Brick Wall Frame

CALCULATION FOR 13.8M HEIGHT BRICK

WALL

Londoner Event Centre

Revision Date Description

1 2021-05-31 First Issue

2 2021-07-20 Revised
3 2021-07-30 Revised
4 2021-08-16 Revised
5 2021-08-19 Revised

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 Content
1. Objective ........................................................................................................................ 3

2. Information .................................................................................................................... 3

3. Material ......................................................................................................................... 3

4. Design Load.................................................................................................................... 3

5. Loading Path .................................................................................................................. 4

6. Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 4

7. Existing Structure ......................................................................................................... 11

8. Code ............................................................................................................................. 12

9. APPENDIX..................................................................................................................... 12

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1. Objective

The report will illustrate the calculation of Brick Wall Framing

2. Information

Framing Post with Max. 12m (Calculation in 15m for conservative consideration)
Height Steel frame@max. 3600mm as structure support. Post: RHS 200x120x10,
Horizontal Frame: RHS 200x120x10@max. 3500mm, all welding should be min. 5mm
F.W.

3. Material

-Q235 Steel Member fy = 215MPa

4. Design Load

Dead Load (DL)：

Brick: 22kN/m3 (Vertical)

Dry Wall: 1.2kN/m2 (Vertical)
Acoustic: 0.6kN/m2 (Vertical)
Alum. Cladding/Finishing: 0.6 kN/m2 (Vertical)
Sub-Frame: 1kN/m2 (Vertical)

Live Load (LL)： 3 kN/m @1.5m Height (Lateral)

0.24 kPa (IBC Lateral Load)

Partial factor of safety

Permanent action 𝛾𝐺 = 1.35
Variable action 𝛾𝑄 = 1.5

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 Table 1 Load Combination factor in Macau Code 56/96/m
Combination Value Frequent Value Quasi-permanent
Load Patten
𝜓! 𝜓" 𝜓#
DL --- --- ---
LL 0.4 0.3 0.2
WL 0.4 0.2 0
When Wind Load is considered as governing action, the
combination factor for other’s action is 0.6
SL --- --- ---
When Seismic Load is considered as governing action, the
combination factor for other’s action is Ψ2

ULS 1﹕ Fundamental Combination Sd = 1.35DL+1.50LL

SLS 1﹕ Combination Rare Sd = DL+WL

5. Loading Path

Dead Load + Live Load è Frame è Existing Structure

6. Analysis

Framing Elevation
Max. s = 3600mm
Max. g = 3500mm

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Horizontal Frame RHS 200x120x10

Design Vertical Load to Horizontal RHS 200x120x10 = 1.35x(22x0.2thk. +

1.2+0.6+0.6+1) = 10.53 kPa è 10.53x3.5 = 36.86 kN/m

Design Moment = 36.86x3.62/8 = 59.71 kNm

Design Shear = 36.86x3.6/2 = 66.35 kN

Calculation ref. to appendix 1, Result: OK

Cantilever Horizontal Frame (By Others)

Design Vertical Load to Cantilever Frame = 1.35x(22x0.2thk. +

1.2+0.6+0.6+1) = 10.53 kPa è 10.53x3.5 = 36.86 kN/m è 36.86x3.6 = 132.7 kN

Framing Section

Max. Design Shear to End of Cantilever= 132.7 kN

Calculation ref. to appendix 2, Result: OK

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Vertical Frame RHS 200x120x10

Design Horizontal Load to Vertical RHS 200x120x10 = 1.5x0.24 = 0.36 kPa è 0.36x3.6
= 1.39kN/m with
1.5x3x3.6 = 16.2 kN Point Load at 1.5m height (Consider Max. 15m Height for
Conservative Consideration)
Design Moment from Cantilever Frame = 66.35 kNm
è 66.35/0.2 = 132 kN up and down force

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Design Moment = 62.5 kNm
Design Shear = 329 kN
Design Compression = Loading For Horizontal Frame = 132.7kNx 2 = 265.4 kN
Max. Defection = 28.5 < 13800/250 = 55.2mm, OK
Calculation ref. to appendix 2, Result: OK

Horizontal Tie Frame RHS 200x120x10 (In minor Axial)

Tie Frame only provide horizontal restrained for post, Vertical Loading Transfer to
Ground via vertical post

Nos. of Tie = 2 (at 13.8/2 = 6.9m)

Design Tension/Compression = 27.8 kN (Reaction from top of post)

Calculation ref. to appendix 3, Result: OK

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Welding

Max. Shear from Cantilever = 132.7 kN

Max. Moment from Cantilever = 66.35 kNm
Min. F.W. = 5mm
Min. Welding Length = 300x2 = 600mm

