BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Dr. Amr Elbanna

• Design of Stringer Roadway Bridge.

• Loads on Cross Girder.

2
3
 Design of Stringer Roadway Bridge
• Calculate the design values; the maximum bending moment MD+LL+I, the moment of
fatigue MFatigue and maximum shear force QD+LL+I on the stringer.
• Design the stringer as I-Beam section.
• The steel use (Steel 44 Fy=2.8 t/cm2 and Fu= 4.4 t/cm2) or use
(Steel 52 Fy=3.6 t/cm2 and Fu= 5.2 t/cm2).
• Design the stringer on fatigue effect.
Allowable fatigue stress range depend on the number of stress cycles and detailing of
cross section of the design member.

4
 Design of Stringer Roadway Bridge
• Different details in the bridge.
₋ Detail or Class A (Rolled section; the section at mid span of the stringer).
₋ Detail or Class B (Rolled section with pre-tensioned bolts; the section at the
connection between the stringer and cross girder).
₋ Detail or Class B’ or E’ (Section with transverse weld strengthing; any section with a
plate over the flange).

B’ at any position while, E’ at the end of plate.

5
 Design of Stringer Roadway Bridge
• Allowable fatigue stress Fsr in stringer roadway bridge take number of cycles =
2,000,000 cycle.
⁃ Detail or Class A ( Fsr = 1.68 t/cm2).
⁃ Detail or Class B ( Fsr = 1.26 t/cm2).
• There are two conditions must be satisfied in designing the members.
Detail or Class A ( Fsr = 1.68 t/cm2).

M D+LL+I
< Ft
Sx

M Fatigue
< Fsr
Sx

M Fatigue  0.7 M LL+I ( From concentrated loads)+0.3 M LL+I ( From distributed loads)
6
 Design of Stringer Roadway Bridge
 Steps of design stringer as simple beam
1. Assume that the section will be a compact ( Ft = 0.64 Fy).
2. Get the section from the M D+LL+I < F
t
Sx
S x = ... cm3 from table choose suitable section IPE or IPN.
 Checks
1. Check compactness of the section
Section is compact if
⁃ Flange
C 16.9 b f  tw  2t f
< C=
tf Fy 2

⁃ Web
hw 127 hw = d  4t f
<
tw Fy
7
 Design of Stringer Roadway Bridge
 Checks
M D+LL+I
2. Check maximum stresses < Ft
Sx
M Fatigue
3. Check stress range < Fsr
Sx
QD+LL+I
4. Check shear stress < 0.35Fy
d w * tw

5. Check of deflection

 S 
1   2 <  allowable  
 600 

8
 Design of Stringer Roadway Bridge
 Checks
5. Check of deflection

5*W * S 4
Case 1 1 
384* E * I

M E *106
Case 2 2 
E*I

S
a1  0.5*M*( - 0.6)
2
a2  0.6*M

a  a1  a2

 S   0.5S  0.6  
M E   a *    a2 * 0.3  a1 * 0.6  
 2   3 
9
 Design of Stringer Roadway Bridge
 Steps of design stringer as a continuous beam

1. Assume that the section will be a compact ( Ft = 0.64 Fy).

0.8M D+LL+I
2. Get the section from the moment at sec 2 < Ft
Sx

S x = ... cm3 from table choose suitable section IPE or IPN.

 Checks
1. Check compactness of the section (as simple beam)
2. Check the maximum stresses at sec 3 0.9 M D+LL+I
< Ft
Sx
10
 Design of Stringer Roadway Bridge
 Checks
3. Check stress range

0.9M Fatigue
< (Fsr  1.68 t/cm 2 ) Sec 3
Sx

0.75M Fatigue
< (Fsr  1.26 t/cm 2 ) Sec 1
Sx

4. Check shear stress

QD+LL+I
< 0.35Fy
d w * tw

5. Check of deflection

 S 
0.8*(1   2 )<  allowable  
 600 

11
Design of Stringer Roadway Bridge
Example
For the shown bridge, calculate the maximum straining actions (Md+l,Qd+l)
acting on an intermediate stringer of the road way bridge. Design the
stringer as a simple beam using rolled section. Ts=20cm.

12
Design of Stringer Roadway Bridge
Example
1. Dead Loads

13
Design of Stringer Roadway Bridge
Example
2. Live Loads

14
Design of Stringer Roadway Bridge
Example
2. Live Loads

15
Design of Stringer Roadway Bridge
Example

16
 Design of Stringer Roadway Bridge
Example
Design of Stringer Using St.44

Section Estimating M D+LL+I

< 0.64 Fy
Sx
47.1725*100
< 1.792 S x = 2632.4 cm3
Sx

Choose IPE 600

 Checks
1. Check compactness of the section
Section is compact if C=
b f  tw  2t f

22  1.2  2*1.9
 8.5cm
2 2
⁃ Flange
C 8.5 16.9 hw = d  4t f  60  4*1.9  52.4cm
= =4.47 <  10.1
t f 1.9 Fy
⁃ Web
hw 52.4 127
= =43.67 <  75.9 The section is compact 17
tw 1.2 Fy
 Design of Stringer Roadway Bridge
Example
Design of Stringer Using St.44

