RIBLEZA, MICHAEL JAYE P.

RES 501 – Advanced Studies in Developing Literature Review

TOPIC: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DTI PROGRAMS AND ASSISTANCE TO MICRO AND SMALL
ENTERPRISES AND ITS RECOMMENDED REMEDIES: A CRITICAL REVIEW

INTRODUCTION

The administration of Former President Rodrigo Duterte. seeks to build on the successes of
previous administrations in reducing poverty and increasing prosperity. Apart from the platform
of combating crime and restoring peace and order, Former President Duterte also underscored
that a peaceful society would be more conducive toward the attainment of more stable and
long-lasting economic progress. In general, the Duterte economic platform seeks to distribute
economic activity throughout the country even as it also aims to improve the overall business
climate and make doing business at all levels or sizes of enterprise an easier proposition.
President Duterte vowed to sustain the current economic policies implemented by the previous
administration. This is to ensure the continued expansion of the economy, which in the first
quarter of 2016 posted the highest growth in Asia at 6.9%.
The government draws upon successful models used to attract business to local cities and
pursue the relaxation of Constitutional restrictions on foreign ownership, except on land
ownership, in order to attract foreign direct investments (FDIs), according to the
administration’s economic managers. The objective is to invest in building the infrastructure
necessary to make the Philippines a 21st century economy: from modernizing ports to
improving logistical spine to ensuring reliable and low-cost power for all the islands. The
current government eyes to implement not just major Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects
but more small and medium-sized projects, particularly in the countryside to ensure more
inclusive growth, as this will provide more job opportunities for more people.
The broader context of the President’s peace thrust is also an important pillar in the
administration’s economic platform. Peaceful communities form a more solid basis for creating
businesses that generate jobs that ultimately provide an even more vibrant and peaceful
community, turning full circle, i.e., the so-called peace dividend.
Cognizant of the vital roles micro enterprises are sharing to our economy, DTI administrators
are closely working with the owners or representatives of registered business purposely to offer
appropriate programs and services that could help increase their profitability and success. They
are either individually approached or collectively invited for a seminar, fora, workshops,
business expo, and other related events. Notwithstanding their noble intention and lofty desire
of helping micro-enterprises in their area of responsibility, only a few enterprises are willing
and able to avail of those programs and assistance.
These DTI programs and assistance are normally and continuously undergoing evaluation from
assigned personnel of the DTI. The degree of evaluation, it is conducted by an insider, may not
be as impartial as when a neutral individual or party will do the task. Hence, this critical review
objectively evaluated the perceived impact of DTI programs and assistance to micro-enterprises
as the basis for continuing, enhancing or replacing the programs and assistance.

Graduate Studies – Doctor in Business Administration

Course Facilitator: Dr. Leomar C. Miano
RIBLEZA, MICHAEL JAYE P.
RES 501 – Advanced Studies in Developing Literature Review

Thus, the purpose of this research is to review and summarize all related literature on DTI
programs and assistance. The research discusses the development of entrepreneurs in terms of
personal and business performance. However, the lack of empirical evidence on the
contribution of DTI programs and assistance in the performance of micro and small enterprises
is restricting the formulation of strategies. Moreover, researchers have determined that
awareness and satisfaction have a relationship with transformative effects in the conduct of
such programs and assistance. But despite this, not many academic research studies have
focused on addressing these impacts on the business performance of micro and small
enterprises. Lastly, the conduct of this critical review will also provide challenges regarding the
assistance given by the Department of Trade and Industry and recommended remedies to such
problems.

METHOD
The researcher reviewed ten journals, articles and research study with the search term "DTI
Programs and Assistance” from the years 2013 through 2022. The researcher also used
bibliographic branching and referrals from other researchers whose works are related to the
topic reviewed. The researcher reviewed only research studies that were published in peer-
reviewed journals. The researcher read all of the abstracts to determine whether the authors of
the said research studies determined and identified possible impact of DTI’s program and
assistance to MSEs of the Province of Marinduque. Search results on Government Programs
and Assistance gave a large number of results but only the most significant papers – those that
focused on DTI Programs and assistance only, are taken into account for this review. In order to
fully understand the data collected, the researcher use thematic content analysis. The
researcher closely examined the data gathered to provide a flexible method of data analysis.
Additionally, the set of data gathered was described in a rich and sophisticated way.

