. Christian ,
Stevenson Spokane
WEST VIRGINIA
C. W. Osenton , Mrs. Rose McGraw de Berriz,
Fayetteville Grafton
83
 National Committeemen National Committeewomen
WISCONSIN
Joseph Martin, Mrs. Gertrude Bowler,
Green Bay Sheboygan
WYOMING
Patrick J. Quealy, Mrs. R. D. Hawley,
Kemmerer Douglas
ALASKA
L. J. Donohoe, Mrs. John W. Troy,
Cordova San Francisco , Calif.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
John F. Costello, Mrs. Thomas F. Walsh,
Washington Washington
HAWAII
John H. Wilson , Mrs. L. L. McCandless,
Honolulu Honolulu
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS
Robert E. Manly,
Naga, Camerines Sur
PORTO RICO
Henry W. Dooley, Mrs. Isable Locke Horton,
San Juan Mayagues
CANAL ZONE
M. A. Otero, Mrs. D. F. Reeder,
Sante Fe , New Mexico Ancon

84
 New York State

LIST OF DELEGATES AND ALTERNATES

of the
DEMOCRATIC PARTY
to the
DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION
NEW YORK CITY , JUNE 24 , 1924

Delegates- At-Large Alternate Delegates -At-Large

Royal S. Copeland, New York City George R. Lunn , Schenectady
Franklin D. Roosevelt, Hyde Park Edward Riegelmann, Brooklyn
William H. Kelley, Syracuse William H. Fitzpatrick, Buffalo
Meyer Jacobstein , Rochester William F. Grell, New York City
Elisabeth Marbury, New York City Dorothea Courten, Richmond Hill
Caroline O'Day , Rye Elizabeth Colbert, Albany
Alice Campbell Good, Brooklyn Harriet May Mills, Syracuse
Katherine S. Pfohl , Buffalo Jessie R. Nicol, Elmira
1st Congressional District
Delegates Alternates
Leroy J. Weed , Garden City Frank L. Crocker, Searington , L. I.
Lathrop Brown, St. James Katherine McSweeney , Flushing
2nd Congressional District
Maurice E. Connolly , Corona Irene Vanderhof, Long Island City
Mason 0. Smedley, Elmhurst Albert C. Benninger, Evergreen
3rd Congressional District
Michael Fogarty, Brooklyn Evelyn Ward Rehm , Brooklyn
Henry Hasenflug, Sr., Brooklyn David Senft, Brooklyn
4th Congressional District
Thomas H. Cullen , Brooklyn Marcella Callan , Brooklyn
William J. Heffernan , Brooklyn John J. Curtin, Brooklyn
5th Congressional District
John B. Johnston, Brooklyn Ellen M. Joyce, Brooklyn
James P. Judge, Brooklyn Mary A. Parker, Brooklyn
6th Congressional District
John H. McCooey, Brooklyn Marry F. O'Malley, Brooklyn
John J Fitzgerald , Brooklyn Minnie J. Abel, Brooklyn
7th Congressional District
Thomas J. Drennan , Brooklyn Harry Howard Dale, Jr. , Brooklyn
John F. Quayle, Brooklyn Martha Guilfoyle, Brooklyn
8th Congressional District
Thomas F. Wogan, Brooklyn Lillian Murphy, Brooklyn
Jennie McMahon, Brooklyn John J. Dorman, Brooklyn
85
 9th Congressional District
Delegates Alternates
James P. Sinnott, Brooklyn Gertrude D. McMahon , Brooklyn
William F. Delaney, Brooklyn Dorothea Courten, Richmond Hill
10th Congressional District
William F. Thompson , Brooklyn Hyman Shorenstein , Brooklyn
James J. Saxton, Brooklyn Agnes Riley, Brooklyn
11th Congressional District
Thomas F. Foley, New York City Mayme Mufanti, New York City
Anning S. Prall, W. New Brighton Camille McSorley, West New
Brighton
12th Congressional District
Nathan Straus, New York City Peter Brady, New York City
Henry M. Goldfogle, New York Rebecca Hoffman , New York City
City
13th Congressional District
James J. Walker, New York City Stella DiSalvio, New York City
Bainbridge Colby, New York City Christopher D. Sullivan, N. Y. C.
14th Congressional District
John W. Perilli, New York City David H , Knott, New York City
Arthur J. Baldwin , New York City John T. Farley, New York City
15th Congressional District
George W. Loft, New York City Louis LaTour, New York City
Martha Byrne, New York City Ellen Downey, New York City
16th Congressional District
* Charles F. Murphy, New York William T. Collins, New York
City City
Lewis Nixon, New York City Otto B. Shulhof, New York City
17th Congressional District
Herbert C. Pell, New York City Julius Miller, New York City
Rosalie S. Phillips, New York City Ida Blair , New York City
18th Congressional District
John F. Carew, New York City Anna Naughton, New York City
James W. Gerard, New York City David Maier, New York City
19th Congressional District
Joseph Johnson , New York City . John J. O'Keefe, New York City
Anna Quinn , New York City Anna M. Kross, New York City
20th Congressional District
Nathan Burkan, New York City Sara Paul , New York City
Francesco M. Ferrari , New York Stephen J. Meagher, New York
City City
21st Congressional District
Murray Hulbert, New York City Paul A. Collins , New York City
Annie Mathews, New York City Elizabeth V. McCrystal, New York
City
86
 22nd Congressional District
Delegates Alternates
Morgan J.O'Brien , New York City James J. Hoey, New York City
Daniel L. Ryan, New York City Mary A. Clark, New York City