 Checks
2. Check maximum stresses

M D+LL+I 47.1725*100
= =1.536 < Ft  1.792t / cm 2
Sx 3070
3. Check stress range

M Fatigue 27.9455*100
= =0.91< Fsr  1.68t / cm2
Sx 3070

4. Check shear stress

QD+LL+I 42.5357
= =0.59 < 0.35Fy  0.98t / cm 2
d w * tw 60*1.2

18
 Design of Stringer Roadway Bridge
Example
Design of Stringer Using St.44
 Checks
1.435
5. Check of deflection
Case 1 5
5*W * S 4 5*(1.435 /100) *5004
1    0.06cm
384* E * I 384 *2100*92080
20 20
Case 2 1.9
38
M E  58.9 * 2.5  36.1*1.23  22.8*0.3  95.89t.m3
58.9
36.1 22.8
M E *106 95.89*106
2    0.5cm
E*I 2100 *92080

 S 500 
1   2 (0.06+0.5=0.56cm)<  allowable    0.83cm  Safe
 600 600 
19
20
 Loads on Cross Girder
1. Dead Loads
a. Own weight of cross girder (Assume 0.4 t/m)
b. Concrete (tavg * γcon t/m2)
c. Flooring cover (Asphalt) (Assume 0.15-0.2 t/m2)
d. Own weight of stringer (Assume 0.1-0.15 t/m)
O.WStringer
WDead  OW
. C .G + ( +F.C+ t avg *  c )* S
a
0.15
WDead  0.4+ ( +0.2+ 0.21* 2.5) * S t/m
a

21
 Loads on Cross Girder
1. Dead Loads
Simple beam Beam with cantilever

,
WDead *( B or B ) 2 W *B 2
WDead * Lc 2
M Dead  M Dead  Dead 
8 8 2

,
W *( B or B ) WDead * B
QDead  Dead QDead  22
2 2
 Loads on Cross Girder
2. Live Loads
a. Determine the cross girder to be studied.
b. Put the load near the studied cross girder.
c. Take strips perpendicular to cross girder, get reaction.
d. Apply loads from ( C ) on cross girder, get maximum M and Q.

23
Loads on Cross Girder
2. Live Loads
a. The designed cross girder is usually the middle cross girder.

24
Loads on Cross Girder
2. Live Loads
b. Put the load near the studied cross girder.

25
Loads on Cross Girder
2. Live Loads
c. Take strips perpendicular to stringer, get reaction.

 Effect of concentrated Loads

26
Loads on Cross Girder
2. Live Loads
c. Take strips perpendicular to stringer, get reaction.

 Effect of concentrated Loads

 Get P1, P2, and P3 from I.Ls

27
Loads on Cross Girder
2. Live Loads
c. Take strips perpendicular to stringer, get reaction.

 Effect of uniform Loads

28
Loads on Cross Girder
2. Live Loads
c. Take strips perpendicular to stringer, get reaction.

 Effect of uniform Loads

Note, if the width of side walk > 1.5 m, the load 0.50 t/m 2 will be considered.

29
Loads on Cross Girder
2. Live Loads
d. Apply loads from ( C ) on cross girder, get maximum M and Q.

30
 Loads on Cross Girder
2. Live Loads
 Apply loads from ( C ) on cross girder, get maximum M.

Note, considering the loads on the cantilever

will reduce the maximum bending moment, so
the loads on the cantilevers will be neglected.
31
Loads on Cross Girder
2. Live Loads
 Apply loads from ( C ) on cross girder, get maximum Q.

Simple beam Beam with cantilever

32
Loads on Cross Girder
2. Live Loads
 Different cases, maximum moment

Width of road  11m Width of road 1 1 > B  9 m

33
Loads on Cross Girder
2. Live Loads
 Different cases, maximum shear

Deck bridge Pony bridge

34
Loads on Cross Girder
2. Live Loads
 Effect of median, maximum moment and shear

Width of one side  9m

35
 Loads on Cross Girder
2. Live Loads
 Effect of median, maximum moment and shear

Width of one side 9>B  6 m Width of one side < 6m

36
Loads on Cross Girder
Example
For the shown bridge cross section, calculate the maximum moment and
shear on one of the X.G if S= 5.0 m.

37
Loads on Cross Girder
Example
Solution
1- Dead Loads

38
Loads on Cross Girder
Example
Solution
2- Live Loads
a. The designed cross girder is usually the middle cross girder.
b. Put the load near the studied cross girder.

39
Loads on Cross Girder
Example
Solution
2- Live Loads
c. Take strips perpendicular to stringer, get reaction.

40
Loads on Cross Girder
Example
Solution
2- Live Loads
c. Take strips perpendicular to stringer, get reaction.

41
Loads on Cross Girder
Example
Solution
2- Live Loads
 Apply loads from ( C ) on cross girder, get maximum M.

42
Loads on Cross Girder
Example
Solution
2- Live Loads
 Apply loads from ( C ) on cross girder, get maximum M.

43
Loads on Cross Girder
Example
Solution
2- Live Loads
 Apply loads from ( C ) on cross girder, get maximum Q.

44
45