OBJECTIVES
This article presents a critical review on the effectiveness of DTI programs and assistance as a
guide to the micro and small enterprises. Specifically, it sought to determine the perceived
effects of DTI programs and assistance to MSEs operation, financial, human resource and
marketing. The researcher wanted to establish the contribution of the program and assistance
to the business of the respondents in terms of personal development, business performance
and scale-up indicators. The researcher also wanted to assess the status of the business of the
MSEs before and after receiving DTI programs and assistance in terms of financial performance,
customer satisfaction, number of customers and market share. Lastly, the researcher wanted to
know the challenges confronted by MSEs with the program assistance provided by the
Department of Trade and Industry.

Graduate Studies – Doctor in Business Administration

Course Facilitator: Dr. Leomar C. Miano
RIBLEZA, MICHAEL JAYE P.
RES 501 – Advanced Studies in Developing Literature Review

RESEARCH ARTICLES USING CHIIPT

Title of the Study Context How Issues Instrument Population Theory

1. Entrepreneurship Entrepreneur’ Purposive and Limited number of MSMEs Semi-structured Business Social support
from an Emerging viewpoint on snowball that agreed to join the study; survey owners of and networks
Nation: what enabled sampling responders are limited to composed of MSMEs enable
A Case Study from them to start a existing MSMEs and did not questions from individuals to
Cebu, Philippines business consider individuals who the literature pursue
(Tiffany Tan, pursued entrepreneurship; and from entrepreneurs
Ernesto Yap, Allen limited to factors that literature of key hip
Vicente, 2021) influenced existing informant
entrepreneurs to engage in
business creation or
continuation.
2. Impact Assessment on Qualitative Focused only on the personal Key informant 5 Mentoring help
Assessment on the the impact of evaluation experiences and learnings of interview participant workers
Business KMME Program research the participants in the year s from the expand their
Performance of the in the overall design 2017; selection of five 23 understanding
2017 Graduates of performance on participants who were willing graduates of the
the Kapatid Mentor the registered to extend their assistance of KMME in company
ME (KMME) businesses of the batch 2017
Program of the 2017 graduates in
Department of Digos City
Trade and Industry
in Digos City
(Jeanevieve G.
Dana-Gica,
Khamille Grace S.
Anasco, Ariel San
Jose, September
2021)

Graduate Studies – Doctor in Business Administration

Course Facilitator: Dr. Leomar C. Miano
RIBLEZA, MICHAEL JAYE P.
RES 501 – Advanced Studies in Developing Literature Review

3. Impact of Covid- Identification of Descriptive A total of 60 surveys were Semi-structured 60 KMME KMME MSE
19 on Micro and the status and method of obtained but 21 respondents one-page online graduates graduates
Small Entrepreneur effect of the research and or 35% of the surveys survey continued their
(MSE) Graduates of pandemic to the input-process- conducted were successful business
the Kapatid Mentor Micro and Small output model due to limitations brought by operations
Me Program Entrepreneur the pandemic amidst the
(Debbyriza T. graduates of the pandemic
Hidalgo, Francis KMME Program
Peter B. Marquez, of DTI in the
Pachicco B. Province of
Sarmenta, Jean Nueva Ecija
Kanty A. Alvarez,
Dennis U. Ong,
Felipe E. Balaria,
November 2020)

4. Digital Discussion of Qualitative The use of qualitative Researchers 46 young This paper
Innovations in drivers and method content analysis of conducted the entreprene focused on
MSMEs during barriers to digital participants’ lived data collection urs, 46% entrepreneurs
Economic innovations in experiences, which is unable using an online male, 52% hip theories
Disruptions: micro, small, and to provide numerical survey female, and that address
Experiences and medium information for further 2% others, innovations
Challenges of Young enterprises statistical analysis. Hence, the ages 15 to during
Entrepreneurs (MSMEs) during research findings cannot be 50 with a economic
(Cueto, Frisnedi, economic applied to a larger population median of disruptions
Collera, Batac, disruptions from with similar uncertainty that 30 such as
Agaton, January the perspective of can be done using the effectuation,
2022) Filipino young quantitative analysis method. resilience,
entrepreneurs. bricolage, and
dynamic
capabilities
5. Perceived Impact Assessment on The research Despite limited social and Survey 165 The results