23rd Congressional District

Edward J. Flynn , New York City Mary E. Shea , New York City
Henry Bruckner, New York City Edna F. Standish, New York City

24th Congressional District

Louis D. Gibbs, New York City Sara Friedman, New York City
Michael J. Walsh, Yonkers Harry T. Foley, Yonkers

25th Congressional District

James A. Farley, Stony Point John H. McArdle , Mamaroneck
Augustus Thomas, New Rochelle John J. Sinmott , North Tarrytown

26th Congressional District

Frederick Osborn , rison Margaret Mack, Poughkeepsie
Henry Hunter, Cornwall Florence L. Ketchum, Warwick
27th Congressional District
John Connor, Philmont George B. Van Valkenburgh ,
Catskill
Roscoe Irwin, Kingston Edward A. Dox , Richmondville

28th Congressional District

Martin H. Glynn , Albany Parker Corning, Genmont
James W. Fleming, Troy James H. Caldwell, Troy
29th Congressional District
Joseph A. Kellogg, Glens Falls George Brett, Whitehall
Arthur J. Leonard, Saratoga Cecilia D. Patten , Saratoga
Springs Springs

30th Congressional District

James C. McDonald , Schenectady Carl L. Fry, Northville
W. Arthur Kline, Amsterdam Josiah H. Danforth, Gloversville
31st Congressional District
Thomas F. Conway, Plattsburg Andrew B. Cooney, Malone
William F. Dineen, Ogdensburg Joseph Levy, Malone
32nd Congressional District
Charles E. Norris , Carthage Peter E. McGovern, Lowville
Francis E. Cullen , Oswego John H. Richardson , Oneida
33rd Congressional District
James D. Smith , Utica Frank H. Shall, Little Falls
Albert R. Kessinger, Rome Joseph Felts , Verona
34th Congressional District
William W. Farley, Binghamton La Verne P. Butts, Oneonta
Clayton L. Wheeler, Hancock David F. Lee, Norwich
87
 35th Congressional District
Delegates Alternates
John H. Walrath, Syracuse Anna Reitze, Syracuse
Neal Brewster, Syracuse Fay C. Parsons, Cortland
36th Congressional District
Thomas M. Osborne, Auburn William Mackin, Waterloo
George K. Shuler, Lyons Gilbert H. Baker, Penn Yan
37th Congressional District
Edward J. Dunn , Elmira John W. Gurnett, Watkins
Minor McDaniels , Ithaca Mabel G. Baldwin, Waverly
38th Congressional District
Harlan W. Rippey, Rochester Julia D. Tierney, Rochester
John F. Dailey, Rochester Adelaide Goode, Irondequoit
39th Congressional District
Albert C. Olp, Mt. Morris Austin J. Mahoney, Rochester
David A. White, Medina Elizabeth J. Ward, Rochester
40th Congressional District
Carl Sherman , Buffalo William J. Lande feld , Buffalo
Dow Vroman , Tonawanda William Laughlin, Niagara Falls
41st Congressional District
Norman E. Mack, Buffalo Joseph Rubico, Brooklyn
Al. J. Egloff, Buffalo John C. Stiglmeier, Sloan
42nd Congressional District
William J. Conners, Buffalo William H. Ryan, Buffalo
John P. Sullivan, Buffalo John Krysinski, Buffalo
43rd Congressional District
Thomas J. Cummongs, Dunkirk Homer Preston , Jamestown
Jeremiah Toohey , Olean Fred Mulkins, Friendship
*Died April 25, 1924.

