SCIENCE NOTES

Chapter-1 Crop production

Q1) What is a crop?
Ans ) When plants of the same kind are grown in one
place on a large scale, it is called a crop.
Q2) Differentiate between kharif and rabi crops.
Ans)
Q3 ) What is ploughing or tilling? . Explain the advantages
also .
Ans) The process of loosening and turning the soil is
called ploughing (tilling).
Advantages of ploughing are-
1 It allows the roots to penetrate deep into the soil.
2 It helps the soil to hold the water.
3 It improves air circulation
4 Ploughing uproots the weeds growing in the field.
5) It helps in growth of microbes in the soil.
Q3) What is levelling. Explain its benefits.
Ans ) Levelling is a process of breaking the bigger soil
crumbs.
Advantages of levelling are-
1)It helps in proper mixing of manure in the soil.
2)It helps in uniform irrigation.
3)It prevents erosion of topsoil
Q4. Diff bw manure and fertilizers
Q5) What are manures and fertilizer?
Ans) Manure is the organic matter added to the soil to
increase its fertility. On the contrary, fertilizers are
chemicals that are added to the soil to increase its
fertility. Examples of fertilizers are urea, ammonium
sulphate, potash.
Q6) How the manure is prepared? Explain the
advantages of manure.
Ans ) Plant and animal wastes are dumped in pits at open
places and allowed it to decompose by microbes .
Advantages of manure are
# It enhances the water holding capacity of the soil.
# It makes the soil porous and helps in the exchange of
gases.
#The texture of the soil improves.
#The number of microbes increases in the soil.
Q7) What is irrigation ? List traditional methods of
irrigation.
The supply of water to crops at regular intervals is called
irrigation.
Traditional methods of irrigation are-
1Moat
2chain pump
3 dhekli
4 Rahat
Q8) Explain modern methods of irrigation.
There are two methods of modern irrigation –
1)Sprinkler system
*In this type of system, the perpendicular pipes,
having rotating nozzles on top, are joined to the
main pipeline at regular intervals.
*When water is allowed to flow through the main pipe
under high pressure with the help of a pump, it escapes
from the rotating nozzles and gets sprinkled on the
crops.
2)Drip system
*Drip irrigation is a method in which water is supplied
drop by drop to the plant roots .
* It is best for watering fruit plants, gardens and trees.
* It helps in saving water.
Q9) What are weeds?What is weeding?
Ans ) The unwanted plants that grow along with the crop
are called weeds.The removal of weeds is called
weeding.

Q10) Why weeding is necessary?

Ans) Removal of weeds is essential because:
*Weeds compete with crops for space, light, water, and
nutrients . Hence they affect the growth of a crop .
*They may interfere in harvesting and can be poisonous
for animals and human beings.

Q11) How do farmers remove weeds?

Ans) Farmers remove weeds by:
*Tilling before sowing of crops (to uproot and kill weeds)
*Manually removing them using khurpi to uproot them
*Spraying weedicides (chemicals that kill weeds but do
not damage crops), such as 2, 4 -D.

Q12) What is harvesting?

Ans) Cutting of crop after it matures is called harvesting.
Q13) Define threshing and winnowing.
Ans) Threshing is a process of separating chaff from grain
winnowing is a process which separates the husk from
the seeds by blowing air through it. In this process, the
husk (which is lighter) flies away and the seeds (which
are heavier) fall down.

Q14) How seeds are protected from pests? Or How they

are stored?
#Dried neem leaves are used at home to protect food
grains
#Grains (seeds) are dried in the sun to reduce their
moisture. It prevents attack by microbes.

Q15) What is animal husbandry?

Ans) When animals are reared at a large scale to obtain
food from them, it is called Animal Husbandry.

Q16) If wheat is sown in the kharif season, what would

happen? Discuss.
Ans) Wheat is a is sown in winter season as it requires
less water and low temperature for growth.If wheat is
sown in the kharif season (monsoon) its production will
decrease.

Q17) Explain how soil gets affected by the continuous

plantation of crops in a field. What is crop rotation?
Ans) Continuous plantation of crops makes the soil
poorer in certain nutrients as the crops take up nutrients
from the soil.
Crop rotation is a process of growing different crops
alternately on the same land. It helps in replenishing
the soil with nutrients.