Mimansha Patel et.al.

Exploring Research Methodology: Review Article

International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 48 Vol.6; Issue: 3; March 2019

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................................1
1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................1
2 Objectives of Research .............................................................................................................................................1
Types of Research ........................................................................................................................................................1
1. Basic Research: ........................................................................................................................................................1
2. Applied Research:- ..................................................................................................................................................1
3. Empirical Research: ................................................................................................................................................1
4. Qualitative Research ...............................................................................................................................................1
5. Quantitative research ..............................................................................................................................................2
6. Descriptive Research ...............................................................................................................................................2
Research Process..........................................................................................................................................................2
1. Formulating the research problem ........................................................................................................................2
2. Extensive literature survey .....................................................................................................................................2
3. Developing a working hypothesis ...........................................................................................................................2
4. Preparing the research design ................................................................................................................................2
5. Determining sample design .....................................................................................................................................2
6. Collecting the data: ..................................................................................................................................................3
Important methods for collecting the Primary data .................................................................................................3
Questionnaire ...........................................................................................................................................................3
Interview...................................................................................................................................................................3
Observation ..............................................................................................................................................................3
7. Analysis of data:.......................................................................................................................................................3
8. Hypothesis-testing ....................................................................................................................................................3
9. Generalizations’ and interpretation .......................................................................................................................3
10. Preparation of the report or the thesis .................................................................................................................3
Research Approach .....................................................................................................................................................4
The study has the following Strengths & weaknesses ...............................................................................................4
A, Strength of the study ..............................................................................................................................................4
B. Weakness of the study.............................................................................................................................................4
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................................4
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 Mimansha Patel et.al. Exploring Research Methodology: Review Article
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 48 Vol.6; Issue: 3; March 2019

ABSTRACT
Research methodology is the science of studying how research is done scientifically. In order to
be a good researcher, researchers need to know how to apply various research techniques to
different problems. This means they need to understand the assumptions and criteria by which
they can decide which techniques and procedures are applicable to certain problems.

Keywords: Research, Methodology, Research Methodology, Research Techniques, Qualitative

research, Quantitative Research
1 INTRODUCTION
Research Methodology is science of studying how research is done scientifically. Redman and
Mory define research as a "systematized effort to gain new knowledge". The Advanced Learner's
Dictionary defines research as "a careful investigation or inquiry especially through search for
new facts". It is a way to systematically solve the research problem by logically adopting various
steps.
2 Objectives of Research
The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through the application of scientific
procedures. The main aim of a research study is to find out the truth which is hidden and which
has not been discovered as yet.
Types of Research
Research can be classified on the basis of time, purpose, settings, place and technique. Some
researches have similarities and some have little variations. But all the types of research have its
own significance.
1. Basic Research:
Research for the sake of enhancement of knowledge is termed as Basic Research. It is concerned
with the generalizations and also with the formulation of new theory. Basic research may not
produce solutions or results to the present problem but it contributes something to the scientific
knowledge
2. Applied Research:-
In an applied research one solves certain problems employing well known and accepted theories and
principles. The main intention is to find solutions to the current problems being faced by an
institution, society, business or in government offices. It is also known as practical research.
3. Empirical Research:
For good results, researchers should develop their experimental designs and provide working
hypotheses before beginning their research. Should develop his experimental designs and should
provide working hypothesis before the commencement of his research for good output
4. Qualitative Research:
As the name itself suggests, this research is concerned with the qualitative process. It generally
works with the study of human behavior. By this research one can find the body language,
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attitude, opinions, feelings etc. it is also called as „Motivation Research‟.

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 Mimansha Patel et.al. Exploring Research Methodology: Review Article
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 48 Vol.6; Issue: 3; March 2019

5. Quantitative research
Qualitative research is concerned with qualitative phenomenon involving quality. It is non-
numerical, descriptive, applies reasoning and uses words an example for quantitative research is
carrying out senses for collecting population, social, economic statistics of a particular area.
6. Descriptive Research
As the name itself indicates, this research directly deals with description. It includes different
data collection like survey method and factfinding techniques. This research is that, the
researcher does not have control over the variables. He should describe what has happened and
what is happening.