Design Stress = (132.72+(66.35/0.3/2)2)0.5 x1000/(0.7x5x600) = 82.26 MPa

Strength of Welding electrode E43 = 210 MPa > 82.26 MPa, OK

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Anchor and Plate (Bottom)

Design Shear to anchor = 28.6kN (Frome Reaction of Post)

Use Min. Hilti HST3 4xM8 (7.9 kN Shear Capacity) or equivalent (ex. Following page)

4x7.9 = 31.6 kN> 28.6 kN (OK)

Base Plate = 350x250x10

Max. Possible Design Moment to Plate = Max. Tension of Anchor 5.7 kN x

(0.35-2x0.05)/2 = 0.71 kNm
Moment Capacity of Plate = 235x(250x10x10/6)/10002 = 0.97 kNm > 0.71 kNm, OK

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Anchor and Plate (Top/Middle)

Design Shear to anchor = 12kN (Frome Reaction of Post)

Use Min. Hilti HST3 6xM8 (7.9 kN Shear Capacity) or equivalent (ex. Following page)

6x7.9 = 47.4 kN> 27.8 kN (OK)

Base Plate = 300x150x10

Max. Possible Design Moment to Plate = Max. Tension of Anchor 5.7 kN x 0.025 =
0.14 kNm
Moment Capacity of Plate = 235x(150x10x10/6)/10002 = 0.58 kNm > 0.14 kNm, OK

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7. Existing Structure

Possible Design Load to Floor

Partition:
1.35x(22 Brickx0.2thk.+1.2+0.6+0.6+1)x15m Height x 3.6m Span = 569 kN

Force acting location (Loading Key Plan)

Allowable Loading = 1.35x4.8+1.35x0.6+1.5x5.0+1.35x2.0 = 17.49 kPa

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Design Load = 569 kN
Base Plate = 350x350
Acting Range of Partition Weight = 3600x350
Design Stress
= 569x1000/3600/350 + 1.35x25x0.2thk. (Slab Load)
= 7.2kPa < 17.49 kPa, OK

8. Code

56-96-M Regulamento de Segurança e Acções em Estruturas de Edifícios e Pontes

60-96-M Regulamento de Estruturas de Betão Armado e Pré-esforçado
29-2001 Regulamento de Estruturas de Aço para Edifícios
BS 5950-1 2000 Structural use of steelwork in building - Part 1 Code of practice for
design - Rolled and welded sections
Eurocode 3 Design of steel structures – Part 1-1 General rules and rules for buildings
Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 2011

9. APPENDIX

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APPENDIX 1

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 PROJECT: BY: PAGE:
DATE: REV.
Code of Practice For Structural Use of Steel 2005
UB / UC DESIGN
(1) Design Data (2) Section Properties
Length in x-x Lx = 3.6 m Member Size : 200x120x10
RHS 200X120X10
Length in y-y Ly = 3.6 m Steel Grade : Q235 275
Factered Tensile Force FT = 0.00 kN
Factered Compressive Force Fc = 0 kN D (mm) B (mm) d (mm) b (mm) t (mm)
Factered Major Moment Mx = 0 kNm 200 120 180 100 10
Factered Minor Moment My = 59.71 kNm A (cm2) rx (cm) ry (cm) Ix (cm4) Iy (cm4)
Factered Shear Force (Major Axis) V2 = 0 kN 58.5 7.14 4.75 2978 1320
3 3 3 3
Factered Shear Force (Minor Axis) V3 = 94.32 kN Zx (cm ) Zy (cm ) Sx (cm ) Sy (cm )
Factered Shear Force V = Ö(V22+V32) = 94.32 kN 298 220 374 260
120

200 10 Design Strength py = 235 N/mm2

Design Strength of Web p wy = 235 N/mm2

(3) Section Classification (Table 7.1)

e = (275 / py)1/2 = 1.0818 r1 = Fc / 2dtp yw = 0 r2 = Fc / Agp yw = 0
56e 70e 105e
= 60.579 = 56 e = 75.723 = 70 e = 113.59 = 105 e
1 + 0.6 r1 1 + r1 1 + 2r2
b/t = 10 = 9.2442 e < 26 e
d/t = 18 = 16.639 e < 56 e It is a 'Plastic Section'

(4) Shear Capacity ( Clause 8.2.1) (5) Shear Buckling Resistance ( Clause 8.4.6)
p y Av d/t = 18 = 16.639 e < 70 e
Shear Capacity Vc = = 488.44 kN
Ö3
> V = 94.32 kN O.K. It is 'No Shear Buckling' existed

0.6 x 488.44 = 293.06 kN

> V = 94.32 kN Low shear condition

(6) Moment Capacity ( Clause 8.2.2.1)

Moment Capacity in x-x Moment Capacity in y-y
p y Sx = 87.89 kNm p y Sy = 61.1 kNm
1.2 py Zx = 1.2 x 70.03 = 84.036 kNm 1.2 py Zy = 1.2 x 51.7 = 62.04 kNm
\ Mcx = 84.04 kNm \ Mcy = 61.1 kNm
> Mx = 0 kNm O.K. > My = 59.71 kNm O.K.

