Piping & Instrumentation

Diagrams
Process Auxiliaries and utilities
3170516
OPEN ELECTIVE COURSE

Kaushik Nath
Department of Chemical Engineering
G H Patel College of Engineering & Technology
Types of Diagrams
 Chemical Engineering flow diagrams

Process Flow diagrams

 Emphasis on Process Flow

Piping & Instrumentation Diagram (P & I D)

 Emphasis on process control

PFD and P&ID are close but not same

 Basic control loop

Process control deals with the problem of maintaining the main process
variables close to its desired values, in spite of disturbances, by means
of an automatic system.
 Control room

Control room with digital instrumentation

Modern processes use automatic process control to ensure consistent

quality and quantity of products, safe and economic operations.

Use of PLC (programmable logic controller), DCS (distributed control

system), centralized operations from control room are common.
 PFD and P&ID
The process flow sheets (PFD) show the arrangement of
major pieces of equipments and their inter connections. It is
a description of the nature of the process.

The piping & instrumentation diagram (P&I D) shows the

engineering details of the equipment, instruments, piping,
valves and fittings, and their arrangement. It is also called
the engineering flow-sheet or engineering line-diagram.

P & ID usually does not show:

 process information
Equipment rating or capacity
Pressure, temperature, flow data
Manual switches
 P & ID: A key document

Example:
Plant operators: reports to maintenance department that a valve on a
piece of equipment is not functioning correctly.

Maintenance person:
Consults the P & ID to identify the tag assigned to the valve to learn
how the valve is used in the control of the process.
 P& ID Representation

Schematics where process units

and instruments are represented
using special symbols.

Control and measurement instruments are represented by specific

symbols and circles with letters and numbers
 P &ID should show

All process equipments are

identified by an equipment
number
P & I D should show
Codes & Standards: PFD and P& ID
Codes & Standards: PFD and P&ID
Common symbols: P& ID
Common symbols: P& ID
Common symbols: P& ID
Common symbols: P& ID
Basic actuators symbols
 Instrument representation

The presence or absence of a line determines the location of a physical

device. For example, no line means the instrument is installed in the field
near the process.
P & ID Instrument line symbols
P & I D Example