88
 Democratic County Chairmen

New York State

ALBANY KINGS
E. J. O'Connell , Albany John J. Dorman , Brooklyn
ALLEGANY LEWIS
Robert Morgan, Cuba P. McGovern , Lowville
BRONX LIVINGSTON
H. B. Chambers, New York John Gilman , Scottsburg
BROOME MADISON
W. H. Riley, Binghamton Dr. O. Pfaff, Oneida
CATTARAUGUS MONROE ,
Fay P. Greene, Olean Harold H. Simms, Rochester
CAYUGA MONTGOMERY
Harry R. Malone, Auburn Arthur Kline, Amsterdam
CHAUTAUQUA NASSAU
H. J. Hayes, Dunkirk G. J. Reardon , Freeport, L. I.
CHEMUNG NEW YORK
F. J. Sullivan, Elmira D. H. Knott, New York
CHENANGO NIAGARA
D. F. Lee, Norwich D. Vroman , North Tonawanda
CLINTON ONEIDA
Thomas F. Coultry, Altona A. Merrill , Utica
COLUMBIA ONONDAGA
A. W. Hover, Germantown Henry B. Brewster, Syracuse
CORTLAND ONTARIO
W. W. Harrington, Cortland J. P. Sheehan , Clifton Springs
DELAWARE ORANGE
E. S. White, Walton H. W. Chadeayne, Newburgh
DUTCHESS ORLEANS
Philip A. Mylod , Poughkeepsie B. Ryan, Albion
ERIE OSWEGO
John P. Sullivan, Buffalo J. Fitzgibbons, Oswego
ESSEX OTSEGO
R. Lockwood, Ticonderoga L. P. Butts, Oneonta
FRANKLIN PUTNAM
Joseph Levy, Malone 0. Montrose, Cold Spring
FULTON QUEENS
J. H. Danforth , Gloversville J. Butler, L. I. C.
GENESSEE
J. Clark, Batavia, R.F. D. RENSSELAER
J. P. McNamee, Troy
GREENE
T. J. O'Hara, Prattsville RICHMOND
HAMILTON T. R. McGinley, St. George,
S. I.
C. L. Fry , Wells
HERKIMER : ROCKLAND
J. Rossman, Mohawk J. A. Farley , Stony Point
JEFFERSON ST. LAWRENCE
T. A. Hendricks, Watertown W. F. Dinneen, Ogdensburg
89
SARATOGA TIOGA
William H. Hickey , Mechan C. 0. Seabring, Owego
icsville TOMPKINS
SCHENECTADY B. F. Lent , Ithaca
J. J. Moffett, Schenectady ULSTER
SCHOHARIE Roscoe Irwin , Kingston
I. J. Harrington, Richmond WARREN
ville M. J. Collins , Jr., Glens Fall :
SCHUYLER WASHINGTON
L. H. Durland, Watkins John Burns, Hudson Falls
SENECA WAYNE
William J. Mackin, Waterloo C. R. Pratt, Williamston
STEUBEN WESTCHESTER
F. McCabe, Campbell O. L. Warren, White Plains
SUFFOLK WYOMING
W. T. Hulse, Westhampton F. L. Morris, Warsaw
Beach , L. I.
SULLIVAN YATES
John J. Burns, Monticello J. P. Craugh , Penn Yan

90
 Democratic State Committee

New York State, 1924-1925

Officers
Chairman .. .Herbert C. Pell , Jr.
Associate Chairman .Mrs . Daniel O'Day
Secretary . Robert J. Powers
Treasurer . Edward E. Perkins
Assembly Assembly
District County District County
Albany Columbia
1

Edwin Corning John Connor

2 Daniel P. O'Connell
3 Michael T. Smith Cortland
Fay C. Parsons
Allegany
Sumner B. Tuttle Delaware
Jerome J. Farrell
Bronx
1 Louis F. Haffen Dutchess
1