(7) Equivalent Slenderness for lateral-torsional buckling ( Clause 8.3.5.3)

Ratio D/B = 200 / 120 = 1.667
Effective Length Coefficient in y-y for Lateral-torsional Buckling = 1
Effective Length for Lateral-torsional Buckling LEy = 3600 mm
Slenderness ratio in y-y l = LEy / ry = 75.79 = 64.77 e 2
Limit of LE / ry = 435 e2 > 64.77 e 2 Lateral-torsional buckling need not be checked.

(8) Compression Resistance (Clause 8.7.5)

Effective Length coefficient in x-x = 0.7 Effective Length coefficient in y-y = 0.7
Effective Length LEx = 2520 mm Effective Length LEy = 2520 mm
Slenderness ratio in x-x lx = LEx / rx = 35.294 Slenderness ratio in y-y ly = LEy / ry = 53.053
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DATE: REV.
Table 8.7 Buckling Curve = b Table 8.7 Buckling Curve = b
E = 205000 N/mm2 l0 = 18.558
a = 3.5 a = 3.5
hx = a (l-lo)/1000 = 0.0586 hx ≧ 0 hy = a (l-lo)/1000 = 0.1207 hx ≧ 0
pE = p2E / l2 = 1624.2 pE = p2E / l2 = 718.85
fc = (p y+(h+1)p E ) /2 = 977.19 fc = (p y+(h+1)p E ) /2 = 520.32
pE py pE py
Compressive Strength p cx = Compressive Strength p cy =
2
fc + Ö(fc -p E p y) fc + Ö(fc2-p E p y)
2
= 220.09 N/mm (Appendix 8.4) = 201.25 N/mm2 (Appendix 8.4)

Minimum Compressive Strength pc = Min (p cx, p cy) = 201.3 N/mm2

Compression Resistance PC = Agp C = 1177 kN
> Fc = 0 kN O.K.

(9) Tension Resistance (Clause 8.6.1)

Compression Resistance PT = Agp y = 1375 kN
> FT = 0 kN O.K.

(10) Tension Members Under Combined Tensile Force And Moment (Clause 8.8)
(10.1) Cross-section Cpacity
FT Mx My 0 0 59.71 O.K.
+ + = + + = 0.977 < 1
Pt Mcx Mcy 1375 84.04 61.1

(11) Compression Members Under Combined Compressive Force And Moment (Clause 8.9)
(11.1) Cross-section Cpacity (Clause 8.9.1)
Fc Mx My 0 0 59.71 O.K.
+ + = + + = 0.977 < 1
Agp y Mcx Mcy 1177 84.04 61.1
APPENDIX 2

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 PROJECT: BY: PAGE:
DATE: REV.
Code of Practice For Structural Use of Steel 2005
UB / UC DESIGN
(1) Design Data (2) Section Properties
Length in x-x Lx = 7.5 m Member Size : 200x120x10
RHS 200X120X10
Length in y-y Ly = 7.5 m Steel Grade : Q235 275
Factered Tensile Force FT = 0.00 kN
Factered Compressive Force Fc = 265 kN D (mm) B (mm) d (mm) b (mm) t (mm)
Factered Major Moment Mx = 62.5 kNm 200 120 180 100 10
Factered Minor Moment My = 0 kNm A (cm2) rx (cm) ry (cm) Ix (cm4) Iy (cm4)
Factered Shear Force (Major Axis) V2 = 329 kN 58.5 7.14 4.75 2978 1320
3 3 3 3
Factered Shear Force (Minor Axis) V3 = 0 kN Zx (cm ) Zy (cm ) Sx (cm ) Sy (cm )
Factered Shear Force V = Ö(V22+V32) = 329 kN 298 220 374 260
120