Graduate Studies – Doctor in Business Administration

Course Facilitator: Dr. Leomar C. Miano
RIBLEZA, MICHAEL JAYE P.
RES 501 – Advanced Studies in Developing Literature Review

of Department of the Impact of DTI used a mixed- government pressure and questionnaire microentre revealed that
Trade and Industry Programs to method, support services, traditional and focus group preneurs only the forms
Programs and MSMEs in utilizing both micro-enterprises undertook discussion were of ownership
Assistance to Quezon quantitative significant environmental utilized in the and kinds of
Microenterprises in and actions when feasible, almost study business have
the Fourth District qualitative regardless of owner significance to
of Quezon (Bulfa, approach attributes or motivations assistance,
Ronaldo G., 2020) while the
number of
employees and
capitalization
showed
significance to
the programs
6. Assessment of Assessment of Qualitative Limited number of Survey and 573 MSMEs Assessment of
business the current and respondents who purposive but only 5% Business
environment of demographics, Quantitativem participated and answered sampling is able to Environment
women roles, and ethod the survey questionnaire due answer the of Women
Involved in micro, experience of to pandemic questionnai Involved in
small, and medium women involved re the MSMEs in
enterprises in the
(MSMEs) in the MSMEs Philippines in
Philippines: A Comparison
comparative study with
with Select ASEAN
Select ASEAN Countries
countries (Solina,
Myrtle Faye, August
2020)

7. A 5-Year Analysis Assessment of Descriptive - The data 103 clients The MSME-
of the Business the effectiveness research, gathered from who are clients could
Performance of DTI of service delivery utilizing both respondents enrolled in not explicitly

Graduate Studies – Doctor in Business Administration

Course Facilitator: Dr. Leomar C. Miano
RIBLEZA, MICHAEL JAYE P.
RES 501 – Advanced Studies in Developing Literature Review

Assisted Micro, by service quantitative were processed the determine the

Small and Medium providers in and using a software Business results of their
Enterprises in Negros qualitative program-Based, Profile business
Negros Occidental Occidental data for the IBM Statistical Matching performance
(Amihan, Romel L., analysis. Packages for System as influenced
May 2013) Social Sciences (BPMS) by various
(SPSS), version from external
11. identified factors.
priority
sectors --
processed
food, gifts,
decors &
houseware
s,
garments,
furniture &
furnishings,
and
metalworki
ng -- were
the
respondent
s.

8. Condition of the Determination of Descriptive - Simple online 25 Negosyo The program of

Negosyo Serbisyosa the effectiveness research survey on Serbisyosa DTI enhances
Barangay (NSB) of the DTI’s method google form Barangay the long-term
Program of the specified program (NSB) viability of
Department of beneficiarie MSMEs
Trade and Industry s through
(DTI) in Talugtug, business
Nueva Ecija during continuity

Graduate Studies – Doctor in Business Administration

Course Facilitator: Dr. Leomar C. Miano
RIBLEZA, MICHAEL JAYE P.
RES 501 – Advanced Studies in Developing Literature Review

the Pandemic training,

(Lester Rabanal, increased
Ariel M. Mariano, productivity
John Mark D. and
Tangonan, Shane government
M. Manzon, Dionne subsidies
Elaine C. Languido,
Richard V.
Simangan, August
2021)
9. Economic Assessment of Descriptive - Survey 11 OTOP Government
promotion through the economic method and questionnaires entreprene agencies had
One-Town One impact of One- documentary and focus group urs assisted the
Product (Parilla, Town One examination discussions OTOP
Eric S., July 2013) Product (OTOP) businesses
program to Ilocos through skills
Norte training and
business
counseling and
that
employment
has the biggest
impact on the
OTOP program
in Ilocos Norte.
10. Assessment of Assessment on Descriptive The limitation of the study Online 257 Most have
the Implemented the impact of research was the difficulty in reaching questionnaires respondent improved or
Kapatid Mentor ME KMME Program design some respondents. It is s clustered significantly
Program (KMME) of in the overall because some of the emails by Region improved
the Department of performance on of the mentee graduates VII current assets
Trade and Industry the registered were not recorded. Hence it provinces compared to
(DTI) in Region VII, businesses of the was hard to reach out to the initial
Philippines graduates in respondents for validation. capitalization

Graduate Studies – Doctor in Business Administration

Course Facilitator: Dr. Leomar C. Miano
RIBLEZA, MICHAEL JAYE P.
RES 501 – Advanced Studies in Developing Literature Review

Region VII, Therefore, incomplete upon

Philippines responses were treated as entering the
null and void. Besides, some program.
emails had typographical
errors, and some were
inactive. Thus, it is
challenging to identify
significant relationships in
data. Another limitation was
an unequal number of
respondents for the regular
KMME and KMME-MME
Online programs, making it
hard to compare both
learning approaches.