2 Edward J. Flynn Henry Morgenthau, Jr.

3 George T. Brown 2 John E. Mack
4 Thomas J. Dolen
5 William S. Evans Erie
1

6 Thomas H. O'Neil John J. Griffin

7 Charles F. Griffin 2 Louis Goldring
8 Philip J. Kearns 3 Edward C. Dethloff
4 William J. O'Brien
Broome 5 Alex. A. Patrzykowski
1

Tracy Farley 6 William C. Culliton

2 George W. King 7 Frank J. Offerman
8 Wells W. Parker
Cattaraugus
John D. Dowd Essex
Roy Lockwood
Cayuga
Charles F. Rattigan Franklin
Andrew B. Cooney
Chautauqua
1

William W. Ward Fulton- Hamilton

2 Homer Preston Josiah H. Danforth
Chemung Genesee
Daniel Sheehan Albert F. Kleps
Chenango Greene
John H. Curtis Lee F. Betts
Clinton Herkimer
Victor F. Boire Cornelius Haley
91
Assembly Assembly
District County District County
Jefferson 3 Frank J. Goodwin
Charles E. Norris 4 Edward J. Ahern
5 Peter J. Dooling
Kings 6 David Lazarus
1 James J. Browne 7 James J. Hagan
8 Solomon Goldenkranz
2 Joseph Fennelly 9 James A. Beha
3 James Kane 10 George L. Donnellan
4 Thomas J. Drennan
5 James J. Sexton 11 James J. Hines
6 Charles W. Jannicky 12 Charles F. Murphy*
13 Thomas Kane
7 William J. Heffernan
8 Patrick J. Diamond 14 Thomas M. Farley
9 Thomas E. Wogan 15 Frank J. Briarly
10 Peter A. Carey 16 Stephen A. Ruddy
11 Josep A. Guider 17 James J. Frawley
12 Timothy E. Griffin 18 Nicholas J. Hayes
19 William Allen
13 George W. Lindsay
14 Daniel J. Carroll 20 Clarence H. Neal , Jr.
15 Peter McGuinnes 21 Edmund P. Holahan
16 Kenneth F. Sutherland 22 Joseph J. McCormick
23 David C. Lewis
17 Peter B. Hansom
18 John H. McCooey *Died April 25 , 1924
19 Henry Hasenflug Niagara
20 William F. Delaney
21 Henry Hesterberg 1 D. Gurney Spalding
22 James P. Sinnott 2 M. Joseph Gormley
23 Hyman Shorenstein Oneida
1

Charles A. McKernan
Lewis
2 Francis Dempsey
Harry P. Gould 3 John D. McMahon
Livingston Onondaga
1

Albert C. Olp William G. Stuart

2 William H. Kelley
Madison
3 Richard P. Byrne
Henry T. Lesis
Ontario
Monroe
Thomas J. Bolger
1

Leo Boehler
2 Patrick A. Grimes Orange
3 Frank J. Ritz 1 Henry W. Chadeayne
4 Joseph Adams 2 William P. Gregg
5 John B. Hodges
Orleans
Montgomery David A. White
Andrew J. Lenahan
Oswego
Nassau
John Fitzgibbons
1

Thomas J. Cuff
2 Philip N. Krug Otsego
New York Clermonte G. Tennant
Putnam
1

Thomas F. Foley
2 Ralph Delli Paoli Otis Montrose
92
Assembly Assembly
District County District County
Queens Suffolk

1
Thomas F. Greene George C. Young
2 Joseph T. Quinn 2 Frederick Sheide
3 Mason 0. Smedley
4 John R. Higgins Sullivan
5 Peter F. Albrecht George N. Hembdt
Carl Berger
Rensselaer Tioga
1

Philip Kerrigan
Gerald B. Fitzgerald
2 Joseph Riley Tompkins
Richmond Minor McDaniels
Thomas R. McGinley
Ulster
Rockland Harry E. Schirick
Frank Comesky
Warren
St. Lawrence
1 David H. Corcoran Joseph A. Kellogg
2 Jeremiah M. Sullivan
Washington
Saratoga Winfield A. Huppuch
Clarence H. Knapp
Wayne
Schenectady
Clarence R. Pratt
1

Walter G. Robinson
2 Patrick J. Brearton Westchester
1

Schoharie Robert A. Osborne

L. E. Robbe 2 P. A. Murphy
3 John J. Sinnott
Schuyler 4 Thomas A. Brogan
John M. Quirk 5 Michael J. Walsh
Seneca Wyoming
Joseph F. Marshall
James E. Murphy
Steuben
Yates
1