200 10 Design Strength py = 235 N/mm2

Design Strength of Web p wy = 235 N/mm2

(3) Section Classification (Table 7.1)

e = (275 / py)1/2 = 1.0818 r1 = Fc / 2dtp yw = 0.0313 r2 = Fc / Agp yw = 1.9276
56e 70e 105e
= 59.461 = 54.967 e = 73.424 = 67.874 e = 23.394 = 21.626 e
1 + 0.6 r1 1 + r1 1 + 2r2
b/t = 10 = 9.2442 e < 35 e
d/t = 18 = 16.639 e < 35 e It is a 'Semi-compact Section'

(4) Shear Capacity ( Clause 8.2.1) (5) Shear Buckling Resistance ( Clause 8.4.6)
p y Av d/t = 18 = 16.639 e < 70 e
Shear Capacity Vc = = 732.66 kN
Ö3
> V = 329 kN O.K. It is 'No Shear Buckling' existed

0.6 x 732.66 = 439.6 kN

> V = 329 kN Low shear condition

(6) Moment Capacity ( Clause 8.2.2.1)

Moment Capacity in x-x Moment Capacity in y-y
p y Sx = 87.89 kNm p y Sy = 61.1 kNm
1.2 py Zx = 1.2 x 70.03 = 84.036 kNm 1.2 py Zy = 1.2 x 51.7 = 62.04 kNm
\ Mcx = 70.03 kNm \ Mcy = 51.7 kNm
> Mx = 62.5 kNm O.K. > My = 0 kNm O.K.

(7) Equivalent Slenderness for lateral-torsional buckling ( Clause 8.3.5.3)

Ratio D/B = 200 / 120 = 1.667
Effective Length Coefficient in y-y for Lateral-torsional Buckling = 1
Effective Length for Lateral-torsional Buckling LEy = 7500 mm
Slenderness ratio in y-y l = LEy / ry = 157.9 = 134.9 e 2
Limit of LE / ry = 435 e2 > 134.9 e 2 Lateral-torsional buckling need not be checked.

(8) Compression Resistance (Clause 8.7.5)

Effective Length coefficient in x-x = 0.7 Effective Length coefficient in y-y = 0.7
Effective Length LEx = 5250 mm Effective Length LEy = 5250 mm
Slenderness ratio in x-x lx = LEx / rx = 73.529 Slenderness ratio in y-y ly = LEy / ry = 110.53
 PROJECT: BY: PAGE:
DATE: REV.
Table 8.7 Buckling Curve = a Table 8.7 Buckling Curve = a
E = 205000 N/mm2 l0 = 18.558
a = 2 a = 2
hx = a (l-lo)/1000 = 0.1099 hx ≧ 0 hy = a (l-lo)/1000 = 0.1839 hx ≧ 0
pE = p2E / l2 = 374.22 pE = p2E / l2 = 165.62
fc = (p y+(h+1)p E ) /2 = 325.18 fc = (p y+(h+1)p E ) /2 = 215.54
pE py pE py
Compressive Strength p cx = Compressive Strength p cy =
2
fc + Ö(fc -p E p y) fc + Ö(fc2-p E p y)
2
= 383.52 N/mm (Appendix 8.4) = 386.17 N/mm2 (Appendix 8.4)

Minimum Compressive Strength pc = Min (p cx, p cy) = 383.5 N/mm2

Compression Resistance PC = Agp C = 2244 kN
> Fc = 265 kN O.K.

(9) Tension Resistance (Clause 8.6.1)

Compression Resistance PT = Agp y = 1375 kN
> FT = 0 kN O.K.

(10) Tension Members Under Combined Tensile Force And Moment (Clause 8.8)
(10.1) Cross-section Cpacity
FT Mx My 0 62.5 0 O.K.
+ + = + + = 0.892 < 1
Pt Mcx Mcy 1375 70.03 51.7

(11) Compression Members Under Combined Compressive Force And Moment (Clause 8.9)
(11.1) Cross-section Cpacity (Clause 8.9.1)
Fc Mx My 265 62.5 0 O.K.
+ + = + + = 0.991 < 1
Agp y Mcx Mcy 2244 70.03 51.7
APPENDIX 3

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 PROJECT: BY: PAGE:
DATE: REV.
Code of Practice For Structural Use of Steel 2005
UB / UC DESIGN
(1) Design Data (2) Section Properties
Length in x-x Lx = 1.2 m Member Size : 200x120x10
RHS 200X120X10
Length in y-y Ly = 1.2 m Steel Grade : Q235 275
Factered Tensile Force FT = 27.80 kN
Factered Compressive Force Fc = 27.80 kN D (mm) B (mm) d (mm) b (mm) t (mm)
Factered Major Moment Mx = 0.00 kNm 200 120 180 100 10
Factered Minor Moment My = 0 kNm A (cm2) rx (cm) ry (cm) Ix (cm4) Iy (cm4)
Factered Shear Force (Major Axis) V2 = 0 kN 58.5 7.14 4.75 2978 1320
3 3 3 3
Factered Shear Force (Minor Axis) V3 = 0 kN Zx (cm ) Zy (cm ) Sx (cm ) Sy (cm )
Factered Shear Force V = Ö(V22+V32) = 0 kN 298 220 374 260
120

