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Where do our political beliefs come from? There is increasing evidence that an
important part of the answer is deep-rooted within our nature.
It seems that we are predisposed to have certain personality traits and, ultimately, certain
political tastes. Psychologists normally measure your personality by asking questions about your
approach to life. The measures are known as the 'Big Five': openness to experience,
conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. These are neither good nor bad,
but simply aspects of who you are.
For example, someone scoring high in conscientiousness will tend to be more organised
than the average person, but also more inflexible. Scores on these different traits predict lots of
things about us: from healthy eating to marital stability.
It is perhaps not surprising that the Big Five also correlate with people's political views.
Jeff Mondak, political science professor at the University of Illinois, says that people who score
high in openness and low in conscientiousness are more likely to be left wing.
He argues that "openness equates with the willingness to try new things. And that includes
new policies. Conscientiousness often signals a very strong sense of personal responsibility: it
would be viewed as our own job, not the government's job, to take care of us."
These may not be the only personality traits which shape our politics, however. There is
also the 'Dark Triad': Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy. The most important one of
these for political behavior is narcissism. This is not just about admiring your reflection and
attention seeking, but also a sense of importance and entitlement. Two key components of
narcissism - exhibitionism and a sense of entitlement - correlate with our political views.
Entitlement is associated with more right-wing positions and exhibitionism with more left-wing
positions. Narcissists are also generally more likely to get involved in politics.
Personality differences appear to be related to our political views and our political
participation. But where do these differences come from? If you take the British population
today, about half the variation in personality traits appears to be genetically inherited. That
doesn't mean that there is a single gene which decides our personality. Nor is it a specific part of
the brain.
James Tilley is a Professor of Politics at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Jesus
College, Oxford. He presents 'Personality Politics' on BBC Radio 4 at 20:30 GMT on Monday 1
February 2021.