BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Dr. Amr Elbanna

• Introduction.

• Bridge Floors.

• Plate Girder Bridges.

• Composite Plate Girder Bridges.

• Box Girder Bridges.

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 Steel Bridges Book, Dr. Metwally Abu-Hamad.

 Egyptian Code of Practice for Steel Construction and Bridges

(Allowable Stress Design - ASD). 2001.

 Egyptian Code of Practice for Loads and Forces in Structures

and buildings Steel Code 201-2012.

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 Bridge Components.

 Types of Bridges.

 Layout of Steel Bridges

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 Bridges Components

 Substructure (piers, abutments, and foundations).

 Superstructure (bridge deck, floor beams, main girders, and

bracings).

 The connection between the substructure and the superstructure

is usually made through bearings.

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Bridges Components

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Types of Bridges

Bridges may be classified in terms of the bridge’s superstructure

according to:

 Materials of Construction.
 Usage.
 Position.
 Structural Forms.
 Span Lengths.

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Types of Bridges

Bridges (Materials of Construction):

Bridges can be identified by the materials from which their main girders
are constructed, the most commonly used are:

Wood Bridge Concrete Bridge

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Types of Bridges
Bridges (Materials of Construction):
Bridges can be identified by the materials from which their main girders
are constructed, the most commonly used are:

Steel Bridge
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Types of Bridges

Bridges (Usage):
Bridges can be classified according to the traffic they carry:

Foot Bridge Railway Through Bridge

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Types of Bridges

Road Traffic Bridge Barge Traffic Bridge

Pedestrian Bridge Pipeline Bridge 11

Types of Bridges

Bridges (Position):
Bridge superstructure changes its position relative to the roads that they
link. Three types of movable bridges exist:

Bascule Bridge Lift Bridge

(A rotational motion in the vertical plane) (A translational motion in the vertical plane)
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Types of Bridges

Bridges (Position):
Bridge superstructure changes its position relative to the roads that they
link. Three types of movable bridges exist:

Swing Bridge
(A rotational motion in the horizontal plane)
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Types of Bridges

Bridges (Structural Forms):

Bridges can be classified according to its longitudinal structural system:

 Bridges carrying loads mainly by bending (beam bridges and frame

bridges).

 Bridges carrying loads mainly by axial forces (arch bridges, cable

stayed bridges, and suspension bridges).

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Types of Bridges

Bridges (Structural Forms):

 Bridges carrying loads mainly by bending (beam bridges and frame

bridges).

Beam Bridges

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Types of Bridges

Bridges (Structural Forms):

 Bridges carrying loads mainly by bending (beam bridges and frame
bridges).

Frame Bridges

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Types of Bridges

Bridges (Structural Forms):

 Bridges carrying loads mainly by axial forces (arch bridges, cable
stayed bridges, and suspension bridges).

Arch Bridges

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Types of Bridges

Bridges (Structural Forms):

 Bridges carrying loads mainly by axial forces (arch bridges, cable
stayed bridges, and suspension bridges).

Arch Bridges

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Types of Bridges

Bridges (Structural Forms):

 Bridges carrying loads mainly by axial forces (arch bridges, cable
stayed bridges, and suspension bridges).

Cable Stayed Bridges

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Types of Bridges

Bridges (Structural Forms):

 Bridges carrying loads mainly by axial forces (arch bridges, cable
stayed bridges, and suspension bridges).

Suspension Bridges
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Types of Bridges

Bridges (Span Lengths):

Bridges can be classified according to their span lengths:

 Short-span bridges (less than 50 m).

 Medium-span bridges (50 to 200 m).

 Long-span bridges (Over 200 m).

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Layout of Steel Bridges

Components of super structure:

 Beams (main girders, cross girders, and stringers).

 Bracing (horizontal bracing and vertical bracing).

 Stiffeners (horizontal stiffeners and vertical stiffeners).

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Layout of Steel Bridges

Classification of bridges according to the floor position:

Deck Bridge

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Layout of Deck Bridges

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Layout of Deck Bridges (Main Girder):

 Main girders are put in the longitudinal direction of the bridge

(direction of motion). They resist vertical loads only.

Span
dM . G 
8  12

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Layout of Deck Bridges (Cross Girder):

 Cross girders are put perpendicular to main girders. The distance

between them ranges between 4-6 m. They resist vertical loads only.

B
dX . G 
79

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Layout of Deck Bridges (Stringer):

 Stringers are put perpendicular to the cross girders. The distance between
them ranges between 1.75-2.25 m. They resist vertical loads only.

Cross girder spacing

dStringer 
8  12

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Layout of Deck Bridges (Horizontal Bracing):

 Bracing (either horizontal or vertical) are put in different positions to resist

lateral loads (wind, earthquake, braking or acceleration or lateral chock
loads)

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Layout of Deck Bridges (Horizontal Bracing):

Upper wind bracing plan

Upper wind bracing is provided between the main girders in the level of the bottom
flanges of X.G. (K or X bracing) 29
Layout of Deck Bridges (Horizontal Bracing):

Lower wind bracing plan

Lower wind bracing is provided in the level of the lower flanges of the main girder
(X bracing)
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Layout of Deck Bridges (Vertical Bracing):

 The vertical bracing is usually put in the first, mid, and last of the
X.G. The distance between them should not exceed 25 m.

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Layout of Deck Bridges (Vertical Bracing):

 The shape of the vertical bracing could be:

X-shaped Vertical Bracing V-shaped Vertical Bracing

Bracket inverted U frame Vertical

Bracing
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Layout of Deck Bridges (Stiffeners):

 Stiffeners should be provided to

avoid local buckling of the beam
with depth greater than 1 m.

 Vertical stiffeners are vertical

plates, put perpendicular to the
beam web. The spacing between
them ranges between 1.5 to 1.8
m.

 Horizontal stiffeners are

horizontal plates, put
perpendicular to the beam web
through the length of the beam.
The Hz. Stiffeners are put at H/5
from the compression flange,
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H/2 or both.
Layout of Deck Bridges (Plan View):

Main Girder

Cross Girder

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Layout of Deck Bridges (Plan View):

Stringer

Upper Horizontal
Wind Bracing

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Layout of Deck Bridges (Plan View):

Lower Horizontal
Wind Bracing

Vertical
Wind Bracing

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Layout of Deck Bridges (Final Drawings):

 Deck Bridge (Cross section):

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Layout of Deck Bridges (Final Drawings):

 Deck Bridge (Elevation):

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Layout of Deck Bridges (Final Drawings):

 Deck Bridge (Plan of Upper Bracing):

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Layout of Deck Bridges (Final Drawings):

 Deck Bridge (Plan of Lower Bracing):

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Layout of Pony Bridges (Final Drawings):

 Pony Bridge (Cross section):

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Layout of Pony Bridges (Final Drawings):

 Pony Bridge (Elevation):

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Layout of Pony Bridges (Final Drawings):

 Pony Bridge (Plan of Lower Bracing):

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