Some other types of research: Apart from the above types of research, there are many other
classifications like
 Longitudinal Research which is spread over for a long period of time. In this change takes
place gradually.
 Historical Research which is concerned with the collecting of auto biographies, letters,
documents, enquiries for knowing the past. Simulation Research deals with the creation of an
artificial environment which is quite similar to real environment. Depending upon the need of
the situation we can create and adjust to it.
Research Process
1. Formulating the research problem
At the very outset the researcher must single out the problem he wants to study, a researcher
must first decide the general area of interest or aspect of a subject-matter he would like to inquire
into. The formulation of a general topic into a specific research problem is the first step in a
scientific enquiry.
2. Extensive literature survey
For this purpose, the abstracting and indexing journals and published or unpublished
bibliographies are the first place to go. In this process, it should be remembered that one source
will lead to another. The earlier studies, if any, which are similar to the study in hand, should be
carefully studied.
3. Developing a working hypothesis
A hypothesis is a tentative statement or assumption regarding the solution to the problem of
study. It is an assumption which is used to draw the logical consequences of studying a subject.
4. Preparing the research design
The research problem having been formulated in clear cut terms, the researcher will be required
to prepare a research design. The function of research design is to provide for the collection of
relevant evidence with minimal expenditure of effort, time and money.
5. Determining sample design
The researcher must decide the way of selecting a sample or what is popularly known as the
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sample design. A sample design is a definite plan determined before any data are actually
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collected for obtaining a sample from a given population by using different sampling techniques
 Mimansha Patel et.al. Exploring Research Methodology: Review Article
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 48 Vol.6; Issue: 3; March 2019

such as Simple random ,Systematic, Stratified, Quota sampling, Cluster and others sampling
techniques
6. Collecting the data:
The method of gathering or collecting the data is planned in data collection design. The two
types of collecting data are Primary data and Secondary data.
Important methods for collecting the Primary data
 Questionnaire
The method of collecting data in vast geographical areas is done through Questionnaire method.
questionnaires are mailed to the research areas and they are distributed among the respondents. It
is a time saving and economical method but the main drawback is that people's answers are not
100% accurate.
 Interview
Interviews are conducted by investigators who prepare a set of questions and ask them in a serial
vise to the respondents. There are different types of interview like personal, group, mock and
telephone interviews.

 Observation
This is also one type of collecting data primarily. In this researcher observes the day to day
process of the society or a single person.
7. Analysis of data:
Following data collection, the researcher moves on to the process of data analysis. The collected
information will be adjusted. Many tools are used for analysis, including coding, tabulation,
editing, and statistical analysis.
8. Hypothesis-testing
After analyzing the data, the researcher is in a position to test any hypotheses he had previously
developed. Do the facts support the hypotheses or do they contradict them? This is the standard
question that should be addressed when testing hypotheses. Depending on the nature and object
of research inquiry, the hypotheses may be tested using one or more of these tests.
9. Generalizations’ and interpretation
If a hypothesis is tested and supported several times, the researcher may be able to arrive at
generalization and build a theory. In fact, the true value of research lies in its ability to reach
certain generalizations. It is a stylistic representation of a creative work or dramatic role:
10. Preparation of the report or the thesis
Finally, the researcher must prepare a report detailing his findings. The following factors must be
considered when writing a report: The report should be formatted as follows:
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 Mimansha Patel et.al. Exploring Research Methodology: Review Article
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 48 Vol.6; Issue: 3; March 2019

 Preliminary pages:- it includes the report title, date, abstract table of contents
symbols
 main text :-the parts includes Introduction, Summary, The main body of the report,
Conclusion
 the end matter:- The end matter of your paper is whatever appears after the main
text of your paper and always includes, the reference
Research Approach
Research approach can be divided into three types:
 1. Deductive Research approach: - Final results, which are conclusions follow logically
from the provided initial premises. The approach starts or works from more general to
more specific.
 2. Inductive Research approach: - research works the other way, from specific to
broader generalizations and theories.
 3. Abductive Research approach: - starts with incomplete observations and continues to
the closest possible explanation for it. Abductive research gains daily decision making
which has the best information, but incomplete.

The study has the following Strengths & weaknesses

A, Strength of the study
The article is well-written and organized effectively.
The objectives and types of research are described in good way.
The stages to be used to develop good research report are list and described.

B. Weakness of the study

The article dose not interested on the theories
 Conclusion
A researcher must understand not only the research methods/techniques but also the
methodology. They must also grasp the assumptions underpinning particular methodologies. The
criteria used to determine whether certain techniques and processes will be appropriate to certain
issues are part of the research methodology, as well as the reasoning behind them. I will
recommend the authors to use the theories for the better accuracy of the river.
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