200 10 Design Strength py = 235 N/mm2

Design Strength of Web p wy = 235 N/mm2

(3) Section Classification (Table 7.1)

e = (275 / py)1/2 = 1.0818 r1 = Fc / 2dtp yw = 0.0033 r2 = Fc / Agp yw = 0.2022
56e 70e 105e
= 60.46 = 55.89 e = 75.475 = 69.771 e = 80.876 = 74.763 e
1 + 0.6 r1 1 + r1 1 + 2r2
b/t = 10 = 9.2442 e < 35 e
d/t = 18 = 16.639 e < 35 e It is a 'Semi-compact Section'

(4) Shear Capacity ( Clause 8.2.1) (5) Shear Buckling Resistance ( Clause 8.4.6)
p y Av d/t = 18 = 16.639 e < 70 e
Shear Capacity Vc = = 488.44 kN
Ö3
> V = 0 kN O.K. It is 'No Shear Buckling' existed

0.6 x 488.44 = 293.06 kN

> V = 0 kN Low shear condition

(6) Moment Capacity ( Clause 8.2.2.1)

Moment Capacity in x-x Moment Capacity in y-y
p y Sx = 87.89 kNm p y Sy = 61.1 kNm
1.2 py Zx = 1.2 x 70.03 = 84.036 kNm 1.2 py Zy = 1.2 x 51.7 = 62.04 kNm
\ Mcx = 70.03 kNm \ Mcy = 51.7 kNm
> Mx = 0 kNm O.K. > My = 0 kNm O.K.

(7) Equivalent Slenderness for lateral-torsional buckling ( Clause 8.3.5.3)

Ratio D/B = 200 / 120 = 1.667
Effective Length Coefficient in y-y for Lateral-torsional Buckling = 1
Effective Length for Lateral-torsional Buckling LEy = 1200 mm
Slenderness ratio in y-y l = LEy / ry = 25.26 = 21.59 e 2
Limit of LE / ry = 435 e2 > 21.59 e 2 Lateral-torsional buckling need not be checked.

(8) Compression Resistance (Clause 8.7.5)

Effective Length coefficient in x-x = 0.7 Effective Length coefficient in y-y = 0.7
Effective Length LEx = 840 mm Effective Length LEy = 840 mm
Slenderness ratio in x-x lx = LEx / rx = 11.765 Slenderness ratio in y-y ly = LEy / ry = 17.684
 PROJECT: BY: PAGE:
DATE: REV.
Table 8.7 Buckling Curve = b Table 8.7 Buckling Curve = b
E = 205000 N/mm2 l0 = 18.558
a = 3.5 a = 3.5
hx = a (l-lo)/1000 = 0 hx ≧ 0 hy = a (l-lo)/1000 = 0 hx ≧ 0
pE = p2E / l2 = 14618 pE = p2E / l2 = 6469.7
fc = (p y+(h+1)p E ) /2 = 7426.6 fc = (p y+(h+1)p E ) /2 = 3352.3
pE py pE py
Compressive Strength p cx = Compressive Strength p cy =
2
fc + Ö(fc -p E p y) fc + Ö(fc2-p E p y)
2
= 235 N/mm (Appendix 8.4) = 235 N/mm2 (Appendix 8.4)

Minimum Compressive Strength pc = Min (p cx, p cy) = 235 N/mm2

Compression Resistance PC = Agp C = 1375 kN
> Fc = 27.8 kN O.K.

(9) Tension Resistance (Clause 8.6.1)

Compression Resistance PT = Agp y = 1375 kN
> FT = 27.8 kN O.K.

(10) Tension Members Under Combined Tensile Force And Moment (Clause 8.8)
(10.1) Cross-section Cpacity
FT Mx My 27.8 0 0 O.K.
+ + = + + = 0.02 < 1
Pt Mcx Mcy 1375 70.03 51.7

(11) Compression Members Under Combined Compressive Force And Moment (Clause 8.9)
(11.1) Cross-section Cpacity (Clause 8.9.1)
Fc Mx My 27.8 0 0 O.K.
+ + = + + = 0.02 < 1
Agp y Mcx Mcy 1375 70.03 51.7