Graduate Studies – Doctor in Business Administration

Course Facilitator: Dr. Leomar C. Miano
RIBLEZA, MICHAEL JAYE P.
RES 501 – Advanced Studies in Developing Literature Review

DISCUSSION
The purpose of this review is to discuss research findings on the effectiveness of DTI Programs
and assistance to micro and small enterprises. Research on DTI programs and assistance and
other related areas have attracted attention from several researchers in the Philippines. In this
critical review, the researcher included 10 research articles as sample papers for review.
Research studies used were from national and international journals and conferences and
various government websites. Only research studies published between 2013 to 2022 are
considered for this critical review.
In this research, the following facts can be deduced from the analysis of literature used in this
study:
1. The results reveal that those who planned to become entrepreneurs and those who did
not have a similar personality, come from diverse educational backgrounds, and have
social support and network.
2. The results of the study show that the program has a positive impact on both the
personal improvement and business performance of the 2017 graduates in Digos City. It
can be implied from the results of this study that the Department of Trade and Industry
should continue offering this program in Digos City.
3. The results showed that most of the KMME MSE graduates continued their business
operations amidst the pandemic. They are responding to the economic fall-out in
several ways with optimism, government response and interventions that are significant
to ensure MSEs survival. Likewise, they develop resilience through business continuity
trainings, productivity improvements, and subsidies.
4. The findings revealed that digital innovations during this economic disruption were
driven by extrinsic (restrictions and market demand) and intrinsic (personal and
professional development, concern for others) motivations. MSMEs were mostly
affected by the pandemic restrictions as, in comparison to large firms, they were usually
lacking sufficient resources in terms of financing, management, and technology, and
were unprepared for such disruptions that took longer and graver than expected.
5. The results showed that majority of the respondents have availed the registration
facilitation only. Moreover, the respondents perceived that the impact of DTI assistance
in the business is of "moderate extent".
6. The research presents that women’s participation in economic activity, in particular in
MSMEs, is primarily affected by conditions that can catalyze engagements. Majority of
women entrepreneurs feel that they are empowered to run a business in the
Philippines. However, challenges still affect the management and performance of the
business.
7. The results revealed that most of the assisted clients started their business with very
small capital. Thirty five percent of them had initial investment of P15,000.00 or less.

Graduate Studies – Doctor in Business Administration

Course Facilitator: Dr. Leomar C. Miano
RIBLEZA, MICHAEL JAYE P.
RES 501 – Advanced Studies in Developing Literature Review

The age of the entrepreneurs who were subject of this study ranged from 30 to over 60
years old. On the production capacity, data generated indicate that MSMEs‘ outputs
have been showing a very modest growth. The percentage changes between a 2-year
period starting from 2006 to 2011 generated an average growth of 1.98 percent. The
highest growth was attained between 2006-2007 with a 3.0 percent mark.
8. According to the findings, the twenty-five NSB recipients came from five barangays in
Talugtug, Nueva Ecija. They work in the food industry, primarily in the preparation of
chips (banana, camote, and taro chips) and mushroom production. According to the
findings, the twenty-five NSB recipients came from five barangays in Talugtug, Nueva
Ecija. They work in the food industry, primarily in the preparation of chips (banana,
camote, and taro chips) and mushroom production.
9. The results showed that majority of the OTOP businesses in Ilocos Norte have existed
for 16-20 years and are engaged in manufacturing and most of them are sole proprietor.
The Government agencies like the Department of Trade and Industry and Department of
Science and Technology had assisted the OTOP businesses through skills training and
business counseling. It was found out that employment has the biggest impact on the
OTOP program in Ilocos Norte.
10. The findings revealed that the respondents considered the advantages of face-to-face
learning as hands-on learning, easy networking, and a conducive learning environment.
Also, it was discovered that 74.75% of the mentee graduates had improved their
business status after joining the program.

CONCLUSION
To conclude, the offering of appropriate programs and assistance to micro and small
enterprises could help them increase their profitability and success. DTI is regularly inviting
business owners for a seminar, workshops, business expo, and other related events that may
help them increase their business performance. Notwithstanding their noble intention and lofty
desire of helping micro-enterprises in their area of responsibility, only a few enterprises are
willing and able to avail of those programs and assistance. As shown in the result of the critical
review, it reveals that the programs and assistance given aids MSMEs in terms of sustainability
and income generation. However, these DTI programs are normally and continuously
undergoing evaluation and monitoring from assigned personnel of the DTI. It allows
implementers to determine the programs’ best practices, gaps, and effectiveness. The
researcher also suggest that the said government agency needs to build a business continuity
plan to maintain the long-term viability of its business operation.

Graduate Studies – Doctor in Business Administration

Course Facilitator: Dr. Leomar C. Miano