James Hallahan
2 Thomas J. Glynn Dennis C. Pierce

93
 Tammany Assembly District Leaders

New York County, 1924-1925

Dist. Leader Clubhouse Associate- Leader

1 Daniel E. Finn Huron Club Mrs. Margaret Fay
59 Broome Street
Thomas F. Foley Downtown Tammany Club Mrs. Thomas J. Nolan
59 Madison Street
2 Harry C. Perry Second Assembly Dist. Miss Elvira Coffre
Democratic Club
364 Bowery
Christopher D. Sullivan The Tammany Club Mrs. Barbara Porges
263 Grand Street
3 Charles W. Culkin The Jeffersonian Club Mrs. Clara E. Keenan
301 West 12th Street
Frank J. Goodwin Horatio Seymour Club Mrs. Mary G. Murphy
267 West 25th Street
Charles H. Hussey Chas. H. Hussey Ass'n Mrs. Ellen Downey
464 Eighth Avenue
4 Edward J. Ahearn John F. Ahearn Ass'n Mrs. Mary Halpin
290 East Broadway
5 Peter J. Dooling The Tammany Club Mrs. Mary E. Connolly
315 West 42d Street
Thomas J. McManus The T. J. McManus Ass'n Mrs. B. McCarthy
728 Ninth Avenue
John F. Curry John F. Curry Ass'n Miss Martha Byrne
413 West 57th Street
6 David Lazarus Jefferson Club Mrs. Benjamin Hoffman
247 Seventh Street
7 James J. Hagen Amsterdam Dem . Club Mrs. N. Taylor Phillips
131 West 64th Street
8 Solomon Goldenkranz The Tammany Club Mrs. Frances Bauman
67 St. Marks Place
9 Thomas A. Williams Thos . A. Williams Demo Mrs. Sadie E. Garland
cratic Organization
259 West 97th Street
10 Charles L. Kohler Iroquois Club Mrs. Agnes P. Husch
139 West 14th Street
Geo . L. Donnellan Tonkawa Club Miss Loretta Bonner
61 West 49th Street
11 James J. Hines Monongahela Dem . Club Mrs. E. F. Stewart
292 Manhattan Avenue
12 Charles F. Murphy * Anawanda Club Miss Elizabeth M. Barry
Wm. P. Kenneally 345 Second Avenue
Michael J. Cruise Tammany Central Ass'n Miss Anna Montgomery
226 East 32d Street
Martin G. McCue The Tammany Club Mrs. Mary A. Hagerty
760 Third Avenue
94
Dist. Leader Clubhouse Associate - Leader
13 Andrew B. Keating Andrew B. Keating Ass'n Mrs. Abbey Shay Hughes
600 West 125th Street
14 Thomas M. Farley Thos. M. Farley Ass'n Mrs. Elizabeth McDonald
369 East 62d Street
15 Frank L. Briarly Osceola Club Mrs. Ella Hastings
1019 Madison Avenue
16 Stephen Ruddy Cherokee Club Mrs. Mary Russell
334 East 79th Street
Michael Cosgrove Thannawaga Club Mrs. Anna Naughton
326 East 86th Street
17 Nathan Burkan Wichita Club Miss Rose Rothenberg
74 West 114th Street
Mrs. Sara Paul
18 John J. Dietz Miami Club Mrs. Frances S. Ecker
1451 Lexington Avenue
H. Warren Hubbard Pocasset Club Mrs. Mary A. Quigley
208 East 116th Street
19 William Allen Cayuga Club Miss Annie Matthews
2043 Seventh Avenue
20 Clarence Neal Kanawha Club Mrs. Sadita E. Wilson
161 East 124th Street
21 Edmund P. Holahan Chicopee Democratic Club Mrs. May Guttentag
728 St. Nicholas Avenue
22 Joseph J. McCormick 22d A. D. Democratic Club Miss Elizabeth V. McCrystal
423 West 156th Street
23 John Mara Minqua Club Mrs. Katherine D. Codding
600 West 181st Street
* Died April 25 , 1924.

95
-
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Copyright by Marceau, N. Y.

ALFRED E. SMITH

M. B. Brown Printing & Binding Co.

PADED UNDER COUNCIL 37-41 Chambers St. , New York